Dissertations (Masters)-BA-SOB

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A nalysis of consumer choice based attributes of rice in the market: A case of Morogoro urban market
(Mzumbe University, 2017) Lauwo, Godfrey Ephraim
In a globalized markets were most individuals are employed and level of income is high due to rapid growth of industrialization and urbanization food market are more complex and competitive where consumer have more power to demand for specific attributes in terms of health, safety and quality of the food. The major challenge is to produce appropriate and affordable rice which suits the preference of its people. The main aim of the study was to analyze factors influencing consumer choice on rice product attributes in Morogoro urban. Also the specific objectives are to describe rice consumers socio-economic characteristics, to identify important attributes considered by consumer and to determine the factors influencing perception of decision to purchase rice in the study area. Primary data was collected from three urban markets of Mawenzi, Mwembesongo and Boma in Morogoro municipal and a cross -sectional study design was applied due to limited resources. A sample of 120 consumers and retailers residing from three wards of Morogoro Municipal were randomly selected. Also 6 individuals were purposively selected for key informant interview who were used for obtaining information about rice market in the study area. Data analysis was conducted by using Statistical package for social science (SPSS) and Stata software using factor analysis and multinomial logit regression. The results from the study obtained from factor analysis model showed that aroma, taste and cohesion loads higher in component one and grain and texture loads higher in component two as these are the main attributes which consumer considers when purchasing rice product in the market. Also results of marginal effect obtained after multinomial logit for Mbeya rice shows that age, income and sex are significant while for rice attributes aroma taste and cohesion are significant. Likewise for Morogoro rice the results shows that sex and age are significant and for rice attributes aroma and taste are significant. Similarly for Shinyanga rice the results revealed that sex and income are significant and for rice attributes grain and cohesion are significant. This will help to increase the supply of rice product and decrease the loss occurred in the rice value chain from the producer to the retailer. It is recommended that, local markets and shops in Morogoro urban should sell rice with better taste since it is highly demanded by most consumers compared to other attributes
Actors hindering tax compliance of traders in Tanzania: A case of Mwanza City council
(Mzumbe University, 2017) Mafuru, Julius Ruguli
This study aimed at assessing the Factors Hindering Tax Compliance of Traders in Tanzania with reference to Mwanza City Council. The main objective was achieved with the following specific objectives which were to identify tax challenges facing Traders to register themselves with tax laws, To examine the obstacles facing Traders in collecting 18% as VAT from their customers, determination of factors making Traders to become reluctant in using EFD Machines, and also to investigate whether all eligible traders are actually registered in tax system. However, the study also examined the issue of tax evasion and tax avoidance for traders as well as the possible solution to control tax evasion and tax avoidance so as to create voluntary tax compliance for small and medium entrepreneurs. The study used questionnaire, interviews and relevant documents in collecting primary and secondary data. The study found that tax compliance in Mwanza City Council of Mwanza Region has been facing a combination of challenges (problems) such as: misunderstanding of the public in general and the business community in particular regarding the tax laws. It was further noted that there was resistance against registrations for VAT and other taxes by some traders. Moreover, it was found that some traders provide understated financial statements, while others do not issue electronic tax invoices or issue illegal invoices. It is thus concluded that there are various problems in the administration of tax laws in Mwanza City. On the basis of these findings, the study recommends that the authority should train the taxpayers about the rules and regulations of tax laws continuously and recruit new employees
Agricultural market information accessibility and contribution to economic development of small scale farmers in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2014) Elly, Nickson
Agriculture is the foundation of Tanzanian economy, which accounts for more than one-quarter of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs about 80% of the work force. Despite this strategic importance, agriculture in Tanzania faces a number of challenges, one of such challenges being limited market access, largely attributed to lack of access and use of market information by commodity chain actors, farmers being the most disadvantaged group. A study was conducted with an aim to assess the accessibility and contribution of agricultural marketing information to the income of small scale farmers in Tanzania. The agricultural marketing information referred during this study are information on prices for the produce cultivated, information of traders who need farm crops (demand information), information on agricultural loan and information about extension services A sample of 215 farmers from three villages which are Nyandira in Mvomero district of Morogoro region, Kinole village in Morogoro rural district of Morogoro region and Kibaigwa in Kongwa district of Dodoma region were used during this study. These farmers were categorized in three groups basing on the locations and crops produced which are vegetables, fruits and cereals. Secondary data was collected through documentary review while primary data was collected using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. Data from questionnaire was coded and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS). Generally the findings from the study indicate that agricultural marketing information are less accessible to farmers, 51.8% of the sample shown that they poorly access agricultural marketing information. Assessing accessibility of agricultural marketing information basing on location and among producers of vegetable, fruits and cereals, findings of the study indicate that there is a significance difference in accessibility of agricultural marketing information among farmers who are located in different areas. Generally results of the study indicate that farmers who have access to agricultural marketing information have been increasing the production and sales volume of the crops but also selling their crops at relatively higher price. Findings shows that access to agricultural marketing information contribute to the increase of income for farmers. Findings show that agricultural marketing information is a requirement for farmers in the village, in order to improve accessibility of this information to farmers, the government and private sector need to introduce, sensitize and promoted Market information systems in villages where farmers live.
An analysis of factors which contribute to loan delinquency among small and medium enterprises: The case of National Microfinance Bank PLC
(Mzumbe University, 2014) Malundila, Farida Msham
This study investigated factors which contribute to loan delinquency among small and medium micro enterprises financial institutions in Tanzania. National Microfinance Bank (NMB) was a case study. The data for the study were collected from 35 clients of NMB who received loans from the bank. In addition, 18 NMB staff working in the credits departments provided information on specific aspects deemed important for the study. Two sets of questionnaires were constructed one set for clients and other for NMB staff working in loan department. The collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12.0. Frequencies and their corresponding percentages were used to detect patterns of attributes of interest in the study. The Chi-square test of independence of variables was used to ascertain the independence of key variables. It is revealed that the most common borrowers from the bank are those aged between 30-40 years (60%) and employed in the informal sector (60%). It is revealed further that use of loan proceeds contrary to loan agreement is a major factor for loan delinquency among borrowers. Those who reported using their loan proceeds outside the agreement were more likely to delay payment of their loan installments in due course (P<0.001). NMB often attach more importance to loan screening than to monitoring the use of credit. Proper documentation on customers’ files is done and use of strong collateral which means collateral must be of high value than a loan given to customer. It is recommended that in order to achieve a significant reduction in loan delinquency, the bank’s screening process particularly with regards to the nature of business, likely returns to the business, other sources of income to finance social or unforeseen events that are likely to interfere the development of the business.
An assesment of challenges contributing to poor performance of small and medium contractors in Tanzania: a case study of Lindi region
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Ndulane, Francis
This paper assessed the challenges facing small and medium civil contractor in Lindi region. The study used a case study design for methodology. It utilized both primary data and secondary data. Data were analyzed in both qualitative and quantitative methods. The overall findings indicates that, due to the combination of factors such as poor tendering applications whereby frequently the small and medium contractors place their tender at a lower rate/amounts of money and after being awarded, poor management and supervisory skills. The study has identified a number of factors that affects performance of small and medium civil contractor in Lindi region, among them; poor financial and technical capabilities; fraudulent practices, lack of coordination between designers and contractors and; poor monitoring and feedback are ranked as the first three factors that affected Small Civil Contractors. In addition, lack of training on quality for staff, lack of management leadership and lack of previous experience of contractor were also identified as factors related to contractors as the most critically ranked factors. It is therefore recommended that policy makers, researchers and practitioners look at improving the human resource base through continuous professional and skill development. In response to the poor performance of small and medium civil contractors in Lindi region, evaluating the performance is particularly important especially in Tanzania where construction works are largely manual.
An assessment of airline industry in Tanzania, potential opportunities and challenges : A case of Precision air.
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Makubo, Fiona
This study investigated the assessment of the airline industry in Tanzania: potential opportunities and challenges a case of Precision Air. The study was guided by three questions and specific objectives namely; to find out the challenges which face Precision Air in its operations, to identify potential opportunities which are available in the country for Precision Air, to determine measures to overcome challenges facing the airline industry operations. The specific research questions includes what are the challenges which face the Precision Air in its operations?, what are the potential opportunities which are available in the country for Precision Air?, what are the possible measures to overcome the challenges facing the airline operations?. The study was conducted in Mwanza and Dar-es-Salaam based Precision Airline offices. A sample of 100 employees (respondents) was used in this study. Simple random sampling as probability sampling was used. Data were collected using questionnaire documentary review. Statistical packages for social sciences were employed in the data analysis to obtain the frequencies and percentage of the findings. It was found out that, there are a number of challenges facing the airline industry which includes maintenance costs, financial difficulties, increase in fuel price, taxes, currency fluctuation, poor infrastructure, lack of airports, and lack of skilled labour. The potential opportunities which are available in the country for the growth of the airline industry are the vast population coverage of the country, rapid growing sectors such as tourism industry, natural gas, expansion of terminals, and venture to new destinations. The measures which can overcome challenges facing the airline industry operations are training the airline employees, reduce bureaucracy, increase inter airline meetings, having stable electricity supply, reduce fuel costs, improve management system and hiring skilled personnel. It was concluded that, regardless of the importance of the sector in the development of the country, there are number of challenges and opportunities. It was recommended that training would help airline employees, ensuring man power retention, and offering of scholarships to Tanzanians in the aviation sectors.
An assessment of effectiveness of outsourcing services in quality service delivery in public sector : A case of Tanzania electric supply company limited, Tanga.
(Mzumbe University, 2014) Mgweno, Zua
This research titled “assessment of the effectiveness of outsourcing services in quality service delivery in public sectors. The study was carried out at Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited, Tanga Region. The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of outsourcing services in quality service delivery in Public Sectors. Mostly public institutions outsourced their services which seems to be noncore activities, in order to concentrate to core activities pertaining to their institution and giving non core activities to be performed by specialized suppliers/service providers, who will perform better and at low cost. Though Public sectors have outsourced their non core activities to be performed by specialized suppliers/service providers but some of them have / have not performed as intended for the purposes of providing quality services and this has led a lot of problem to the institutions. Government and other stakeholder put emphasis the effective usage of government fund for the purpose of maintaining or providing quality services to the general public and value for money spend. The idea behind public sector reform at 1990’s was to ensure government resources are used prudently while the Government and public sector concentrate more on provision of core services and enlighten their burden. This study draws attention to two significant areas; how effective are outsourced services, in the overall paradigm of quality services delivery in public sector but on the other hand, it underpins the primary objective of the government to ensure quality delivering of outsourced services through stringent mechanism of evaluation and systematic performance measures. The researcher really hopes that output from this study shall be of practical use to TANESCO, Tanga Region.
An assessment of human resource effectiveness in the hospitality industry of Mbeya region:A case of two selected hotels in Mbeya city
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mwakipesile, Sekela J.
The underlying thesis of this study is the recognition that hotels, just as is the case in all the other subsectors of the wider tourism industry, require adequate competent and high performing personnel capable of sustaining high performance levels for a long period for them to satisfy the expectations of their customers (to be effective). And once the competent (knowledgeable and skilled) personnel have been identified and recruited, the leadership of hotels needs to help the workers to adopt to their hospitality work and to ensure that their skills and knowledge are kept updated through the use of effective human resource management practices such as professional development and staff motivation. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of employees at two hotels in Mbeya city. Using the multiple-case study design within the qualitative research paradigm, the study had initially planned to use multiple data collecting methods to collect data from the selected hotels. However, due to the problem that for the three of the five hotels research consent had been refused, whereas for the other two (JM and ML) access was so restricted, only the questionnaire method was used to collect data. The data were collected from 38 respondents drawn from all departments to enhance validity. The study established that the human resource capacity of the two hotels is very low and therefore, it is ineffective. The study further established that the ineffectiveness in the human resource capacity of the two hotels originates from ineffective human resource management practices employed by the leadership of the two hotels. It is therefore recommended that, hotel owners should not take staff training as a cost to their organization; they need to train employees in order to equip them with proper skills and knowledge for them to be competent in the industry. Owners of hotels should take employees as assets because this industry it‟s all about people serving people, and it takes a happy and motivated employee to make a happy customer.
An assessment of impact of socio-economic factors on SMEs’ capital struture decision in Tanzania : A case of Morogoro municipal council
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Kilangi, Oscar
Deciding the suitable capital structure for small and medium size enterprises, SMEs, is vital. Sometimes the decision is affected by socio decision factors that constitute entrepreneur profile and firm and financial attributes. A suitable capital structure helps SMEs to stay alive in the competitive market and has a positive effect on the national economy. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the impact of the socioeconomic factors on SMEs‟ capital structure decisions. The researcher consulted the relevant theories of capital structure. By the support of the earlier studies, as well as the related theories and developed the testable hypotheses. Tools used in data collection were; questionnaires (open and closed), interview and documentary review. Specific objectives were to: assess the capital structure and capital structure decision of SMEs, examine the factors that affect SMEs‟ capital structure decision; and assess the impact of the SMEs‟ capital structure decisions on financial performance using a total of 110 respondents from four wards of Morogoro municipality in Morogoro region. Data were analyzed by using SPSS to ensure accuracy in data presentation and easy interpretation. Findings of this study revealed that there are several impacts of microeconomics factors resulting from entrepreneur’s profile and SME‟ characteristics on capital structure decision and financial performance. Thus, SMEs‟ capital structure decisions and financial performance were affected by the socioeconomic factors which mostly have impacts on SMEs leverage levels are different in terms of magnitude but little in direction. The study recommends that SMEs owners/managers should be investment ready by providing collateral's, the government could support the education and training and SMEs should attend seminars and training programmed to improve on their managerial competence and skills of entrepreneurship. In addition to that, the government should also establish a mechanism that will help SMEs to get debt finance even if they do not have collateral to improve and reach optimal capital structure decision and highly financial performance
An assessment of members satisfaction with the credit services offered by employee based SACCO'S in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Rashid Said. K.
This master dissertation was sought to find whether the SACCOS members are really satisfied with quality of credit services offered by employees based SACCOS in Tanzania. Specifically to determine the perceptions of the SACCOS members toward the credit service offered by their institution, assessing the level of members' satisfaction with credit service quality offered by SACCOS and determining the best attributes dimensions in the SERVIQUAL model to members satisfaction. Methodology– The study was quantitative and used Cross-sectional design in the collection of data from the respondents, using structured questionnaires to 120 samples out of 352 total RUTESCO members; in which (116) 96.67% were found to be suitable for analysis. The questionnaires were developed from generic SERVQUAL instrument made up by 22 items and the main analysis was based through the model. The questionnaires were distributed using a convenience sampling technique to respondents. Findings:- The study showed that, the general perceptions of the members toward credit Service quality is high about (5.595) out 7 maximum possible score, this value indicates that SACCOS is doing good to fulfill the wants/expections of the members in credit delivering service. The Overall perceived credit service quality attained by members from their institution is good about 5.4741 out of 7 maximum score and this value indicates 78.20% satisfaction index attained by the members when contacting with the institution; findings also revealed that Responsiveness and Reliability are the best attributes of overall perceived credit quality to RUTESCO members. Furthermore about 89.6% of respondents still need the workplace SACCOS. Research implications:- Theoretically, the study implies that the SERVQUAL model is the best tool to use in understanding and measuring members satisfaction for credit delivering service in SACCOS as Microfinance institution. Practically the study imply that, RUTESCO is providing the satisfactory level of credit service quality demanded by their members. The findings suggest that RUTESCO need some major and minor improvements on Tangibles, assurance and empathy sub dimensions items found with negative gap (s) from the gap score analysis carried.
An assessment of the contribution of customer relationship management on bank performance the case of people’s Bank of Zanzibar limited
(Mzumbe University, 2014) Abdalla, Zainab.S
Customers are the focal point in the development of successful marketing strategy. Marketing strategies both influence and are influenced by consumers’ affect and cognition, behaviour and environment. In the banking field a unique ‘Relationship’ exists between the customers and the bank. But because of various reasons and apprehensions like financial burdens, risk of failure, marketing inertia etc., many banks are still following the traditional ways of marketing and only few banks are making attempts to adapt CRM. It is with this background, the researcher has made a modest attempt towards the idea that CRM can be adapted uniformly in the banking industry for betterment of Banking Services. The general objective of this study is to assess the contribution of customer relationship management on PBZ performance and specific objectives are to determine if the CRM has any impact on customer loyalty, to find out the extent in which the service provided leads to customer satisfaction in PBZ and to offer pertinent suggestions based on the findings. The study covers the sample of 45 respondents who were the customers of PBZ and 5 officers from the banks including the IT manager, the customer service department, the marketing manager and accountant. The primary and secondary data were collected and analysed using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) and presented in tabular form, chart and graph. The major results showed that there is direct positive relationship between the quality of service offered and customer satisfaction and there is direct positive relationship between CRM programmes of PBZ on customer’s loyalty. The study also showed that there is a significant improvement in bank performance and it was recommended that organizations should understand that CRM is an inevitable tool of marketing that can be considered as Critical Responsibility of Market with regard to Banks in present context. Keywords: Customer Relationship Management, customer loyalty, performance and customer satisfaction.
An assessment of the impact of integrated Logistics system of healthcare commodities on customer satisfaction in Tanzanian health system: A case of primary healthcare facilities in Ilemela Municipal Council, Mwanza Region
(Mzumbe University, 2014) Eric, Shoo Ainea
Logistics services performance quality is critical in any supply chain. Two service delivery elements are marketing customer service and physical distribution service; these elements are used to measure the logistics services performance because of their logistics activities (Mentzer et al 2001). The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of integrated logistics system (ILS) of healthcare commodities on customer satisfaction in Tanzania Health system; a case of primary healthcare facilities in Ilemela District, Mwanza region. This study was guided by five objectives: (i) to assess the level of customer satisfaction of current logistics management of healthcare commodities in Ilemela District, Mwanza Region, (ii) to assess the extent to which integrated logistics system meets customers‘ (Dispensaries & Health Centres) requirements in Ilemela District of Mwanza region, (iii) to identify challenges associated with running of integrated logistics system in Ilemela District of Mwanza Region, (iv) to determine how information technology within integrated Logistics system affect customer order accuracy and order efficiency, discrepancy and flexibility and (v) to identify areas for improvement of integrated logistics system within Medical Store Department (MSD). A descriptive research design which incorporated quantitative and qualitative approaches was adopted to investigate the research problem. A survey of 81 healthcare workers at healthcare facilities was carried out in Ilemela Municipal Council using selfadministered questionnaire. In addition interviews were used with selected healthcare workers. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics whereby SPSS package version 17.0 was used to analyse data. The study revealed that customers (healthcare facilities) were unsatisfied with service performance of ILS within MSD on all its performance activities; ILS was noted to be also mostly inefficient in its distribution and delivery function to healthcare facilities. The study findings also showed that ILS was not meeting customers‘ requirement in the supply of medicines and medical supplies especially informing customers on new supplies and having full supply of needed medical commodities.
An assessment of the role of social media networks as a new marketing tool in Telecommunication companies: A case study of Zantel
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Sechonge, Ally Salehe
Social media network has recently become an important aspect for communicating within the society, whereby most of entrepreneurs, traders and telecom companies are using social networks as a new market tool for promoting their product. The research is intended to assess the role of social media networks as a new marketing tool in telecommunication companies. Questionnaires were employed to assess the role of social media networks in telecommunication companies. The research employed mixed approach, Qualitative and quantitative data was collected from the selected respondents. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling for the marketing officers and convenience sampling. Finally, both primary and secondary data was sorted, arranged and analyzed. During the study, researcher looked the trend of social media networks as a marketing tool in the country. Then, the researcher established relationship between the roles of social networks and marketing Based on the findings, the researcher also identified gaps and roles of social media networks as a new marketing tool in telecommunication companies.
An assessment on services quality in social security schemes in Tanzania: A case study of NSSF –Tanga regional office
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Nguzo, Said K.
The research intended to investigate the service quality in social security scheme in Tanzania, whereby the objective of this study is to identify factors that affect service quality in social security schemes, to evaluate factors with significant contribution to customer satisfaction in service organization as well as to determine ways for improving service quality in social security schemes. The evaluation was done to determine service quality in social security scheme in Tanzania at NSSF Tanga regional office whereby the respondents who were NSSF Members, NSSF pensioners and NSSF workers responded that good customer services offered as one among the factors contributing to service quality in social security scheme. The target population of the research also involved both male and female who are NSSF members, NSSF workers and NSSF pensioners. A sample size of 50 was drawn. Simple random sampling method was adopted in selecting a sample size because it is based on the subjective judgment of the researcher, rather than random selection Also, the main instrument which was used in collecting data was questionnaire method since it keep large amount of information and relatively easy to analyze during data analysis. Education towards importance of pensions funds, should be increased so as to improve service quality provided by NSSF due to the fact that the fund could improve the service quality to its customers Furthermore, consideration of views and amend Act and modernization of social security system should be modified as a way of improving service quality among pensions funds in the country.
An assessment on the impact of motivation on employee performance in Tanzania: A case of Tanesco Tabora regional office
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Masalu, Telesphory
This research intended to assess the impact of motivation on employee performance in Tanzania. Therefore the objective of the study is to asses the impact of motivation on employee performance especially at Tanesco Tabora Regional office, to identify and describe motivation packages available in the study area as well as finding out how PDP Bonuses influencing employees performance in the study area. The study on the impact of motivation on employees’ performance specifically at Tanesco Tabora Regional office revealed that, 10 (33%) of the respondents mentioned transport allowance as one among the motivation packages influencing them because such allowances assisted them in fulfilling their economic activities, while 12 of the respondents’ equivalent to (40%) said that they are given housing allowances to foster them to perform their work and the remaining 8 respondents’ equivalent to 27% respondents said that they have been awarded performance development programme (PDP) and encourage them to work hard. The target population of the research also involved both male and female who are employees’ of Tanesco Tabora regional office. A sample size of 30 was drawn. Convenience sampling and purposive sampling methods were adopted in selecting a sample size because it was easy to reach the respondents and based on the subjective judgment of the researcher. Furthermore, the main instrument which was used in collecting data was questionnaire method since it keep large amount of information and relatively easy to analyse during data analysis. Moreover, the study recommends that since motivation factors like attractive salary, training and good working environment to any employees is very essential, it is important for employers to value it because it motivates employees to perform their work hard with efficiency and effectiveness.
An assessment on the impact of training and development on employees’ performance at work: A case study of NSSF headquarters
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Said, Chiku Mohamed
The research intended to investigate the service quality in social security scheme in Tanzania, a case study of NSSF headquarters whereby the objective of this study is to assess the impact of training and development on employees performance, to identify the contribution of training and deveoping employees in their working areas as well as to find out other people-management activities that impact on perfomance apart from training and development in working places. The evaluation was done to determine investigate the impact of training and development on employees performance in their working place at NSSF headquarters whereby the respondents who were NSSF workers responded. The research is based on a questionnaire where 65 respondents are taken as sample size. Each variable employee performance and Training and development whereas, the data was tested on SPSS to analyze the relationship between two variables and Descriptive Statistics were used to evaluate the results of respondents. The results of the study analysis signify that there is a positive and significant relationship between training and development and employee performance in context of NSSF employees. The study emphasizes on a transparent process for employee performance evaluation. Also, the training and development process should be quantitative and effective. It was concluded that, management activities that have impact on training and development; trainings are important as it influence employees‟ performance other than any other type of motivation. In this perspective, leaders of organizations particulary the case study organiations must employ several strategies to influence more training to employees.
An examination of local government authorities measures on curruptipon reduction: The case of Babati district council, Manyara region
(Mzumbe University, 2014) Mashauri, Elisante
Based upon the literature review, local government authorities (LGAs) of Tanzania are prime locus of corruption despite existence of anti corruption measures. But to what extent LGAs’ anti corruption measures are enhanced is still unknown. It is because of this knowledge gap that the researcher examined LGAs measures on corruption reduction by specifically focusing on the extent employees’ awareness, transparency, accountability, legal and disciplinary actions are enhanced in order to reduce corruptible acts in LGAs of Tanzania. The study was a survey and it was conducted in Babati district council. Data for the study were collected through questionnaire, documentary sources and interview. Population of the study was citizens and employees. The planed sample size was one hundred and thirty respondents aged eighteen years and above. The examination done revealed that first, awareness was disseminated to employees through leaflets, brochures and seminars; second, for the time being, there is openness on funds allocated for development projects, citizens are well informed about cost of the service as well as various procurement services; third, majority of employees have agreed functions, there is effective way of assessing performance, and employees at the village and ward level for the time being they do not really practice accountability; and last, there were three corruption case in the court of law from 2011 to 2013. However the study concluded that, the aforesaid anti corruption measures for the time being have not been effectively implemented into practice although, as per study findings, they help to reduce corruption. Last but not least, the study recommended more awareness and participation; openness on councils’ operations; all procedures, rules and regulations should be adhered to and there must be effective supervision particularly at the village and ward levels; accountability should be exercised and enforced; and employees should have the courage to monitor and secretly report corruption activities to his/her authority or to any other appropriate organ(s) and immediate actions should be taken to any employee found guilty of corruption offence.
An examination of factors of banking industry profitability: A case of Commercial Banks in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Sinda, Deusdedit
The banking industry is one of the significant sectors of the financial system in most countries. Banks play a crucial role of promoting the growth of an economy by mobilizing savings and using the mobilized savings in financing the most productive sectors of the economy. As such, commercial banks are important to the financial sector. The performance of a bank is usually measured by its profitability levels, which is essential to shareholders, customers as well as for the bank’s continued survival and expansion. The aim of this study was to establish factors of banking industry profitability; a case of Tanzanian banks, using the CAMEL Framework approach. The study specifically investigated the determinants of banks’ profitability, and identifying the correlation between the variables in the CAMEL Framework and how they influence banks’ profitability (ROA). The study analysed and compared the profitability performance of two Tanzanian banks, CRDB Bank Plc and NMB Bank Plc over a period of seven years from 2011 to 2017. The methodology and procedure for data collection employed in the field were based on qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The study used a regression model to establish relationships between the dependent variable and the independent variables which include capital adequacy, assets quality, operational efficiency, earnings and liquidity The ratios used include the following: Return on Assets (ROA) which has been taken to represent profitability, the Capital Adequacy Ratio CAR, Assets Quality Ratio which is represented by the ratio of non-Performing Loans, Management Quality which has been measured by the level of operating expenses used in achieving the operating income of the bank, and the Earnings Ratio as measured by NIM, which is Net interest income to Average earning assets. From the regression analysis, the results show that OER is significant and has a positive influence on the bank’s profitability for both CRDB and NMB banks, while LDR and NIM were observed to have significant influence on the profitability of CRDB Bank. On the other hand NPL and CAR had a significant influence on the profitability of NMB bank.
An examination of the determinants of interest rate spread in commercial banks, evidence from Tanzania Commercial Banks
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Mbiru, Athuman
This research examines the determinants of IRS in commercial banks in Tanzania from a period of 2000-2017. The study used Stata econometric software to analyze panel data extracted from commercial banks annual statements, Bank of Tanzania reports and World Bank indicator data. The analysis employed the Ho and Saunders (1981) pure interest spread concept where by the analysis involved two step procedures to estimate the bank specific determinants and macro-economic determinants respectively. The Hausman test signified fixed effect model was suitable model for first step regression on determining the effects of bank specific determinants and Random effect model to be appropriate model for second step regression in accessing the power of macro-economic factors on IRS. The results observe that banks operational costs ratio and banks size are the banks specific factors that affect IRS in Tanzanian commercial banks. The study also observe GDP growth rate and Reserve requirement ration to be the macro-economic factors which significantly influence IRS in Tanzania. However the bank specific variables appear to be more suggesting factors that determine IRS in Tanzania commercial banks in comparison with macroeconomic factors, this were identified by showing high coefficient value that significantly affect IRS in Tanzania commercial banks. The study conclude that smaller banks are undermined by large banks with high technology and high capital base hence high cost in managing their operation but still compete with large banks by charging low lending rate and lead to their perishing. The study recommends stabilized policies to be employed by the Government and Regulating bodies to ensure growth of small and medium banks to enable them to penetrate market and break supremacy by the large banks.
An examination of the effect of loan interest rates to smes’ performance and growth in Tanga City: A case of vision fund Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Msangula, Leah Yesaya
This study was carried out to examine effect of loan interest rates on SMEs‟ performance and growth with focus to customers who receives Vision Funds‟ loan services Tanga branch. Data for the study was collected from 83 respondents using structured questionnaire. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze the data. The result of the study has revealed loan interest rates to have effect on SMEs‟ performance and growth; which is presented by majority 68.7 percent who had yes response. This particular response is further supported by 44.6 percent who reported to experience slow growth of business capital and 39.8 percent who responded to have continued operating on less profit respectively. However, a slow growth of business capital is explained as the decision of loan seeker opting to take small loan amount from the fear of paying more money charged on interest rate. Nevertheless, price fluctuation, business seasonality and economic hardship were emerged other factors challenged their business performance. Analysis has revealed growth of business capital, creation of business assets and increase of income. This improvement has been an opportunity to open up new business which is observed by 47 percent. Moreover, an experience of 13 years in microfinance services, the charged interest rate has been relatively high compared to other loan providers and no change (36 percent annually has been maintained) is being effected despite the need to improve loan services. All in all, however, loans services remains facilitative to business operation as it open up opportunities/doors for self employment. Loan services have been helpful. Business capital has increased, new businesses were established, and foremost, the capacity to attain social and economic services provision to families has improved. It was learnt that, clients have had receiving multiple loans (loaning among institutions) where it was so challenging in paying back the granted loan. Therefore, a similar study should be undertaken in other areas to ascertain the extent of applicability of the findings of this study.

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