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Assessing journalists’ language tone and sources used in reporting HIV/AIDS information in Tanzanian newspapers
(Sage, 2024) Kanyika, Martin E; Siyao, Peter O
This paper assesses the tone of the language and the key sources used by the journalists when reporting HIV/ AIDS information in Tanzania’s newspapers for six years between 2002–2004 and 2017–2019 respectively. Two leading broadsheets published on daily basis, the Daily News and Mwananchi were selected. Content analysis and discourse analysis were used as the data collection and analysis methods. Microsoft Office Excel 2010 was used to analyze quantitative data whereas NVivo was used to analyze qualitative data. The findings indicate that the language employed was offensive, discouraging, and laden with complex terminology. Additionally, the study uncovered an optimistic and positive tone in the messages, yet the structure of sentences lack persuasiveness. Moreover, the findings underscore a reliance on international sources for HIV/AIDS information. The research suggests that the overall language employed was inadequate. It asserts that despite the usage of positive tone, yet the language employed lack constructive, informative qualities and not suitably framed for the easy comprehension of their target audience. Furthermore, the findings advocate for journalists to consistently seek improved language tone for conveying HIV/AIDS information to the public. Moreover, the current study proposes that media outlets should provide training to the journalists on the good techniques of framing HIV/ AIDS information covered in Tanzanian newspapers for awareness creation. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the journalists’ importance of using positive language tones when covering and reporting HIV/AIDS information in the newspapers for awareness creation in Tanzania.
A systematic review of the extant literature on the Tanzanian e-government services for economic development
(Sage, 2024) Mwilongo, Kardo J.; Kachota, Beth
This paper investigates the existing Tanzanian e-government services for economic development through a systematic review of the literature. The main objective is to examine researchers’ articles on e-government services towards achieving the Tanzanian economic growth as well as the current issues and trends on e-government globally. Specifically, this study aims to answer three research questions on: what are the functional e-government services in Tanzania? What is the level of Tanzanian e-government service performance? And what are the factors influencing Tanzanian e-government service performance for economic development? A systematic literature search was conducted on four aggregate data sources, which included Google Scholar, ResearchGate, CORE, and Refseek. A combination of search key terms was employed to obtain the data sources from 2015 to 2022. One hundred and five articles were found by the combined search and screened, resulting to eighteen articles that were recommended for the study. Content and Microsoft Excel computer application were used to analyse the screened data sources. The findings reveal that, a number of functional services is offered and considered potential for revenue collection and contribute to the nation’s economic development. Nevertheless, Tanzania has improved and dynamically advanced to the transaction level of e-government implementation where the majority of the citizens interact for services and information. However, factors related to the activeness of the platforms, accessibility, usability, infrastructure, security issues, privacy, and technical support services among others, were identified to influence the performance of Tanzanian e-government services and thus call attention to the government in addressing these issues.
Impact of trade liberalization towards SMES development in Tanzania: A case study of Morogoro municipality
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Lugome, Baraka Anthony
SMEs have a crucial role to play because of their potential contributions not only to employment creation, but also to the improvement of income distribution, poverty alleviation, rural, social and economic development, and the development of entrepreneurship. Despite that there is a vast export potential for Tanzanian SMEs to developed countries; still the impact of trade liberalization towards SMEs development is not experienced adequately. The study assessed the impact of trade liberalization towards SMEs development in Morogoro Municipality. A case study research design was used in this study. The sample size of 84 respondents selected randomly (i.e. SMEs owners, business consultants and loan officers) was involved. Data collected were analysed descriptively by using SPSS computer software version 16. The results revealed that 75% of the respondents reported the availability of difficulties in procuring raw materials for their products from various institutions due to lower capital and viable marketing strategies, 80% reported the lack of information technology which would enable them access information’s relevant for their business undertakings and lack of qualified human resources to innovatively utilize their knowledge and skills for the better running of business. Moreover, 82% of the respondents reported the absence of social network among local SMEs as with its presence, social network becomes an opportunity and a means for entrepreneurs to reduce risks and capital because a social network has a significant relationship with business adaptability. However, 78% were in opinion to convince and force inefficient domestic firms to try to improve their productivity in order to enable their products compete with others while maintaining the required international standards. Local SMEs still have weak marketing and distribution capacity as they lack qualified human resources and are vulnerable to external shocks due to global competition which is beyond their control. The researcher argues for calling holistic local SMEs support through the creation of enabling environment while building a foundation for the future productivity and growth for them.
Effectiveness of marketing in extending social security services in informal sector: Case of national social security fund in Morogoro
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Shabani, Yasin
Access to social security is internationally acknowledged as a human right, but in fact is one that is far more honoured in its breach than in its enforcement, and is frequently not readily accessible to the most vulnerable in society. The growth of the informal economy, both in developing and developed countries has exposed the weaknesses and shortcomings inherent in the traditional approach to the provision of social security for those who fall outside of the formal economy. Social security has also traditionally been a vehicle to promote social cohesion and solidarity between different sectors of society, yet it is clear that marginalised workers in the informal economy and the poor in general are often excluded from this solidarity (GURN 2005). And for the case of Tanzania, informal sectors employ about 93% of the capable workforce whereas the total labour force is estimated to be more than 16 million (URT 2003) but these people remain uncovered with formal social security schemes, so their life are miserably when it comes to the issue of contingencies. The need of extending social security services to these people is highly encouraged. This study is set out to determine the effectiveness of marketing in social security schemes in Tanzania in speeding up the move of extending coverage of their services to the people of informal sectors. The study was conducted at the National Social Security Fund (NSSF), and to workers in the informal sector from Morogoro region. The researcher selected NSSF due to the fact that, NSSF open the door to the people of informal sector earlier than other social security schemes in Tanzania. According to NSSF study report on the extension of social security (2001), it argued that NSSF have many members from the informal sector compared to other social security funds and also easy accessibility of data due to the fact that there are limited bureaucratic tendencies. The sample of 120 respondents was drawn from Morogoro region. This includes staff from NSSF Morogoro office and workers from the informal sector. Both primary and secondary data were collected to accomplish the study. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. The data obtained in this study was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) through descriptive analysis method. Results were summed up and conclusion made. The findings from this study revealed that, social security schemes have significant role in assisting the government to make its people be able to address social contingencies and natural disasters. Despite its importance, it covers small population of workers and leaving the majority uncovered, especially those from the informal sector. Thus there is a need to increase efforts in extending these services. From the study, the work of extending this services is not an easy task, it needs new look and innovative intervention whereby the approach of synergism and Total Quality Management will be applied so as ensure the strategic flow of information to the people of informal sector to join formal social security schemes
Effectiveness of management information systems in local government authorities in Tanzania: A case of local government authorities in Morogoro region
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Makota, Gracian
This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of Management Information System (MIS) in Local government authorities in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. The study interviewed 261 respondents. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 75 respondents while purposive sampling technique was used to select 186 respondents. Therefore, structured questionnaire and interview was used to capture primary data and documentary review was used to capture secondary data. Moreover, the study employed descriptive statistics as well as inferential statistics (regression model) in analyzing the data. The results show that, the installed MIS has the potential to improve service delivery and customer satisfaction. Results also show that, the expectations of customers are high, but experience has often been negative. For example, there is a huge variance in the perception and expectation of customers in the LGA regarding service delivery and quality of services. This has negatively affected customer satisfaction. It is concluded that there is an urgent need in LGA to develop Systems that will capture user requirements and which should be seen as a means of improving service quality in the future and make the MIS to be effective.