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Assessment of the role of micro-credit granted to women entrepreneurs towards poverty reduction the case study of pride Tanzania – Morogoro branch.
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Thomas Nathan
In Tanzania previous studies have been carried out to show how financial Institutions, especially Micro finance, has tried to improve financial services to women entrepreneurs. But still the question remains, do these financial services help women entrepreneurs to reduce poverty? This study focused on the assessment of the role of micro-credit granted to women entrepreneurs in their fight against poverty and it was conducted in Morogoro Municipality using Pride Tanzania Morogoro branch as the case study. A stratified random sampling was used to ensure that different strata of women entrepreneurs are included in the study. The sample size comprised of 80 women entrepreneurs and 10 staffs from the loan department of PRIDE Tanzania – Morogoro Branch in Morogoro Municipality. Primary data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires, semi structured interviews and observation while secondary data were collected through documentary review. Descriptive analysis was conducted and through it data collected was analyzed through different tools like tables, graphs and percentages or mean. The results showed that more than 22% of respondents had their standard of living improved to better and 36% had their standard rated to good after securing loans from PRIDE. However, the study revealed that about 75% of respondents argued that the credits provided by micro-finance institutions are not enough to suffice their needs. In addition, the study identified lack of markets, high interest rates and taxes, and poor financial management and planning skills as key problems hindering women entrepreneurs from achieving their goals and reducing poverty in the society. In order to improve the micro-credit facilities offered by micro-finance institutions, the study recommended that government should formulate appropriate policies and laws that ease the access of these micro-credit to women and support training on project planning and financial management skills should be conducted to women entrepreneurs. Interest rates and other taxes associated with loan should be reduced
Challenges facing auditors in the practice of internal audit: The case of Morogoro District council.
(Mzumbe University, 2014) Kapula Nunkongea
The central aim of study was to find out the challenges facing internal auditors in the practice of internal audit in local government authorities in Tanzania; the case of Morogoro District Council (MDC), Morogoro Region. Specific objectives were: to assess whether lack of peers’ cooperation and reluctance to provide information relating to their resources utilization is one of the sources for ineffective internal audit practices in LGAs; to examine whether there is low management support to internal auditors; to assess whether the way public servants view internal audit task is one of the sources for challenges facing internal auditors in effective practice of internal auditing; and to furnish recommendations on the best way to be used by internal auditors in alleviating challenges faced during the practice of internal audit in LGAs. The methods employed by this study were questionnaire, and interview and documentary review. A sample of 50 respondents was used in collecting data. The data were presented and analyzed using techniques like; SPSS and Excel – out of which Tables and figures were constructed – which were all supported by percentage rates. The study found that public servants working with MDC were lacking interest in giving cooperation to internal auditors. Thus, the study had concluded that public servant have negative attitude and feeling against the audit practice in their organisation. As the consequence, such problems of lack of cooperation have been posing great challenges to internal auditors and in turn, majority of audit reports have been seen to be lacking consistency and reliability. The study also concluded that one of the great sources and even the challenges facing internal auditors include the lack of cooperation from peers, negative attitude, and dislike from majority of public servants – whose effects tend to result in the scenario, whereby, audit practice lacks essential information required for it to issue reliable and effective report. The study recommended the government to be prudent and strategic in putting measures that would regulate the appropriate use of its resources allocated in different local authorities. The study also recommended other studies to cover similar areas of knowledge for them to extent the notion or awareness pertaining to internal audit.
Impact of tax exemption and tax relief for foreign investors towards government revenue: A case of Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Makere, Noel
The purpose of this study has been to find out the impact of tax exemption and tax relief for foreign investors towards government revenue, having intent to look for better solutions to raising government revenue. The study relied heavily on the practitioners and documents to collect necessary information regarding tax relief and exemption from the stakeholders, TRA being the major target area of study. It looked at positive and negative sides of the issues. The study employed a case approach where TRA was the major area of study. It involved such department as Customs and Excise, Finance and Administration/Management. Both primary and secondary data were collected. The results were presented using frequency distribution tables and graphs using such programs as excel and the sort. The results from the analysis revealed that the prevalent tax exemption and tax relief situation does not on its own attract foreign investments into Tanzania. Moreover, exemption and relief on tax does not contribute to the improved revenue collection, rather, they deter and get the country into unnecessary losses of revenue and resources as disadvantages have outweighed the advantages of the said exemption and relief. However, if well implemented, tax relief and exemption may be a drive for investment and may lead to increased revenue. It was concluded that there are yet lessons to be learned out of the study current tax policies on exemption and relief, that they do not work for the benefit of the citizens of Tanzania, as they are not based on a win-win situation, rather they favour foreigners leaving the country dependent of aids. It has been recommended that tax administrators and managers put their hands together to review the current tax regime, especially on exemption and relief so that revenue collection is enhanced.
The Effect of NMB financing on performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) : The case of Lindi Municipal
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Ntoga, Adam M.
The financing of Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been a topic of great interest among both policy-makers and researchers because of the role they play. Objective of the study was to assess the effect of NMB financing on the performance of SMEs in Lindi municipal. It was observed that several studies have been conducted on the importance of SMEs for economic growth, but no specific study has been conducted on the effect of NMB financing on performance of SMEs in Lindi and their effects of financing were not known. Simple random sampling technique was employed in selecting the 100 SMEs from the population of 400 Smes that constituted the sample size of the research. Structured questionnaires was designed and distributed to facilitate the acquisition of relevant data. Descriptive statistics in spss and excel were used as analytical tools. Pearson correlation was used to test the relationship between the NMB financing and the Smes performance, chi-square test also was used test the null and alternative hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that, the majority of the SMEs acknowledge positive contributions of loans towards their businesses and improved standard of living among family members. Tax Policy implication in this study: The tax regime in Tanzania is unfavorable for SMEs development; the present tax regime imposes a major burden on SMEs performance. The tax rates and compliance costs are the same for both the SMEs and large enterprises. Government should review the legal, tax structure and regulatory framework. Future research The study was focused on SMEs that operates in Lindi Municipal; the findings may not relevant in rural areas. Therefore, future research may be conducted in rural areas. The current research was on the effect of NMB financing on performance of SMEs, the future research may be conducted on the effect of commercial banks financing on performance of SMEs in all municipals in a country to broaden the scope in order to give a better picture.
Growth of mutual fund Industry in Tanzania; opportunities and challenges: A case of Unit Trust of Tanzania and Dar es salaam Region.
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Kilumbi, Devotha
The main objective of this study was to examine the challenges and opportunities for the growth of mutual fund industry in Tanzania. More specifically the study was guided by three specific objectives namely; to examine the relationship between Opportunities and MFI growth, to determine the challenges in the industry in relation to MFI growth, to assess the relationship between people’s financial literacy and MFI growth. The data collection methods involved were questionnaires and documentary reviews. A case study research design study was used, a sample of 100 respondents was obtained by convenience and purposive sampling techniques. The sample comprised of 60 non employees respondents and 40 employees respectively. The findings of the study revealed that, there are a number of opportunities that, UTT can use to ensure a smooth growth of the mutual fund, this include a number of prospective customers who have not yet informed about MFI products and its benefits, availability and the continuous expansion of the banks services which can help for distribution of the products on continuous basis. Also the study showed that, a number of challenges, including, lack of qualified distributors and financial advisers, lack of customer information, and agents selling non – mutual fund products contribute to slow growth of MFI. Lastly, it was observed that, on the side of the relationship between financial literacy and MFI growth , majority of the people are not well knowledgeable about mutual fund products and MFI industry in general. Therefore, more knowledge on the importance on mutual fund is needed since other customers are not aware on how MFI can benefit them. It was concluded that, no business can exist without customers. Customers’ value is an asset to the organization. Hence, in order for the MFI to grow, the trust needs to ensure that it considers its information system is good to all cities regions and districts all over the country so that opportunities can be communicated effectively to prospective customers.