Education Foundation and Teaching Management (FSS)

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An assessment of education stakeholders’ views on the provision of free education in Tanzanian schools: the case of selected ward secondary schools in Morogoro municipality
(Mzumbe Unversity, 2019) Venance, Agnes
The study intended to assess the education stakeholders’ views on the provision of free education in Tanzanian schools, specifically in ward secondary schools including Kolla Hill and Sumaye in Morogoro Municipality. It was based mainly on the education stakeholders’ views on motivation of teachers, the quality of education in academic performance, challenges and how to overcome them under the provision of free education. This study worked with 40 participants who include education stakeholders from two selected ward secondary schools known as Kolla Hill and Sumaye ward secondary schools. Questionnaires were used for 32 teachers; interviews were used for two heads of schools, two ward education officers and four parents, documentary review was used in administrative documents like National examinations results of form IV for three years from 2014/2015, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, teachers’ files. This has shown that there is improvement of the quality of education in academic performance. Also, teacher’s files and school board meeting files showed how the motivation of teachers was provided before free education policy and after from which it has revealed that, teachers are less motivated in free education policy than in cost sharing system. Also, the results show that, under free education policy teachers are less motivated but rather parents and students who were not paying any contribution at school. However, free education policy brought some problems like over-enrolment of students, lower achievers students from primary schools, and misconception of parents about the provision of free education in ward secondary schools Morogoro municipality. Another problem is shortage of government budget in ward secondary schools to accommodate all necessary school requirements. The results of the study further show that there is improvement of performance and quality of education since free education started in 2016. Therefore, more education is needed to parents so as to make them aware of the implementation of free education policy in Morogoro municipality. The government budget is to be increased in schools for running school activities and motivating teachers and management of schools under the free education policy in Tanzania.
An assessment of english language academic performance in Tanzanian secondary schools: A comparative study of students from english and kiswahili medium primary schools in Morogoro Municipality
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Vedasto, Viacel
This study assessed the English language academic performance in secondary schools comparing those students from EMPs and KMPs was conducted in Morogoro Municipality. It adopted a case study research design which focused in attaining qualitative data. Also, structured questionnaires and interviews were administrated to a sample of 60 participants comprising 4 Academic teachers, 8 English language teachers and 48 students from Form III and Form IV. The findings show that KMPs students have better performance in English subject than EMPs students. The average performance between the two groups (KMPs and EMPs) in all examinations‟ results from the year 2015 to 2018,have shown that KMPs students have a total average of 54.83% for good academic performance (A and B scores) as per this study. EMPs students own 37.65%. It is missed 7.52% to reach 100%. This missing percentage has been occupied by other students who scored C which was not categorized as high English subject performance by this study. Moreover, 75% of the teachers revealed that there are several challenges; including differences in students‟ ability to learn, poor students‟ classroom participation, shortage of teaching resources and lack of motivation. Finally, the participants gave some means on how to overcome the mentioned problems. These are emphasis on students to build a reading culture, teaching through participatory methods as well as provision of adequate funds for educational financing from the government. It is concluded that parents and guardians should provide actual support to enhance students‟ good academic performance in English language subject regardless of their primary schools‟ backgrounds. There should be a policy stating only one language to be used as the LOI and a subject in all levels of education. Likewise, further studies are recommended on assessing the factors contributing to poor performance of EMPs students in English subject at ordinary secondary schools
An assessment of English language academic performance in Tanzanian secondary schools: A comparative study of students from English and Kiswahili medium primary schools in Morogoro municipality
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Vedasto, Viacel
This study assessed the English language academic performance in secondaryschools comparing those students from EMPs and KMPs was conducted in Morogoro Municipality. It adopted a case study research design which focused in attaining qualitative data. Also, structured questionnaires and interviews were administrated to a sample of 60 participants comprising 4 Academic teachers, 8 English language teachers and 48 studentsfrom Form III and Form IV. The findings show that KMPs students have better performance in English subject than EMPs students. The average performance between the two groups (KMPs and EMPs) in all examinations‟ results from the year 2015 to 2018,have shown that KMPs students have a total average of 54.83% for good academic performance (A and B scores) as per this study. EMPs students own 37.65%. It is missed 7.52% to reach 100%. This missing percentage has been occupied by other students who scored C which was not categorized as high English subject performance by this study. Moreover, 75% of the teachers revealed that there are several challenges; including differences in students‟ ability to learn, poor students‟ classroom participation, shortage of teaching resources and lack of motivation. Finally, the participants gave some means on how to overcome the mentioned problems. These are emphasis on students to build a reading culture, teaching through participatory methods as well as provision of adequate funds for educational financing from the government. It is concluded that parents and guardians should provide actual support to enhance students‟ good academic performance in English language subject regardless of their primary schools‟ backgrounds. There should be a policy stating only one language to be used as the LOI and a subject in all levels of education. Likewise, further studies are recommended on assessing the factors contributing to poor performance of EMPs students in English subject at ordinary secondary schools.
Analysis of consumer choice on contraceptive use as a tool for improving family welfare in Meru District
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Thadei, Selina
This study analyzed consumer choice on contraceptive use and its implications on family welfare in Meru district. The study had two main research questions: what guides the consumer choice to use family planning and how does the use of family planning help in improving family welfare. The study used cross sectional study design and simple random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 100 individuals whose data was collected through face to face interviews. Based on descriptive data among economic variables; that were strongly associated with family planning were income and education specifically data revealed that university education has high percent contribution about 60% to family planning choice. Among demographic variables; that were strongly associated with family planning were age, gender and family size specifically data revealed female (75%) are the ones who access family planning than male, among social cultural factors; that were strongly associated with family planning were social networks and gender role specifically data revealed 65 respondents agreed that social network influenced their family planning choice, among perceived benefits; that were strongly associated with family planning were development needs and mothers health specifically data revealed that development 56 respondents needs guided their choice towards family planning. Based on the regression results, the economic factors that were important in determining family planning were distance at 10% significance level and education at 10% level. With regard to perceived benefits which were pooled into the same variable it was significant at 1% level. Based on the findings the study suggests that to make a successful move towards controlling population, family planning education is inevitable. This is to say there is a need to incorporate element of family planning for economic development when providing family planning education. It must make people perceive family planning beyond child spacing and more important incorporate how it affects family’s economic status.
Analysis of efficiency in public hospitals in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Fumbwe, Fatuma M.
For the past two decades, Tanzania has implemented various policies that aim to improve the performance of health sector and health status of every citizen. These efforts and policies had direct impact on improving health sector and achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Despite various efforts to improve health sector, the sector is still faced with various challenges, one among is inefficiency. The purpose of this study was to estimate efficiency of public hospitals in Tanzania for the year 2016. Specifically, the study sought to determine technical efficiency, scale efficiency and identifying factors influencing efficiency. To achieve the objectives, the study employed Data Envelopment Analysis (SFA), Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) and Tobit regression model on secondary data for the regional and district hospitals obtained from the Ministry of Health, Community, Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC). The study used medical staff and beds as input variables, and outpatients and inpatients as output variable. Results from DEA revealed that average technical efficiency of district hospitals and Regional referral hospitals was 69.3% and 90.7% respectively while findings from SFA depicted average efficiency score of 58% and 55% for Regional referral hospital and District hospitals respectively. In scale efficiency, 21.05% of District hospitals were efficient and 43.75% of Regional referral hospitals were scale efficient. On the other hand, Tobit regression results revealed that nurse, medical doctors, clinical officers and medical attendant are important factors in hospital production process, and they have influence on efficiency of public hospitals Lastly, the study concludes that Ministry of Health, Community, Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC), and other concerned ministries and stakeholders need to take measures to improve efficiency as the study depicted inefficiency in public hospitals. Estimation of efficiency in public hospitals should be conducted regularly and reallocation of resources is necessary to be done in public hospitals.
Analysis of green investments for combating climatic changes through carbon credit in Tanzania: A case study of Gepat in Karagwe District, Kagera Region
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Charles, Juliana
Carbon credit provision has been reported to be used as an economic incentive in mitigating climate change in the world. It has been reported by different climatic change activists that reforestation is the most important program in combating climate change in the world. This has been a concern for Project Managers (PM) and Economic Planners to address sustainable development in their plan. PMs and other social scientists cannot be involved in different natural scientific experiments, but the only way to participate in climatic change mitigation is to study economic behavioral systems directed to climatic change mitigation. Therefore, the provision of carbon credit in tree planting projects is based on the notion that trees help to mitigate climate change by sequestering carbon dioxide as they grow. This study evaluates the contribution of provision of carbon credit incentives for combating climate change through tree plantation. The study uses a case study analysis in Kituntu and Rwambaizi wards in Karagwe District. The sampling frame was 1093 smallholder farmers (SHFs) whereby a sample of 120 was chosen. The research design was mainly triangulation methods whereby qualitative and quantitative research techniques were employed. Data was collected using questionnaire and observation method. Data collected were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods, whereas simple statistics and linear regression model was used to test the hypotheses. The results reveal that the provision of carbon credit incentives such as seeds, seedlings and cash paid to farmers who plant trees have positive impact in increasing the rate of tree planting for combating climate change effects. In addition, the results shows that other factors which influence farmers to plant trees are the size of land owned by farmers and overall level of education which were found to be significant. effect in tree planting. However, the results also reveal that there is lack of extension services and technical support regarding tree plantation to farmers in the rural areas such as Karagwe District.It is recommended that those government institutions and other environmental protection stakeholders such as Wakk Foundation and Green Choice to cooperate with private institution in offering and creating incentive oriented programs in tree planting. The incentives motivates to motivate farmers to plant trees in their own land for the purpose of combating climate change needs to go tandem with planting timber, fruits bearing , oil seed and other beneficial trees. Commercial beneficial trees are relevant to the poor because the poor are continuously fighting poverty and therefore awareness creation on the importance and benefits of trees is equally an incentive to plant trees.The awareness creation on environmental education programs should be done frequently in the rural areas in order to reduce the rate of deforestation and increase the rate of afforestation. There is a need to conserve existing trees and add on new commercial and medicinal trees. Extension services should be established in rural areas so as the farmers will be able to get technical support from extension agents. In a way the goal of combating climate change through planting of trees in farmers' fields organized in a TRUST such as GEPAT will be achieved.
Analysis of social-economic factors affecting cashew nut production in Ruangwa District, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2014) Mallya, Paschal B. N.
The study was concerned with the analysis of socio-economic factors affecting cashew nut production with special reference to Ruangwa District Council. Data collection was through structured questionnaire administered to 200 respondents selected through random sampling technique. The overall aim of this study was to investigate the socio- economic factors that affect production of cashew nuts in Ruangwa District. The study objective was realized through the utilization of the multiple linear regression models since model consisted seven variables, F-test and Z-test were used to test the overall significance of the variables. The main objective in using this technique was to predict the variability of the dependent variable based on its covariance with all the independent variables. The methods of analysis used were descriptive statistics and production function analysis using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) criterion to estimate the parameters of the production function. Econometric techniques were used to estimate the determinants of cashew production. Linear regression analysis using SPSS (16) and STATA (9) software programs were employed for the modeling of cashew nut production as determined by postulated determinants and to assess the relative importance of various variables. Results showed that majority of the farmers were female engaged in cashew nut production. Cashew nut farming was the main activity as a minimum farm size was 4.125 acres. Results further revealed that farm size (acreage) physical capital, fertilizer, price, extension services, primary education were positively related to cashew output while labour and secondary education were inversely related. Based on findings, the study recommend that the government should emphasize on following in order to increase the production of cashew nut including: increase of land size for the purpose of increasing marginal productivity, use of fertilizers, provision of credits to farmers and improvement of infrastructures including roads, communication infrastructures and energy.
Analysis of the effect of school projects on school performance: A case of Morogoro Municipality
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Hasunga, Elizabeth Japhet
The study analysed the effect of school projects in school performance, the focus was specifically to identify major economic projects owned and operated by secondary schools, determine the effect of income generated by school projects on student academic performance, and find out the challenges associated with economic projects in secondary schools in Morogoro Municipality. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and semi-structured questionnaire for data collection. The purposive non-probability sampling and simple random sampling were employed from which 180 respondents were chosen as a representative sample. The data was analysed using binary logit and descriptive analysis. The findings show that the major school economic projects owned and operated by schools were such as crop farming, meeting halls, renting farms, poultry rearing and office projects which were used to generate income. The study indicates that of all projects crop farming was the leading income generating project in some private as well as public secondary schools. The findings on the effect of school project on student academic performance revealed that some public secondary schools with projects had more chances of increasing their students’ academic performance by 48.46% than those with no school projects. The findings on challenges associated with school economic projects show that 29.4% of respondents indicated initial capital as a challenge in establishing school economic projects. The study also indicates that only 43.9% of respondents had skills that could help in initiating and operating projects in secondary schools about 43.9% of respondents strongly agreed that lack of interest in projects was also a challenge in the management of economic projects in schools. The study recommends that to improve academic performance in secondary schools, the school administration and other stakeholders should not rely on the government funds or subsidies only but put emphasis on economic projects which generate income for self-reliance. Public Secondary School should initiate and continue to operate viable projects so that schools can raise fund to handle academic issues appropriately. The government and other stakeholders should ensure that there are trainings to teachers and students to build capacity on projects management for effective production.
Assessing the effect of curricula variation in mathematics teacher education on teaching competency
(Journal of Research and Development (MJRD), 2023) Kihwele, Jimmy E. ; Mgata, Fred
Curriculum development processes at universities are decentralized, resulting in varying subject-matter mastery levels among graduates. The paper examined the effect of teacher education curricula variation on mathematics teachers’ competencies. The study employed a case study design with 18 mathematics teacher graduates from nine teacher education institutions working in the Manyara region. The study used in-depth interviews, open-ended questionnaires, and documentary review methods to collect data. The findings revealed that despite mathematics teachers’ mastery of the subject matter, their competence slightly varied in some topics. There are mismatches between courses at different universities and topics in secondary schools that affect teaching competencies among teachers. Decentralized curriculum development at teacher training institutions results in dissonant curricula that produce different qualities in teachers. Despite various capacity-building mechanisms, teachers inadequately elevate their competencies. The study recommends the development of compulsory modules across teacher education institutions to reflect secondary curriculum requirements
Assessing the effectiveness of academic delivery in higher learning institutions in Tanzania: a case of three selected universities
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Mtandi, Raiza
. This study assessed the effectiveness of academic delivery in higher learning institutions in Tanzania. The specific objectives included; to find out the extent do lecturers understand and apply instructional methodologies; to explore students‟ perception towards instructional methodologies; and to identify strategies that universities employ to foster effective teaching. The study used a descriptive research design employing a sample of 257 respondents who were obtained through simple random, stratified and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using focus group discussions, semi structured questionnaires, observation, and personal interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data while quantitative data were analyzed using excel and results were presented using narratives and tables respectively. The findings indicate that, lecturers understand and apply both traditional and modern methods of teaching. It was noted that students understanding and preference on teaching methodologies vary among them. To ensure effective academic delivery, universities have established coordinating units; engage in collaborative projects and establish some relevant policies. It was also found that teaching and learning materials and facilities do not match with the number of lecturers and students leading to struggle to ensure that enough facilities are provided to support and promote effective teaching. The findings imply that, lecturers support students learning by preparing themselves before delivery of their lessons. On the other hand, universities are said to be supporting teaching for effective academic delivery through provision of teaching and learning materials. The study concluded that there are similar teaching practices and some variations among the studied universities. The study recommends the selected universities to establish frameworks to govern the day-to-day innovative teaching. This should be accompanied with sufficient provision of modern teaching and learning facilities as well as regular pedagogical training of academic staff.
Assessing the effects of increasing student’s enrolment to the quality of secondary education: A case of Njombe Urban district Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Kilima, Fanuel J.
This case study sought to assess the effects of increasing student's enrollment to the quality of education in the selected four secondary schools in Njombe urban Tanzania. It intended to find out the perceptions of stakeholders on the quality of education, the outcomes of free basic education programme to the quality of learning process and identifying the effects of increasing enrollment of students to gender disparity in selected secondary schools in Njombe Urban district. Data were collected by using interviews, questionnaires and documentary review. The study used a sample size of 75 respondents through quota and purposive sampling techniques. Quantitative data were descriptively analysed to get frequencies, percentages and cross-tabulations by using the statistical package for social science(SPSS). The content analysis facilitated the analysis of qualitative data. It was evidenced that stakeholders were aware that quality education is attained by availability of quality teachers sufficient books, chairs, tables for students and laboratories as well as conducive learning environment. The expected quality standards ware also not revealed in the selected schools. This was evidenced by, insufficient teachers to some subjects, lack of enough books, funds and necessary infrastructures such as laboratories. Insufficient resources were perceived to be caused by increased enrollment which has resulted to overcrowded classes Following the unconducive teaching and learning environments in the selected schools, performance of students in their final examinations have been deteriorating and thus deteriorates the quality of education. The study recommended that the programmes for expanding education access should consider the control of quality education over the quantity parameters so as to enhance the effective provision of education that promote people's welfare.
Assessing the effects of increasing student’s enrolment to the quality of secondary education: A case of Njombe urban district Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Kilima, Fanuel
This case study sought to assess the effects of increasing student’s enrolment to the quality of education in the selected four secondary schools in Njombe urban Tanzania. It intended to find out the perceptions of stakeholders on the quality of education, the outcomes of free basic education programme to the quality of learning process and identifying the effects of increasing enrolment of students to gender disparity in selected secondary schools in Njombe Urban district. Data were collected by using interviews, questionnaires and documentary review. The study used a sample size of 75 respondents through quota and purposive sampling techniques. Quantitative data were descriptively analysed to get frequencies, percentages and cross-tabulations by using the statistical package for social science (SPSS). The content analysis facilitated the analysis of qualitative data. It was evidenced that stakeholders were aware that quality education is attained by availability of quality teachers' sufficient books, chairs, tables for students and laboratories as well as conducive learning environment. The expected quality standards ware also not revealed in the selected schools. This was evidenced by insufficient teachers to some subjects, lack of enough books, funds and necessary infrastructures such as laboratories. Insufficient resources were perceived to be caused by increased enrolment which has resulted to overcrowded classes Following the unconducive teaching and learning environments in the selected schools, performance of students in their final examinations have been deteriorating and thus deteriorates the quality of education. The study recommended that the programmes for expanding education access should consider the control of quality education over the quantity parameters so as to enhance the effective provision of education that promote people’s welfare.
Assessing the implementation of inclusive education in Tanzania’s primary schools: A case of Mbinga district in Ruvuma region
(Mzumbe University, 2017) Gaudence, Mbunda
This study aimed at assessing the implementation of inclusive education in primary schools, through investigation the preparation of teachers towards inclusive education, examining the awareness of teachers on inclusive education as well as how teaching and learning process is in inclusive setting. The study also identified challenges that teachers face when implementing inclusive education. Constructivist theory and system theory were used. The study used qualitative approach using a case study design through observations, questionnaires and interviews tools by using manually analyzed content analysis in which codes, meaning and patterns were systematically developed from transcribed interviews based on the study objectives. Purposeful sampling technique used to select a total of 38 participants from 3 institutions, six tutors, one principal, and one academic teacher and fourteen pupils, and one specialist teacher. Additionally, the study included two heads of schools, one Special education needs officer and five regular and nine preservice teachers. Findings revealed that teachers were inadequately prepared for inclusive education. It was also found that all the teachers were aware of inclusive education at least at the level of understanding the concept of inclusive education. Teachers also demonstrated some inclusive based teaching and learning strategies. However, some challenges that hinder the implementation of inclusive education were revealed such as insufficient teaching and learning materials and number of students. Based on the analysis of findings it can be concluded that pre-service teachers are not well trained for inclusion as teacher educators face a lot of challenges even though practiced in a class strategy still the challenges occurs Lastly, the study summarized the all objectives, concluded the study by giving out the reflecting overview of findings and gives recommendation to authorities in order to overcome challenges and enhance the implementation of inclusive education in Tanzania's primary schools.
Assessing the implementation of inclusive education in Tanzania’s primary schools: A case of Mbinga district in Ruvuma region
(Mzumbe University, 2017) Mbunda, Gaudence
This study aimed at assessing the implementation of inclusive education in primary schools, through investigation the preparation of teachers towards inclusive education, examining the awareness of teachers on inclusive education as well as how teaching and learning process is in inclusive setting. The study also identified challenges that teachers face when implementing inclusive education. Constructivist theory and system theory were used. The study used qualitative approach using a case study design through observations, questionnaires and interviews tools by using manually analyzed content analysis in which codes, meaning and patterns were systematically developed from transcribed interviews based on the study objectives. Purposeful sampling technique used to select a total of 38 participants from 3 institutions, six tutors, one principal, and one academic teacher and fourteen pupils, and one specialist teacher. Additionally, the study included two heads of schools, one Special education needs officer and five regular and nine preservice teachers. Findings revealed that teachers were inadequately prepared for inclusive education. It was also found that all the teachers were aware of inclusive education at least at the level of understanding the concept of inclusive education. Teachers also demonstrated some inclusive based teaching and learning strategies. However, some challenges that hinder the implementation of inclusive education were revealed such as insufficient teaching and learning materials and number of students. Based on the analysis of findings it can be concluded that pre-service teachers are not well trained for inclusion as teacher educators face a lot of challenges even though practiced in a class strategy still the challenges occurs Lastly, the study summarised the all objectives, concluded the study by giving out the reflecting overview of findings and gives recommendation to authorities in order to overcome challenges and enhance the implementation of inclusive education in Tanzania‟s primary schools.
Assessment of education stakeholders’ views on the provision of free education in Tanzanian schools: the case of selected ward secondary schools in Morogoro municipality
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Venance, A
The study intended to assess the education stakeholders’ views on the provision of free education in Tanzanian schools, specifically in ward secondary schools including Kolla Hill and Sumaye in Morogoro Municipality. It was based mainly on the education stakeholders’ views on motivation of teachers, the quality of education in academic performance, challenges and how to overcome them under the provision of free education. This study worked with 40 participants who include education stakeholders from two selected ward secondary schools known as Kolla Hill and Sumaye ward secondary schools. Questionnaires were used for 32 teachers; interviews were used for two heads of schools, two ward education officers and four parents, documentary review was used in administrative documents like National examinations results of form IV for three years from 2014/2015, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, teachers’ files. This has shown that there is improvement of the quality of education in academic performance. Also, teacher’s files and school board meeting files showed how the motivation of teachers was provided before free education policy and after from which it has revealed that, teachers are less motivated in free education policy than in cost sharing system. Also, the results show that, under free education policy teachers are less motivated but rather parents and students who were not paying any contribution at school. However, free education policy brought some problems like over-enrolment of students, lower achievers students from primary schools, and misconception of parents about the provision of free education in ward secondary schools Morogoro municipality. Another problem is shortage of government budget in ward secondary schools to accommodate all necessary school requirements. The results of the study further show that there is improvement of performance and quality of education since free education started in 2016. Therefore, more education is needed to parents so as to make them aware of the implementation of free education policy in Morogoro municipality. The government budget is to be increased in schools for running school activities and motivating teachers and management of schools under the free education policy in Tanzania
Assessment of implementation of adult education a comparative study of Tanzania and Finland
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Kway, Godfrey D
This study assessed the implementation of adult education in Finland and Tanzania based on three objectives; firstly to identify the status of adult education in Tanzania and Finland; secondly to determine teaching approaches that Tanzania and Finland use in implementing adult education; and thirdly identify the challenges facing implementation of Adult Education in both countries Tanzania and Finland. The study was conducted in two colleges; adult education institute in Morogoro region (WAMO) in Tanzania and Tampere adult education centre in Tampere region (TAKK) in Finland. The study involved 70 respondents from students, teachers and administrator categories sampled through purposive and simple random sampling. Data were collected through questioners, interviews, document review and observation. Qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis while quantitative were analyzed and presented with the help of SPSS software program 16 version where by tables of frequencies and percentage were presented to supplement qualitative information. Findings in this study indicate that implementation of adult education was hindered by number of factors such as adequate funds, time and family problems, although the findings presents the situation in Tanzania was worse compared to Finland. Some factors observed unique to Tanzania include poor working condition, lack of funds, heavy load and lack of teaching and learning material. The study recommends that the government should not depend on donors fund rather should allocate adequate funds to the department of adult education for effective implementation of the programs put in place.
Assessment of teachers’ and parents’ role in promoting students’ discipline in community secondary schools in tanzania: A case of selected schools in Kilosa District
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Kadama , Daniel L.
The study aimed at assessing the teachers‟ and parents‟ role in promoting students‟ discipline in community secondary schools. Specific objectives were: to explore the status of discipline in community secondary schools; to identify the measures taken by teachers to promote students‟ discipline in schools; to find out the measures taken by parents to ensure students”/children’s discipline is promoted both at home and at school; to explore the collaboration between teachers and parents in promoting students‟ discipline; to investigate the challenges that teachers encounter when they deal with students‟ indiscipline; and lastly, to investigate the challenges that parents encounter when they deal with students‟ indiscipline. The study was guided by behaviour modification theory which emphasized the ways parents and teachers can apply to make students behave well in classrooms and at home. The study employed case study design adopting a qualitative approach holistically. It was carried out in some selected secondary schools in Kilosa district with a population of teachers and students‟ parents. The sample size of the study was sixty; thirty teachers and thirty parents. The sampling technique was purposive as only the teachers and parents were to be included in the study. Data collection methods included interviewing, focus group discussion and documentary review of letters, reports and rules and regulations as instruments. Findings revealed that the status of discipline in community secondary schools is bad. Many students engage in unsafe sexual relations, truancy, disrespect and wearing improper school uniforms. All these are acts of indiscipline. Collaboration between teachers and students‟ parents is not strong; it needs to be strengthened. Teachers and parents strive to take necessary measures to rescue students from immorality. The task of dealing with students‟ indiscipline is still very challenging to both teachers and parents. It is, therefore, recommended that teachers and students‟ parents should have strong and maximum cooperation to help to promote students‟ discipline. Teachers should become students‟ role models and also need to apply guidance and counseling to undisciplined students.
Assessment of teachers’ and parents’ role in promoting students’ discipline in community secondary schools in Tanzania: A case of selected schools in Kilosa District
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Kadama, Daniel L.
The study aimed at assessing the teachers‟ and parents‟ role in promoting students‟ discipline in community secondary schools. Specific objectives were: to explore the status of discipline in community secondary schools; to identify the measures taken by teachers to promote students‟ discipline in schools; to find out the measures taken by parents to ensure students‟/children‟s discipline is promoted both at home and at school; to explore the collaboration between teachers and parents in promoting students‟ discipline; to investigate the challenges that teachers encounter when they deal with students‟ indiscipline; and lastly, to investigate the challenges that parents encounter when they deal with students‟ indiscipline. The study was guided by behaviour modification theory which emphasised the ways parents and teachers can apply to make students behave well in classrooms and at home. The study employed case study design adopting a qualitative approach holistically. It was carried out in some selected secondary schools in Kilosa district with a population of teachers and students‟ parents. The sample size of the study was sixty; thirty teachers and thirty parents. The sampling technique was purposive as only the teachers and parents were to be included in the study. Data collection methods included interviewing, focus group discussion and documentary review of letters, reports and rules and regulations as instruments. Findings revealed that the status of discipline in community secondary schools is bad. Many students engage in unsafe sexual relations, truancy, disrespect and wearing improper school uniforms. All these are acts of indiscipline. Collaboration between teachers and students‟ parents is not strong; it needs to be strengthened. Teachers and parents strive to take necessary measures to rescue students from immorality. The task of dealing with students‟ indiscipline is still very challenging to both teachers and parents. It is, therefore, recommended that teachers and students‟ parents should have strong and maximum cooperation to help to promote students‟ discipline. Teachers should become students‟ role models and also need to apply guidance and counseling to undisciplined students.
Assessment of the factors affecting perfomance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): a case of Kilimanjaro Region
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Lema, John P.
This study attempted to assess the factors that are affecting performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Kilimanjaro region in Tanzania. The aim of this study is to provide the knowledge to the people in the region on how they should start and manage their SMEs by being aware with the factors affecting performance of SMEs which in turn will help them to manage their business sustainably. The factors tested were: Demographic characteristics (age, sex, and education level of SMEs owners and managers); Business characteristics (age of SMEs); Capital structure (source of initial capital, and capital size); Legal structure (means of operating SMEs); the Marketing strategy used by the enterprise to increase sales revenue and the enterprise management. The study was conducted in Moshi urban, Moshi Rural, Hai, Siha, Same and Mwanga towns in Kilimanjaro region. The study used the cross sectional study design in which data of 200 SMEs owners, and managers from all Moshi urban, Moshi Rural, Hai, Siha, Same and Mwanga towns was collected only once. Both descriptive and empirical methods were applied during the study. The regression results shown that, the most significant factors affecting the performance of SMEs determined by income in the study area were: Demographic characteristics (age and education level of SMEs owners and managers), Business characteristics (age of SMEs), Capital structure (source of initial capital, and capital size), and the Marketing strategy. Sex and Legal structure (enterprise management) did not significantly contributed to the SMEs performance in this study. There is a need for policy makers to make sure that education is given to the SMEs owners, managers and the employees together, with supporting them, if possible there is a need of having curriculum in primary and secondary schools by making business and entrepreneurship subjects as compulsory subjects, this will help to equip learners with appropriate business and entrepreneurial knowledge and skills which will encourage them to start and manage business successful. There is also, a need for the government to make sure that, businessmen and women are enabled to have access to loans (credits) with reasonable conditions from banks and other financial intermediaries for expanding their businesses; also soft loans should be provided to those who want to start new businesses. There is also, a need to put more emphasis on how to encourage women to engage in SMEs business and lastly there is a need to make sure that education on saving behavior is encouraged among the people in the study area, this is because in this research most of the businessmen/women started their businesses from personal savings as their source of initial capital.
Classroom support for students’ digital literacy skills for learning in Tanzania’s public universities
(Development in Practice, 2022) Nalaila, Stephano ; Wawire, Violet; Mugo, Peter G.P
This paper explores classroom support for students’ acquisition of digital literacy skills for learning at the University of Dar es Salaam and Sokoine University of Agriculture in Tanzania. The paper contains qualitative data collected through questionnaires and informal discussions. The study found limited classroom support for students’ digital literacy skills for learning because instructors are not prepared for it. Teaching activities that instructors implement do not reflect the attributes of digital literacy skills students should possess. Therefore, the paper challenges universities to mainstream students’ digital literacy skills and train instructors to assume the skills support role

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