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The Tanzania national economic survival programme
(Research and Publication Committee, 1982) Mmbaga W.D.S.(Editor); Baguma R.(Editor)
During May 20—21, 1982, the Institute of Development Management Mzumbe held a workshop on The National Economic Survival Programme, formally known as “NESP” as opposed to street’s teasing it as Personal Economic Survival Programme (PESP). In all, eight papers were presented and discussed. The first three papers in Part one deal with the evaluation of NESP and Pricing Policy in Tanzania. Part two deals with problems and potentials of external trade, particularly export promotion. The last two papers in part three deal with problems of technology transfer and its impact to Tanzania.
The editors believe that the issues addressed to in these papers are of great relevance to Tanzania’s policymakers, senior executives, as well as academicians. The papers are also of sufficiently high calibre; generally simplified tools of analysis and techniques have been carefully and work-manly employed to drive policy issues and problems home. It is our belief that each author has tried to contribute significantly to informed discussion on the current problems that face Tanzania.
Women and the labour market in Tanzania: Impacts on gendered lives
(Mzumbe University, 2000) Mahigi Bella; Mbughuni Anne; Ryen Anne; Stokken Anne Marie
The report focuses on the present changes at the Tanzanian labour market after implementation of the Structural Adjustment Programs. In particular, focus is directed towards the impact on women of the retrenchment processes that are implemented as part of the Civil Service Reform.
The fieldwork was conducted in Kibaha and Morogoro and consists of qualitative interviews with retrenched women and with managers in the two local governments referred. The data points to general effects of retrenchment to women in general, but also to the need to differentiate between women. The data also highlights special issues regarding local government.
As conclusion the study invites to more research on gender roles, women’s economic activities and to social implications of this present political and economic context. Within The Gender Cluster priority is given to research with a gender perspective.
Institutional framework for entrepreneurial endeavour: The case of small enterprises in Tanzania
(Entrepreneurship and Business Development Research Cluster, 2005) Nkya Etomih J.
The objective of the chapter is to analyse the role of institutional arrangements in entrepreneurial endeavour. An entrepreneur identifies a market opportunity and transforms it into a profitable economic value. Institutions are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction to determine transaction and transformation costs. Behavior of an entrepreneur depends heavily on the reward structure given by an institutional framework. Qualitative case study methodology was adopted and fifteen cases of small business enterprises were studied in Tanzania. The pattern of evidence from the case studies was matched with propositions developed from the theoretical framework. The study found out that entrepreneurial endeavour in small enterprises in Tanzania was taking place in the context of a mismatch between a slowly changing institutional framework and fast moving economic policy reforms. This mismatch constrains entrepreneurial endeavour and raises transaction costs. A favourable institutional framework is characterised by clear property rights and low transaction costs.
An assesment of the prevelance and impact of crime entrepreneurship and small business development in Dar es salaam city
(Entrepreneurship and Business Development Research Cluster, Mzumbe University, 2005) Mfaume Rashid; Leonard Wilhelm
Entrepreneurship and Small businesses have been increasingly recognised as one of the means of creating employment and reducing object poverty (PRSP, 2002). While many factors are said to be essential for successful prosperity of Small businesses, the questions are on the issues of safety and security to entrepreneurs on one hand, and the efforts taken by city authorities to institute and promote security measures on the other. To explore on these issues, researchers conducted exploratory research to identify the prevalence and extent of security (crime) problem in the city of Dares Salaam and how it inflicted entrepreneurship and Small Business Development endeavours. The findings revealed and indicated that there is modest level of crime in the city of Dar es Salaam and entrepreneurs and small business are suffering an immense loss as a result of escalating rate of crime.
Decentralisation of power, authority and responsibility for staffing function in primary schools: The experience from Bagamoyo district council in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2005) Itika Josephat Stephen
This research report describes the reasons and effects of diverse distribution of power, authority and responsibility in the staffing function for primary school teachers in Bagamoyo District Council. The study is based on the premise that improvement in primary education depends on the effectiveness of the staffing function, which is also a function of the effectiveness of the distribution of power, authority and responsibility among various organs in the education system.
Data were collected through documentary review, in-depth interviews and meetings from key informants and teachers. It is observed that although the distribution of power, authority and responsibility between TSC, SID, CSD, MOF and MOE helps to have central and coordinated approach to primary education delivery system, and regulation of employment for teachers, there are strong dissatisfactions on teachers appointments, placement, promotion, transfer, benefits, training and development. The reasons for dissatisfactions centre on failure of the responsible organs to make decision and act as stipulated by various regulations, although it was not clear which organ was mostly responsible for the failures because of "finger pointing tendencies" towards one another.
It is also noted that although the new Public Service Act 2002 and Public Service Regulations and Scheme of Service 2003 should improve the distribution of power, authority and responsibility for staffing function in local authorities, a brief review of the legislations does not suggest that being the case.
There are more organs struggling to share power, authority and responsibility, and pluralist tendencies which concentrate control at the top of the central government bureaucracy. It is anticipated that, there will be more possibilities of conflicts and frustrations in the process of executing staffing function at various levels. The possible outcome is frequent "pass over of the bucket" to each other when it comes to accountability.
It appears that the solution to questions to do with power, authority and responsibility in staffing for primary school teachers cannot be obtained from frequent formulation of policies, legislations and creation of new structures.
What matters most is willingness of the central government to delegate enough power, authority and responsibility to local authorities not only in terms of policy and statutory provisions but also through sufficient support in human and financial resources.