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Selected topics in human resource management
(Reseach and Publications Department, 2004) Sabina P.M. Gellejah
This book gives an overview of Human Resource Management as field and subject of study, explaining the job of a manager and dynamics of work teams. The book further concentrates on the major functions of Human Resource Management; namely Human Resource Recruitment, Human Resource Analysis and Planning, Appraising and Improving Performance of Human Resource, Human Resource Training and Development. Topics on Management
Development, Describing and Evaluating Jobs, Administration of wages and Salaries, as well as collective Bargaining and arbitrating have been included to enrich the subject matter covered by the book. The book is written in a user friendly language. It can be used as a quick reference guide to the subject for both undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as practicing managers and other professionals involved and interested in the management of human resource. The choice of topics covered was guided by the author's experience of two decades in teaching the subject management practitioners, undergraduate students, as well as postgraduate students in Tanzania, Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland.
Provider fidelity in tuberculosis screening practices among adolescents and adults living with HIV in public health facilities in Tanzania
(Frontiers Public Health, 2025-11-19) Shilugu,Lucas L.; Mushi, Lawrencia D.; Anasel, Mackfallen G.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among
people living with HIV (PLHIV) in high-burden countries like Tanzania. Despite
national and global guidelines recommending routine TB screening at every clinical
encounter, missed and delayed TB case notifications persist, suggesting gaps in
screening practices. This study evaluated the implementation fidelity of the TB
screening algorithm and associated factors within routine HIV care in public health
facilities in Geita, Tanzania. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted,
involving the extraction of data from 423 client treatment records and observation
of 423 screening sessions. Simple random and systematic sampling methods
were employed to select the records and sessions, respectively. Descriptive and
inferential analyses were performed using Excel and Stata. Modified Poisson
regression with robust variance was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs)
to determine factors associated with two binary outcomes: (1) consistent TB
screening over 12-month period, and (2) correct utilization of the screening tool.
TB screening was documented in 82.8% of clinical encounters. Overall, 70.7%
of clients were screened at every encounter, and 75.4% screened at their most
recent visit. Laboratory investigations were recorded in 94% of presumptive cases,
with all confirmed TB cases initiated on treatment. Additionally, 80.6% of eligible
clients were initiated on TB preventive therapy (TPT). The WHO Four-Symptom
Screening (W4SS) was widely used (98.8%), and the tool was correctly administered
in 62% of the sessions observed. Factors associated with inconsistent screening
included age 40–49 years [Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) = 0.82; p = 0.046], age
≥50 years (aPR = 0.76; p = 0.025), suppressed viral load (aPR = 0.63; p < 0.001),
monthly drug refill model (aPR = 0.55; p = 0.006), refill by treatment supporter
(aPR = 0.09; p < 0.001), being traced back from a lost to follow up (aPR = 1.38;
p = 0.019), and absence of prior TB (aPR = 0.81; p = 0.001). The correct use of
the W4SS tool was less likely at PMTCT clinics (aPR = 0.55; p < 0.001). Although
TB screening is widely integrated into HIV care, fidelity to the screening algorithm
remains suboptimal in the initial stages of symptom screening. The completion
of the algorithm cascade was well-implemented. Fidelity at earlier stages of the
algorithm, such as the consistent and correct use of the W4SS, should be enhanced
by strengthening provider capacity and routine monitoring to improve adherence
to the protocol.
The art of research report writing: An introduction for the beginners
(Mzumbe University, 2012) Bunini Manyilizu
The purpose of this handbook is to assist the report writer in building her or his competence through highlighting the important elements to consider when writing a research report, the skill is also helpful for better marks, scientific dissemination, credible recognition, and reflection of what transpired during the process as well as the results of her or his work and so on.
This portable handbook is designed to assist different groups of learners in any discipline in both natural and social sciences and those in professional research, and in junior and middle class scientists. It is prepared as a quick reference for busy persons who might have no ample time for going through long paragraphs and descriptions in a constrained work schedule or setting. It is therefore in outlined format and where clarification was considered important then the description of the content was condensed to accommodate the needs of report writers.
The objective of this work is to contribute in improving knowledge, skills and influencing a change for producing quality field work report; and findings which are useful and utilizable for solving problems. The book gives to learner’s overview instructions to follow in a process of writing a report and how the research proposal is manipulated to appear in research report. It highlights the guiding elements on what to include in which section of the research report including referencing styles, with examples.
Elements of money and banking: With reference to the Tanzanian economy
(Research, Information and Publication Department, 2000) E.J.M. Wiketye
The book is divided into six parts and sixteen chapters. Part I consists of chapters one to four. Chapter one provides an introduction to essentials of money and banking. This is followed by Chapter Two which outlines the historical development of money and banking. Chapter Three outlines the general attributes of money. Specifically, the chapter concentrates on the definition and functions of money. The demand for money is the subject matter of Chapter Four. Here, the meaning of "holding money" is discussed, followed by a general formulation of the Demand for Money. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of theories of the demand for money. Specifically, the quantity theory (old and new) and the Keynesian theory are investigated.
Part II is about monetary theory. It consists of Chapter Five and Six Chapter Five outlines the basic monetary propositions. Chapter Six analyses the expenditures, incomes and prices. The chapter starts the analysis from the demand (expenditure) side of the economy, and then looks at the supply side. It ends with an examination of monetary and fiscal policies.
Part III deals with Commercial and Central Banking. Chapter Seven provides the theoretical basis of commercial banking in a simplified single bank-model. Chapter Eight looks at the structure of commercial banking in Tanzania in a historical perspective. Chapter Nine looks at the concept of central banking. First, the evolution and functions of central banking are examined. Then the chapter ends up looking at the concept of monetary policy. Chapter Ten examines central banking in Tanzania, with specific reference to the historical development of the Bank of Tanzania.
By Part IV looks at non-bank financial intermediaries. This part consists of chapters eleven and twelve. Chapter Eleven looks at financial intermediation in a theoretical perspective. Specifically the chapter examines the functions of financial markets and the role of financial intermediaries. Chapter Twelve outlines the financial intermediation in Tanzania. Essentially, it looks at the major financial institutions in the country.
Part V deals with money and the economy. It consists of two chapters. Chapter thirteen looks at monetary expansion and inflation. The chapter treats both long-run and short-run implications of monetary expansion. Chapter Fourteen gives a brief account of the Post-World War II inflation process. Specifically, the chapter looks at the concept of "creeping" inflation and also looks at some measures to control inflation.
Part VI looks at the international scene. In Chapter Fifteen the concept of balance of payments, in a simplified manner, is examined in relation to (i) fixed exchange rate systems and (ii) floating exchange rate systems. Then Chapter Sixteen looks at the international financial crisis and the collapse of Fixed Exchange Rate System. The chapter starts with a brief outline of the so-called gold-standard system and ends up with an examination of the Bretton Woods System and why it collapsed. Each chapter except the introductory chapter ends up with one or more discussion questions.
Dola
(Research and Publications Committee, 1991) B. F. Mrina
“Dola” ni kitabu muhimu kwa wanachuo wa ngazi zote, hasa wale wenye nia na shauku ya kufahamu jinsi chombo hiki dola kilivyoibuka, kinavyofanya kazi na kinavyotuathiri sisi wote.