Dissertation (Masters)

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The success of personal records keeping by Mafiga secondary school employees in Morogoro municipality
(2013) Obely, Shadrack
The focus of this report was to examine how employees keep their personal records in the public sector. The study involved the respondents from Mafiga Secondary School, Municipal Education Officer and District executive officer. Personal records keeping by public servants are a common phenomenon in developing countries. It is a well-recognized fact that records keeping are the source of information which helps administrator to reach in a certain decision in all matters of pension benefits, promotion and retention. This study had the objectives of finding out how employees in public institutions had succeeded in keeping their personal records. This investigation was a case study design which used one School in Morogoro Municipal as a study area while the population of the study included Teachers from Mafinga Secondary School and officers from Morogoro Municipality. Research results have shown that personal record is of great important and it’s the responsibility of each new employees in public working to keep personal records for future references and as policy requirements, despite existence of effort of government to come up with policies, labour Acts and employment Acts towards improving personnel records in public services, despite all these effort from the government personnel records has remained inferior. This state of affairs has continuously picked up the space towards loss of personnel documents and delay of payment of retired benefits and poor delivery of services in public services. The study recommended several measures to be taken in order to improve. These recommendations are provision of on working training, rising of awareness’ of the employees on importance of keeping personal records. If these recommendation will be effectively and concurrently implemented will improve the services delivery to the employees due to availability of right records which are kept by employees themselves.
Willingness to pay for improved conservation of water catchment in Hai district, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Sila, Darra N
The water crisis is a real-time problem, which is attributable to poor management of water resources. Many people in rural areas in developing countries lack access to adequate water supply and sanitation, the efforts to solve it over the past three or four decades have produced disappointing results, accomplishing far less than had been expected. The cross-sectional study was conducted in Hai District, Kilimanjaro region Tanzania among 130 randomly sampled households. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and both descriptive and inferential analysis were performed. 92.3% of respondents were aware of rules governing water catchment conservation. There was statistically significant influence (χ2 =14.436 and p = 0.001) of respondent’s primary occupation on awareness of rules governing water catchment in Hai District. The majority (70.2%) of the respondents showed positive perception about water catchment conservation, and most of them were willing to pay up to TSh. 100,000/-per month for conservation. The results of regression analysis revealed that respondent’s willingness to pay for conservation of water catchment was significantly influenced by education level (p = 0.000), farm size (p = 0.001) and ward location (p = 0.025). The study concludes that collaborative water catchment management is an effective mechanism for water resource conservation. It ensures sustainability in water availability for different uses. In view of that, farmers should increase the rate of adopting improved technologies such as drip irrigation for efficient water use, which will reduce water loss and enhance water circulation
Constraints to growth of small and medium enterprises in Zanzibar: The case of urban west region
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Hassan, Zena M.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are very important to the Zanzibar economic growth and hence, the need to ensure that SMEs grow sustainably cannot be over emphasized. At present, however, SMEs growth rate is still limited due to a number of factors that act as the barriers to its growth. This study empirically examined the constraints to SMEs Growth. A survey of 70 small firms was carried out to firms in services, food processing, and agriculture and tourism sectors in Urban West Region of Unguja. The Principal Component Analysis was used to determine dominant constraints, of which five constraints were identified. These include lack of entrepreneur skill, unfavorable government regulations, lack of access to finance, lack of access to power supply, and unreliable of water supply. The constraints were analyzed further to determine the extent to which the identified constraints actually hinder SMEs growth. In this, a logistic regression model was estimated. The result of the analysis shows that unfavourable government regulations and unreliable utility supply (power) significantly hinder SME growth in Zanzibar. Therefore, this study argues that weaknesses and lack of government policy and inadequate provision of power supply do not meet requirements of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) growth. The non government organization supported by central government should provide education concerns with business skills at the same time entrepreneurs should be ready to attend seminars on how to run their business, institutions finance should regulate and reduce constrain on SMEs so as smoothing take a loan . To overcome these obstacles, various measures are suggested include appropriate policies that create conducive environment toward SMEs growth. The study concludes with a discussion of policy implications and areas for further research.
Factors influencing land use changes in urban areas: The case of land development projects in Ilemela municipal council
(Mzumbe Unversity, 2019) Marwa, Julius C.
The purpose aimed at assessing the factors influencing land use changes in urban area in Ilemela Municipality in Mwanza City. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design and the data were collected from 305 plot owners from the area of the study via survey questionnaires. The study also employed a logistic regression model to map the relationship between the predicators and land use changes in urban area. However, before running the model a different tests such as descriptive statistics and zero order correlation analysis was first run. The correlation analysis was meant to test any multicollinearity problem and it was found that there is no problem. The logistic regression results established that urban planning activities carried out by the municipal through urban planning projects, increases the odds of land use changes. It was also revealed that age of the land owner decreases the odds of land use changes while, marital status and sex of the plot owner revealed to increase the odds of land use changes in urban area. Apart from that, it’s the study found that accessibility and location increases the odds of land use changes in urban areas while, distance from the city Centre revealed to decrease the odds of land use changes in urban area. Apart from the demographic factors, the socio-economic factors such as land value, land tenure system and land demand revealed to increase the odds of land use changes in urban areas while, business activities revealed to have no any influence on land use changes in urban areas. The recommendation is made to the poly makers on establishing the awareness campaigns that the community at large become familiar with the land policy, land act and land regulations. To the municipal urban planners, the study recommends the adherence of regulations and procedures in implementing the land planning projects. The study also recommend the land owners to make efforts on understanding the land policy that govern the land use changes.
Analysis of health insurance adoption and its effects on health care utilization in Tanzania: A case of Njombe district.
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Ngeniuko, Grace
Health is one of the important pillars of socioeconomic that promotes the welfare of the individual and the nation. To address the problem of access to health care services in order to improve health status, Tanzania has implemented various policies for the past two decades. These efforts include the introduction of health insurance whereby over 30% of Tanzanian has been enrolled with health insurance. Furthermore, Tanzania has made significant progress with regards to investment in health sector by promoting major health policies aiming at enhancing sustainability of health status of its populace. Despite of various efforts to improve health sector, the sector is still faced with various challenges including low utilization of health care services. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of health insurance on health care utilization in Njombe district. Specifically the study examined the extend of peoples adoption of health insurance, social-economic factors influencing adoption of health insurance and the effect of health insurance on healthcare utilization. To archive the objectives the study employed data from primary source drawn from 138 samples of respondents including 79 adopters and 59 non adopters of health insurance respectively. The probit model was used to examine the effect of social-economic factors influencing adoption of health insurance and ordered probit model on the effect of health insurance on healthcare utilization. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the extent of adoption of health insurance in Njombe district. The findings from the study shows that, 57.2% of respondents adopted health insurance and 42.8% were adopters, where age, sex, income level, household size, household dependency, premium affordability and education level were statistically factor explaining the adoption of health insurance. Furthermore marital status, education level, household income, distances and health insurance is statistical significant influencing health care utilization. Lastly the study recommends for the awareness creation, remove boundaries of health insurance usage, and increase supply of medicines, and capacity building for health insurance management in order to increase coverage of health insurance so as to improve healthcare utilization in Njombe district.
Impact evaluation of international AID supported road project on beneficiaries income: A case of Tanzania strategic cities project (TSCP) in Mwanza city council
(Mzumbe Unversity, 2018) Mdula, Jane
This study evaluated the economic impact of Tanzania Strategic Cities focusing on Mwanza City as a case study. The Tanzania Strategic Cities Project (TSCP) is funded by International Development Association (IDA) with the objective of enhancing accessibility of basic urban services. TSCP has been in operation for eight (8) years and therefore this study set to evaluate it. Specifically, the study intended to assess the cost of the projects under Tanzania strategic cities projects in Mwanza city; evaluate the benefits of roads projects under Tanzania strategic cities projects in Mwanza city and; assess the economic impact of roads projects on change of per capital income of road users in Mwanza city. The study involved 130 diverse respondents in terms of gender, education background and age group. Questionnaire was used as research tool for gathering information and that data was analyzed through frequency statistics, cross tabulation and other descriptive statistics. The study found out that income of road users has risen due to construction of the new roads and rehabilitation of old roads. The findings have also shown among the costs incurred by road users in regard to access and use of roads to include public transport fare, wastage of travelling and transporting time, maintenance cost, increase of house rent and fuel consumption. Road users also benefited from time saving on the roads, reduced transportation cost, availability of goods and services at lower price, opening of business opportunities, job creations, and population growth. Lastly the study recommends to the Government on the need to put much emphasis on road maintenance after on road constructed as it is cheap to maintain road than constructing it. Good road infrastructure will allow materials and goods transported in lower price to the industries and so join President John Pombe Magufuli on making “Tanzania ya Viwanda” a reality
Analysis of the determinants of ginger productivity in Tanzania: A case of Madaba district council
(Mzumbe Unversity, 2019) Paul, Peredius
The study investigated the determinants of ginger productivity in Tanzania; a case of Madaba District Council. A cross sectional research design was used; the sample size of 202 respondents was obtained through purposive and non-purposive sampling techniques. STATA version 14 and Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel software were used to analyze the data. The data indicated that ginger determinants involved in the model, it tell the variation obtained in ginger output or produce with the determinants of coefficient of Squared which revealed that 60 per cent of the variables was explained by the model by itself. In nut shell, it can be concluded that large farm size, farmer`s experience, the education level from primary to diploma of the respondents, age and the use of extension services have significant effects on ginger productivity. The study also indicated that ginger farming was found to be profitable with the gross margin of 87% or 0.87 per acre/per annum. Finally, the study found that the determinants affecting ginger farming in the study area include; inadequate of capital, low price ranging from Tshs. 500 to Tshs. 1500 per one kilogram, unavailability of laborers, poor infrastructure, and ginger middlemen exploitation. Hence it is vital to raise public awareness on the potential for sector. It is recommended that the government should discourage the middlemen who buy ginger direct from the farmers by low price and starting the selling point which increase value addition, to enhance the use of extension services to ensure that ginger farmers in Madaba District have access to ginger improved seed and improved farm inputs, storage and marketing facilities, ginger farmers need to be assisted by providing the soft loans so that to enable them to enhance the area under ginger cultivation which will led to high yield.
Assessment of factors that affect financial sustainability of rural village community bank (VICOBA): A case of Nyamagana district
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Ephraim, Charles
The study was geared to assess the financial sustainability of rural village community banks in Nyamagana District. Specifically, the study intended in finding out the factors that affect the financial sustainability of rural village community bank and to find the relationship between these factors and the financial sustainability of VICOBA. In order to answer the mentioned objectives of the study, a researcher used cross-sectional study design as the data were collected at a single point in time. The study used 100 respondents who are members of VICOBA. Not less, the data were used were the primary data that were collected from the field. Moreover, the data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. In descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used, whereas in inferential statistics a binary logistic regression model that used the maximum likelihood methods was employed in estimating the variables. In case of descriptive statistics, the findings revealed that the compelling factors that affect the financial sustainability of VICOBA in the study area included leadership and accountability, entrepreneurship skills of the members, education level of the members, member’s income generating activities, amount of shares contributed by the members, amount of loan provided to members and security of the group fund. However other factors that were mentioned by the respondents included inadequate capital, income poverty, cost of borrowing, and poor commitment of the members. On the other hand, in the inferential statistics, the results showed that leadership and accountability, entrepreneurship skills of the members, education level, income generating activities, and security of group fund were found to be statistically significance in its coefficients as they are having positive sign. But, amount of shares by members and loan provided to members are found to be statistically insignificance in its coefficients as they are having negative sign. In addition, the study further found that leadership skills and accountability, entrepreneurship skills income generating activities, and amount of loan provided to members are statistically significance when judged by its probability. On the other hand, education level of the respondents, amount of shares by members and security of loan fund were found to be statistically insignificance when judged in its probability. The results also found that leadership and accountability, entrepreneurship skills of members, income generating activities and loan provided to members are statistically significance when tested using its standard errors. However, education level of members, amount of shares by members and security of group fund were found to be statistically insignificance when arbitrated by standard error.In this, the study conclude that village community bank are considered to be crucial for the members within the group as it provides loans to members that help them to invest in income generating activities, entrepreneurship skills, encourage savings through amount of shares contributed by members and training particularly in business development. Therefore, the study recommend that entrepreneurship skills to members should be provided frequently in order to equip the members with adequate skills of entrepreneurship to enable them in identifying the projects that generate income that could be used in repaying back the loan and contribute members share
Analysis of the relationship between household income levels and health status in Zanzibar: A case of urban district
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Bhai, Hafidh H.
The study analyses relationship between household’s income levels and health status in Zanzibar. Specifically, the study investigated the relationship between household’s income and morbidity, mortality and life expectancy respectively. The study used morbidity, mortality and life expectancy as health proxies rather than using health index as it would narrow the scope of investigation. Income and other socioeconomic determinants like age, gender, marital status, education, health care accessibility, number of meals and BMI were used as predictors of health status. To achieve the objective of the study, relevant cross-sectional primary data were collected from 96 respondents in urban district. The data collected were analyzed and relevant descriptive statistics were reported. Seemingly Unrelated Regression was employed as the method of estimation. Post regression tests such normality tests, correlation matrix, endogeneity test and Breusch-Pagan test were performed to avoid spurious regression. The findings show that, household’s income was found to have positive correlations with health status since it was estimated to increase by 41% from one unit increase of income of the rich compared to the income of the poor households as was expected holding other variables constant. Based from the findings, the study concludes that, variations of socioeconomic status in relation to lifestyles are the main predictors of health status. Since the rich suffer due to their unhealthy behaviours and the poor due to their poverty. Therefore, the government has to minimize income inequality by increasing income distributions and asset ownership to enable the poor to manage medical services and nutritious food for a healthy life. In addition should also emphasize the importance of changing lifestyles via national wise sports like SHIMIWI, UMISSETA, UMITASHUMTA and BAMATA targeting to minimize tobacco and alcoholic intake, insisting on physical activity, proper diet and natural food intake for healthy and productive society and not only targeting the rich but also the poor households.
Contribution of smallholder maize production towards household food security in Babati district
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Ngurumwa, James P.
The main objective of the study was to analyse the contribution of smallholder maize production towards household food security in Babati District. Specific objectives were to examine household maize production per year in Babati; to examine household caloric acquisition from maize consumption; and to investigate the challenges facing maize producers. Primary data was collected from 80 households through observation, interview and focus group discussion using structured questionnaire and checklist. The study found that the average maize yield was 509.72 kg/acre. Farmers incurred an average production cost of 118,642.29 Tshs per acre that was dominated (42%) by ploughing. Also, farmers accrued an average of 254,860.69 Tshs per acre with an average Return on Investment of 44.1%. Almost all (i.e 96.25%) of the households in the study area had three meals per day and about 79.2% (1770.1 kcal/adult equivalent/day) of caloric intake per adult equivalent per day was acquired from maize. Basing on Dietary Energy Consumed per adult equivalent per day, 53.75% and 46.25% of households were food secure and insecure respectively; however, basing on Household Dietary Diversity Score, 73% and 7% of households were food insecure and secure respectively. Three quarters (70%) of households had at least one individual involved in non-farm activities. Majority (33.75%) accrued an average income of between 100,001 and 200,000 TSHS per month. Moreover, majority (32.5%) of households responded that low income among maize producing households was the major constraint in maize production; other challenges were unreliable rainfall, high cost of hybrid maize seeds, inadequate ploughing tools, wild animals and theft of crops. Hence, households should expand their farming systems to include the cultivation of vegetables, legumes and tubers. Also, they should diversify farm income to other off-farm activities such as business or any small enterprise so as to be able to improve their dietary intake as well as ensuring financial liquidity at the household that can help them to manage farm activities.
Health insurance coverage and financial protection among slum dwellers in Tanzania: A case of Dar es salaam region
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Buhire, Julius Evans
Universal health coverage is an objective for most countries. It enshrines the key elements of how health systems can contribute to the betterment of health in general. We looked at the definition interms of WHO (2005) which involves as access to key promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative health interventions, while guaranteeing adequate protection against financial risks. The research was enshrined in talking of health insurance coverage but not in general population but to those who reside in slum areas, these areas have their own characteristics interms of poor economic, environmental as well as poor security status. The research involved Tanzania because only 20% of all Tanzanians have access to health insurance, Dar es Salaam region was taken as the case study whereby the municipalities of Kinondoni, Ilala, as well as Ubungo were taken into consideration due to high rural-urban migration as well as high rate of urban growth in the region. The research generally aimed to analyse health insurance coverage and financial protection among slum dwellers in Dar es Salaam when faced with unforeseen health contingencies. The research study involved 2 models that which included the binary model through probit regression this was aimed for the regression of the factors influencing ownership of health insurance among those slum dwelling individuals the other model included the ANCOVA model that aimed in regressing out of pocket payments in order to measure the financial protection that health insurance owners may be provided by purchasing health insurance, with the study containing 400 individuals as sample size with 162 individuals that were seen to possess health insurance, questionnaires and interview were used as the data collection method was purposive sampling. The results of the collected information showed that many of the individuals had no health insurance interms of percentages we see that 59.5% of the sample taken had no health insurance, while 40.5% of the sample taken had access to health insurance whether private or public health insurance, while interms of out of pocket payments, we noticed that 16,160TZS was the average out of pocket payments of individuals when purchasing health services. The government and its sub-sectors can come up with strategies that involve education towards the individuals so as to increase health insurance knowledge among the regions of Tanzania
Contribution of tourism on household’s income in Tanzania: The case of Mto wa Mbu in Arusha region
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Igiha, Emmanuel
There are arguments on extensive roles of tourism as regards to improvement of the welfare and living condition of surrounding communities vested on the relationships between tourism and the household’s income. In order to provide critical analysis on the matter, the study focuses on assessing the impact of tourism on household’sincome to communities living adjacent to protected areas by examining the contribution of tourism income to the total household’s income. In so doing, the study examines the effects of tourism on employment and business opportunities in the community and income of the local people at Mto wa Mbu. The study also assesses the contribution of tourism on social services provisions in the community by investigating the supply and employment opportunities and factors that enhance such opportunities. The main focus is on the access of communities on tourism employment, capacity to sell to tourist hotels and lodges and business innovative patterns. The researcher has used both cross-section and longitudinal research designs using the survey and documentary reviews data technique. The survey technique was carried through the established questionnaires and interview guides which were applied to 95 respondents whore were randomly selected through the stratified sampling technique. The community of Mto wa Mbu depends on tourism on their day to day economic activities such as selling their farm produces and artisanal products as well as on employment in lodges, hotels and camps. The findings show that tourism has a significant contribution on household’s income at Mto wa Mbu through provision of farm supplies and employment opportunities which are provided in the industry. The researcher recommends that, the government and other practitioners should increase their efforts on enhancing the community to increase their productivity capacity especially through education in order to increase community awareness and hence productivity.
Analysis of the factors influencing child labour in tobacco farming: The case of Urambo district
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Benedicto, Daimon
This study identifies and examines socio-economic factors, which influence child labour in tobacco farming. The study is based on the field survey conducted in Urambo District. Logistic regression modeling was used on a sample of 253 households to determine the influence of education level of parent household, household meals per day, gender, distance from home to school and family parenthood type on children participation in tobacco farming. The study found that the parent’s primary education and secondary education level, number of meals taken per day are strongly significant at 5%, 1%, 5% respectively and positive determinant of child labour in tobacco farming in the district. However, university/college education of parent household, gender and distance from home to school were not significant factors. Moreover, the outcomes of Odd ratio to be greater than one (1) give us some important indications about the future prospects of children participation in tobacco farming. Since the odd ratio of the variables one meal and two meals per day (indication of family wealth) are 6 and 2 respectively are greater than 1 then the odds of not participating in tobacco farming are greater per unit increase in meals taken. Thus, the children living in more wealthy families (three meals per day) are less likely to participate in tobacco farming. Since education odd ratio is less than 1 then the odds of experiencing the characteristic of children participation in tobacco farming is lower for children whose parents have high education level. Based on the findings, the study provides policy recommendations to address the problem of child labour in the area and in other areas facing similar problems.
Traders’ willingness to use electronic fiscal devices in revenue collection: An empirical study in Morogoro municipality in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2017) Silver, Felix N.
Electronic Fiscal Devices (EFDs) are widely being used by revenue collection authorities due to their potential to improve revenue collection. However, there is low usage of EFDs by traders, which impedes the possibility of realizing this potential. Thus, the current study was an attempt to investigate factors influencing traders’ willingness to use EFDs in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed at identifying factors influencing traders’ willingness to use EFDs, examining the influence of socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, education as well as technological system factors such as perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on traders’ willingness to use EFDs. Moreover, the study aimed at examining traders’ awareness on the machines and the influence it has on traders’ willingness to use them. To accomplish its purpose, the study employed a cross-sectional survey, which was undertaken to 149 systematic randomly selected traders with EFD machines in the study area. It used a structured questionnaire that entailed closed-ended questions. Binary choice probit model regression was applied in analyzing the data. Based on the analysis of the data, the study found a statistically significant relation between traders’ willingness to use EFDs and socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, education as well as technological system factors such as perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness. While gender, education, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness had statistically significant positive relation with traders’ willingness to use EFDs, age had statistically significant negative relation with willingness to use EFDs. Therefore, traders’ willingness to use EFDs is significantly influenced by age, gender, education, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness in the study area. In a nutshell, if the government wants to improve traders’ willingness to use EFDs, it should consider the influence of socio-demographic and technological system factors on willingness to use them.
The role of project cycle management on project success
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Massawe, Selestine
Given the importance of projects in an economy and the prevailing trend towards poor performance, the author purposely in the course of this paper studied the role of project cycle management methodology on project success. The study aimed to achieve three objectives, the extent of adoption, and the effects of the method and the limitations of the project success. The study was a cross-sectional design covering six regions of Dar es salaam, Arusha, Dodoma, Morogoro, Singida and Shinyanga. The study applied, the descriptive analysis, the binary logistic regression and relative impact index factor (RII) models to analyses the data.Results from the study of the surveyed 117 project Managers, show that project cycle management methodology was adopted by 72.7% of the surveyed managers. However, the strength of association between methodology and project success revealed to have little to moderate association. Results have also demonstrated that projects with a long duration were associated with chance of failure comparatively to projects with fewer years of implementation. Furthermore, Stakeholder analysis was found to influence project success. Also, the lack of thorough problem analysis appeared to affect project success. Further, the study has shown that objective analysis had a a statistically significant effect project success. On other hand strategy analysis seemed to be at odd with findings from previous studies. The results also show that the application of monitoring indicators helped to capture key parameters of the projects to make certain that the implementation is heading in the right direction. Besides, the ability of the project manager to manage risks as part of their daily practices reduce costs and at the same time, increase the level of satisfaction of the project stakeholders. Finally, the financial analysis of the project was observed to have a positive and significant influential on project success. Regarding implementation barriers, the results revealed that the identified barriers were all significant. Nevertheless, the variations inside the indices in these barriers were arithmetical, in many cases were small –to legitimize any claims other than their relative impact rankings. Based on RII ranking scores, the lack of sufficiently knowledgeable project team has been identified as a major barrier for project success, which influenced the non-application of other tools such as financial analysis and the use of monitoring tools. The study findings have provided useful insights on the attribute of project cycle methodology which influence project success. In this regard, it is imperative that project managers grasp this methodology and apply it according to contribute to the success of the projects. The application of the methodology will also help project managers to overcome operational errors and to take counteractive measures in time. There is also a need to provide training to project managers who lack specialised skills in project planning and management. Education institutions could take a leading role in this regard
Effects of youth development fund on the growth of youth economic activities: A case of Moshi municipality
(2019) Tarimo, Coretha F
Youth unemployment is one of the greatest challenges to social-economic development faced by both the industrialized and developing countries of the world. The general objective of the study was to examine the effect of youth development fund on the growth of youth economic activities drawing lessons from Moshi Municipality in Kilimanjaro. Specifically, the study examined the procedures and conditions of accessing YDF, examined types of economic activities financed and their performance after accessing YDF and analysed the effect of YDF to youth capital, employment and income. The study used the descriptive survey research design and approached 93 respondents, who were sampled by purposive and stratified sampling technique. Data for the study were collected by questionnaire, interview, and documentary literature review. Data were analysed through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Types of economic activities financed by YDF through groups included motorcycle taxies ‘bodaboda taxis’, hand craft, VICOBA, tailoring and crafting and selling processed lemongrass. Also, discusses the performance of economic activities. The study found YDF has contributed to the increase of capital among groups from 8,435,714TSHS to 12,435,714TSHS in average, has increased profit from 851,429TSHS to 1,174,286TSHS in average, and while employment opportunities created has increased from 3 youth to 8 youth at group level from group activities. The findings show that YDF has generated employment at individual level by 19%, income has increased by 8% after engaging in economic activities financed by YDF and capital at individual economic activity level has increased by 98%. The study recommends the Municipal council to provide YDF to both groups having existing economic activity and those who have no any activity. The study concludes that the YDF offered to youth have assisted youth groups particularly in expanding their economic activities and starting individual’ economic activities.
Analysis of the factors influencing child labour in tobacco farming: A Case of Urambo District
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Daimon, Benedicto
This study identifies and examines socio-economic factors, which influence child labour in tobacco farming. The study is based on the field survey conducted in Urambo District. Logistic regression modeling was used on a sample of 253 households to determine the influence of education level of parent household, household meals per day, gender, distance from home to school and family parenthood type on children participation in tobacco farming. The study found that the parent’s primary education and secondary education level, number of meals taken per day are strongly significant at 5%, 1%, 5% respectively and positive determinant of child labour in tobacco farming in the district. However, university/college education of parent household, gender and distance from home to school were not significant factors. Moreover, the outcomes of Odd ratio to be greater than one (1) give us some important indications about the future prospects of children participation in tobacco farming. Since the odd ratio of the variables one meal and two meals per day (indication of family wealth) are 6 and 2 respectively are greater than 1 then the odds of not participating in tobacco farming are greater per unit increase in meals taken. Thus, the children living in more wealthy families (three meals per day) are less likely to participate in tobacco farming. Since education odd ratio is less than 1 then the odds of experiencing the characteristic of children participation in tobacco farming is lower for children whose parents have high education level. Based on the findings, the study provides policy recommendations to address the problem of child labour in the area and in other areas facing similar problems.
Agricultural financing initiatives in developing countries: Can microfinance fill The gap? The case of Iringa Rural district, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Munuo, Catherine
Developing country, are suffering from financial shortage in almost all economic sectors particularly in agriculture sector. The initiatives done by the government and different donor agency to finance the farmers have not been able to cover the costs associated with agricultural activities to farmers. As the result farmers continue using tradition farming and depend on informal financial institutions to cover up their financial costs (Wenner, 2010).The informal institutions charge very high interests and often do not meet the needs of the farmers. For this case, microfinance is considered as noble substitute for informal credit and therefore regarded as a powerful instrument for poverty alleviation among the farmers who are economically active but financially constrained (Murdoch & Haley, 2002). This study presents an empirical investigation on this considerable effect of microfinance toward agriculture financial predicament. The general question that guided the study was “Can microfinance fill agriculture financial gap in developing countries" with a particular focus to Iringa rural district in Tanzania. Cross- sectional, primary data from a sample of 188 farmers was analyzed using the binary logistic regression techniques, to see if microfinance can fill agriculture financial gap or not. The study shows that; 17% of the farmers depend on informal institution and those who depend on microfinance are only 9%. The supply of microfinance credit to the farmers is very limited and it’s only 27% of the respondent, who were able to receive the same amount they applied for. Furthermore its only 41% of the whole farmers who managed to finance their agriculture cost. The odds ratio in favour of scale of the farm increases the possibility of covering financial gap as the scale of the farm decreases. Government subsidies have negative impact on possibility of microfinance to fill the financial gap where as microfinance awareness has positive influence on the possibility of microfinance to fill the gap. This study therefore contributes to the understanding of the current situation regarding agriculture finance and fills the unknown knowledge of microfinance contribution toward agriculture financing gap.
East Africa Community (EAC) non-tariff barriers and their effects on Tanzanian small and medium agro enterprises cross border trade
(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Mkuna, Eliaza
This study was done to assess the East Africa Community (EAC) Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) and their effects on Tanzanian small and medium agro enterprises (SMAEs) engaged in EAC cross border trade. Specific objectives were; to describe the structure and characteristics of Tanzanian SMAEs; to examine determinants of Tanzanian SMAEs engagement in EAC cross border trade, to identify NTBs that affect Tanzanian SMAE’s engaged in the EAC cross Border trade; and, to analyze the effect of identified NTBs on Tanzanian SMAEs trading in the EAC cross border trade. Both secondary and primary data were collected from Arusha, Mwanza, and Kagera. The number of respondents who comprised owners of SMAEs was 105 for those who were trading locally within the country, and 105 for those who were engaged in the EAC cross border trade. Agricultural goods selected were maize, beans and rice as major crops traded within the EAC region. Descriptive Statistics and Binary Logistic linear regression model were used to examine determinants and characteristics of Tanzania SMAEs engaged in EAC cross border trade. Costs and Benefit Analysis method was used to ascertain the projected Net Present Value between exporting agricultural products to EAC countries and trading similar products within the country , and to analyze the effect of NTBs. The results indicate that SMAEs engaged in EAC cross border trade are affected by 26 % of additional transport costs resulting from NTBs. However, there are potential benefits to be earned by SMAEs engaged in cross border trade if NTBs are reduced. Major recommendations are as follows; i) Government and private institutions should decentralize to help in registering and monitoring Agribusiness sector at regional and district level and help to abolish NTBs ii) Increase the pace of harmonizing the trading procedures and policies in the EAC region to assist in smoothing trade activities
Contribution of own sources revenue collections to implementation of development projects in Dar Es Salaam Municipal councils: 2003(I) – 2012(Iv)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Masogo, Masore M.
This study was based on the contibution of ownsources revenue collection to the implementation of development projects in Dar es salaam Municipal Councils (Ilala, Temeke and Kinondoni). Councils revenue collection and expenditure time series secondary data from 2003 to 2012 collected quarterly were used, where by Ordinary Least square method was used to estimate the model. Overall results by using F-test shows p(0.0000) and it is statistically significant by 1%, this implies ownsources revenue collections have an impact on implementation of development projects in Dar es salaam municipal councils. Despite of that significancy, still there was some variable which did not satisfy all conditions of significance. Variable like funds collected from sales of municipal properties did not show linear relationship to implementation of development projects, but all the remaining variables were statisticaly significant and linearly related to implementation of development projects in Dar es salaam municipal councils. These result will help decision makers to make appropriate policies and decision on how to emphasize and concetrate more on ownsources revenue collection. This also will help many Local Government Authorities to identify more sources of income which can rise their revenue and set a clear demarcation of some amount of funds to be spent for implementation of development projects, rather than spent on everyday expences (Recurrent expenditures).

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