Business Administration

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    Access to bank credit by smallholder farmers in Tanzania: challenges, opportunities and prospects: A case of Mvomero district,
    (Mzumbe University, 2015) Madafu, Elias G
    Tanzania like many other developing countries highly depends on agriculture for income generation and job creation for her citizens. Owing to the sector being highly dominated by smallholder farmers, lack of finance remains the leading obstacle and yet banks – the major supplier of finance are quoted to be the least suppliers of finance to farmers despite capital adequacy and ability to lend to smallholder farmers at lower interest rates compared to other suppliers. This study therefore aimed at determining factors that affect access to bank credit by smallholder farmers; analyzing the influence of access to bank credit on the performance of smallholder farmers; examining obstacles encountered by smallholder farmers in raising bank finance and finally assessing perceptions of banks towards lending to smallholder farmers in Tanzania. Methodologically, both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were utilized in the study. Data from 162 smallholder farmers in Mvomero Districts and 3 banks operating in Morogoro region was collected and used in examining accessibility of bank credit to smallholder farmers, while descriptive statistics and the Logit regression model were employed for analysis. The Logit regression model was particularly utilized to determine factors that affect smallholder farmers‟ access to bank credit while descriptive statistics were used to analyze the obstacles and influence of access to bank credit on smallholder farmers‟ performance. The study revealed that the value of assets invested in farming activities and education were significant factors affecting smallholder farmers‟ access to bank credit and; lack of collaterals, vital bank information, proximity to banks and high interest rates were some among the major obstacles hindering smallholder farmers‟ accessibility to bank credit. Further still, access to bank credit was found to have a significant influence on the performance of smallholder farmers as it influenced both output and increase in annual returns. Among others, it was recommended that the government should establish a bank that will exclusively provide financial services to agriculturalists by establishing a credit guarantee scheme. It was also recommended that banks should develop new financial products that will cater for the needs of smallholder farmers.
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    Examining local government expenditures on entrepreneurship development in Tanzania: A case of Mbinga district.
    (Mzumbe University, 2020) Ntandu, Christopher Robert
    The government of Tanzania encourages the development of entrepreneurship differently; however, it seems it does not do well in the international context, therefore the study was aimed to examine local government expenditures on entrepreneurship development in v Tanzania: A case of Mbinga District. The study objective was to examine the role of local government expenditure in entrepreneurship development in Tanzania. The research employed both qualitative and quantitative methods to answer the research problem. The study involved 255 entrepreneurs and used a self-administered questionnaire to gather information from 10 wards out of 29 wards found in Mbinga District, a cross-sectional research design was used to obtain data. The data was managed through SPSS Version 20 and analyzed through STATA Version 14. The findings show that entrepreneur skills come from middle age (average age of 32) whereby the minimum age was 19 and the maximum was 59. Also, results show that the majority of entrepreneurs were from primary school, secondary school, college and technical school while only a few did not attend school and few attend university education. Moreover, the study concluded that social factors such as household’s size, education level, number of business and parent’s financial status were important social factors for entrepreneurship development, while forms of local government expenditure such as the business centres, roads services, licensing, taxation, entrepreneurship loan, and entrepreneurship training were also important forms for entrepreneurship development. The study recommended that the United Republic of Tanzania should ensure that prime working ages have the conducive environment of doing business by enabling them to access capital from various empowerment funds and other financial institutions, also the government should continue to provide education to the societies about family planning, which will reduce the household’s size, further to that there is need for local government to keep on improving schools’ infrastructure for motivating more people to join in the school, as well as to launch compulsory entrepreneurship syllabus for all level of education.
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    Staff turnover in health services in higher learning institutions in Tanzania
    (Mzumbe University, 2014) Nondoli, Hortensia
    The high turnover of staff is unhealthy for the smooth running of institutions since it affects the growth, profitability and customer satisfaction whenever it occurs in the workplace. However, some employers see the process of staff leaving and being replaced as a natural and inevitable feature of the industry. This study focused on establishing the factors associated with staff turnover in Health Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania. The study specifically focused on the main causes of and the ground realities of the problem of employee turnover on sustainable growth of the organization. This was a qualitative study which adopted descriptive survey research design. Data was collected through questionnaires and respondents were the 50 staff members from MUHAS the public institution and as well as 30 staff members from IMTU the private institution. The study revealed that, remuneration was the key factor in both institutions where the employees are leaving to secure new jobs with high salaries. Also poor working environment was sighted as factor causing staff turnover due to lack of social support, multitasking without incentives. Work interrelationship was also found to be a contributing factor due to lack of communication among staff themselves but even worse with the management. More so, staff development policy when the institution has no policy to train their staff since majority will prefer to leave their current job and go to other institution where there is policy for developing staff. But also for any organization to continue growing need to provide training to various staff members but this has been found to be lacking particularly in private institution and hence pointed out as a push factor. In addition, lack of academic promotion prospects was also found to be a push factor in the departure puzzle of staff. The study therefore recommended that, the management should improve the working conditions for the employees and finalize the proposed unit structure. Finally, the need to establish a promotion system that would motivate staff other than monetary remunerations was also recommended.
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    Service quality delivery and its impact on customer satisfaction in the bank services in Tanzania: The case of Moshi Uchumi Commercial Bank
    (Mzumbe University, 2015) Shanghali, John Wifred
    Service quality and customer satisfaction are very important concepts that companies must understand in order to remain competitive in business and hence grow. It is very important for companies to know how to measure these constructs from the consumers’ perspective in order to better understand their needs and hence satisfy them. Service quality is considered very important because it leads to higher customer satisfaction, profitability, reduced cost, customer loyalty and retention. Purpose – The main purpose of this study theoretically is finding the interrelationships between service quality delivery its impact on customer satisfaction and to I identify the usefulness of approved service quality models, when applied to banking sector in Tanzania and empirically, describe how consumers perceive service quality and whether they are satisfied with services offered by these Uchumi Commercial Bank. Design/methodology/approach – A self-completion questionnaire was developed from the SERVQUAL instrument and distributed using a Simple random sampling technique to customer of Uchumi Commercial Bank to determine their perceptions of service quality in Commercial Bank. Findings – From the analysis carried out, it was found out that, the SERVQUAL model was a good instrument to measure Bank service quality delivery in Tanzania context. Therefore, Bank Managers can use this instrument to assess the bank service quality in Tanzania. Research implications–Theoretically, from the findings; it implies that the SERVQUAL model is the best tool to use measure service quality in Commercial Bank. The findings suggest that Commercial Bank need to improve all the dimensions of service quality from the gap analysis carried out. Moreover because all the dimension of service quality are attributes are positively correlated with customer satisfaction, Tanzania bank managers should emphasize all the service quality dimension in maintain and improving the service quality that they provide. This study contributes to the already existing studies examining service quality in Commercial Bank using the SERVQUAL model and also provides empirical results that could guide management dealing with bank activities to take corrective actions that lead to growth in the company.
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    SMES growth challenges in Mwanza city: Evidence from food industry
    (Mzumbe University, 2015) Renatus, Deogratias
    Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Mwanza are very important to economic growth. They have a significant effect on employment and economy of the country. The enterprise structure is mainly dominated by micro enterprises and the growth intensity is steady but still at a low level. Since SMEs are important contributors to economic development, it is therefore relevant to study challenges hindering their potential growth. These challenges are looked from two different perspectives; external and internal challenges which have an impact on the growth of SMEs. This research is an evidence of four SMEs (FURAHA, NDIYO, KUKU POA and SIMBA) in food industry at Mwanza city, and together with previous literature a conclusion of internal and external challenges influencing their growth can be reached. The primary data was collected through both qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (questionnaire) approaches with operators of the selected SMEs. The data was analyzed by using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Specifically, descriptive statistics were taken from this tool. Descriptive analysis was used to reduce the data into a summary format by tabulation and measure of central tendency. The findings of the research reveal that there are a number of significant factors affecting SMEs growth. The major factors being financial and politico-legal factors followed by working premises, entrepreneurial factors, management, technological, marketing and infrastructural factors. They also speculate the reasons to why some of the SMEs in food industry grow while others do not. The study suggests that, The Bank of Tanzania should review the interest rates on loan because it seems to be very high; otherwise the government should find amicable solutions either to subsidize the SMEs with some sort of incentives. To make the selected SMEs competitive and profitable, increasing the capacity and skill of the operators through continuous trainings, experience sharing from successful enterprises, and provision of advice and consultancy are crucial. Moreover, improved provision of necessary infrastructure and enabling the environment for business operations is generally an imperative.
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    Service quality in tourist hotels in Tanzania: The case of Dar es Salaam
    (Mzumbe University, 2015) Mwijarubi, Mkama
    Tanzania’s hospitality industry has expanded rapidly in recent years, and is currently the leading source of foreign exchange earnings. However, tourist operators indicated a drop in cash flows up to 20%, with tourist cancellations of 30-50% for the season starting January 2009 (URT, 2009). Literature on the growth of the hotel industry in Tanzania tend to focus on macros, such as the sector's contribution to the GDP, statistics on tourists (international and local) and revenue growth. Least has been written about the fundamental issue of quality of service. Marketing appeals likewise almost singularly brand Tanzania as a vastness of tourism natural resources leaving a blind spot on quality of services to be expected. This vacuum has been vaguely filled with perceptions and associations. It is therefore important to find from the perspective of customers what attributes of quality in hotels contribute to customer satisfaction. Specifically, this study sought to know: (i) What attributes are the important in the perspective of customers in the hospitality industry? (ii) What attributes of the service from the perspective of customer can be categorized as threshold, performance and excitement? (iii) What do service providers in the hospitality industry perceive as important attributes of service. Data was collected and analysed based on Kano Model of classification of quality attributes of services. Findings show that customer regard professionalism and responsive of attendants higher and take fluency of English and friendliness as attractive attributes. Moreover, while many hotels lack emergency medical services, tourist customer think it is an important service. Service providers may get insight from this study and apply them to designing their service experience and focusing their investment.
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    Tanzania revenue authority tax audit units: does it promote voluntary tax compliance? A case of Mwanza tax region
    (Mzumbe University, 2014) Moshi, Cyril Emmanuel
    The collection of tax revenue from the public in low-income countries is very difficult because of low voluntary tax compliance (Coolidge 2010). Hence, tax revenue collection is costly, involving heavy enforcement measures such as use of fines, penalty and sometimes employing court brokers in collecting tax arrears. On ensuring effective and efficient tax collection Baurer (2005) believes that the tax audit services must provide an even playing field for business by ensuring that all taxpayers meet their tax filing and paying requirements. This study assess if tax audit units do promote voluntary tax compliance at Mwanza Tax Region (MTR). The sample size of 120 respondents was purposively selected from the list of taxpayers available at MTR. The study utilizes interview and questionnaire methods to obtain primary data from respondents. However, secondary data were obtained through use of documentary review such as published and unpublished reports of MTR. Descriptive analysis was conducted to enable the researcher to summarize the collected data and organize in a way that the researcher was able to answer the research questions. The use of different tools like tables, graphs and percentages or means will be utilized, also where necessary further analysis was conducted. The findings shows that tax audit unit do provide advanced rulings to explain tax consequences of the proposed transactions to taxpayers mean of 1.59; Tax audit units do assist taxpayers in detecting and deterring non-compliance for taxpayers mean of 1.61; The business enquiries addressed by business auditors to taxpayers the results shows mean of 1.66 which mean the statement has been agreed. The causes for non-compliance by taxpayers at Mwanza are; business activities are now very competitive hence low income so not paying tax gives relief; it’s better to take the risk as its minimal to be detected; the system of tax payment is unfair in all grounds e.g. tax rates, incentives and inequity; it requires too much time to complete tax returns, and the paid taxes are not used properly so not paying tax become an option all these factors scored the mean less than 1.5. tells us that the independent variables (tax audit unit services) can account for 10.2% (0.102) of reported sales. That is to say, in other words, only 10.2% of reported sales can be influenced by tax audit unit services. Therefore the study concluded that tax audit unit services have significance effect to the reported sales by tax payers. The β value is 0.035 which proves there low positive relation as the value of R 2
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    The role of financial statements in investment decision making: A case of Tanga port authority
    (Mzumbe University, 2015) Haji Nkuhi, Amina
    This study intended to investigate the role of financial statements in investment decision making. The study questions were to examine how financials aid investors in decision making, evaluate the performance of a company for investment decision making, and appraise the fundamental use of financial statement information. The approach was to work with the TPA and general public to achieve the set objectives. In summary, the approach and research methodologies involved; desk study to review current literatures; pilot study and the actual field research study. Data analysis was conducted on the basis of data collected. Explanatory analysis using Ms Excel, and SPSS were used. The findings show that financials are critical in investment decision making. Investors are confident with TPA financials. Majority of the respondents appeared to be knowledgeable with financial variables specifically, the gearing ratios, liquidity ratios and profitability ratios. TPA faces government interventions in financial reporting, and qualified audit reports. Conclusion was based on findings that investor need to get proper interpretations of financial reports, making consultations and get other none financial information in investment decision making. The study recommends; both females and males must be included in any study, need to use informed sample, encourage usage of financials in investment decision making, need for TPA to fully apply the IFRS principles in the preparation of its financials and investors to seek consultancy services in the use of financial reports to make investment decisions.
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    Influence of quality customer service management in employees satisfaction in public organization : A case of Sengerema district council – Mwanza
    (Mzumbe University, 2014) Anthony, Adrian
    This research aimed at assessing the influence of Quality Customer Service Management in Employees Satisfaction in Public Organization. The researcher conducted a survey study at Sengerema District Council to find out the elements of quality customer service management used in public organizations; the influence of quality service management on employee satisfaction, and to identify strategies used to improve quality customer service management in public organizations. The study employed a non-probability sampling mainly through qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The study further used survey method where data were collected through 25 administered questionnaires and reviewing some of the documents related to the study. The study reveals various weaknesses that can be termed as challenges of Quality Customer Service Management in Employees Satisfaction in Public Organization. These challenges includes poor knowledge of employees on quality customer services, lack of knowledge on who should exactly enforce quality customer service management in public organizations, the exact meaning of quality customer service management, characteristics of quality customer service management, creation of environment that can force customer to provide bribe to get services in public organizations, and finally ways that can be used to improve quality customer service management in public organizations. The study recommends that the Government should seek governance or hierarchical order which will include employees in decision making so that employees could identify their role on serving valuable customers. Public organization should apply customer centered method in their operations so as to satisfy customers that could bring good reputations to the Government. All factors that show dissatisfaction by employees to customers in public organizations should be reviewed by fulfilling the employees‟ needs to improve quality performance. Public organizations should arrange training on employees on customer service management and should enforce transparency, team work, and accountability among employees.
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    The influence of Serengeti national park ecosystem tourism on improvement of rural livelihood development: A case of Robanda village
    (Mzumbe University, 2015) Joseph, Victoria
    The study was about effectiveness of the influence of Serengeti national park ecosystem tourism on improvement of rural livelihood development in Serengeti district. Conducted at Robanda village in Serengeti district with the aim of achieving the following objectives; first, identifying the nature of Serengeti ecosystem services on local people; secondly to assess the influence of Serengeti ecosystem on rural livelihood development and the last objective was to identify ways to improve influence of Serengeti tourism on rural livelihood development. The study population involved households living in the selected village of Robanda, household living out of Robanda village and national park officers. The sample was obtained through simple random and purposive sampling techniques. The sample size for the study was eighty (80) respondents. Data are collected through primary and secondary, where primary data collection involved interview and questionnaire tools. Data are organized and presented using tables and charts. The analysis tool involved the use of frequencies and percentages. The study revealed that; first, types of Serengeti ecosystem services to local communities are employment opportunities, improvement of social services and establishment of social relations. Secondly the study found that influence of Serengeti ecosystem on rural livelihood development is very effective. Lastly the study found four ways of improving influence of Serengeti tourism on rural livelihood development, these are; education on tourism activities, infrastructure development, entrepreneurship skills on tourism sector and advertisement of Serengeti national park worldwide. In view of the above, the researcher recommends that; First, the government through ministry of wildlife and tourism should put more efforts in advertising Serengeti national park worldwide. Secondly, the government through ministry of infrastructure in collaboration with ministry of wildlife and tourism should make sure that all the infrastructures such as roads are constructed. Thirdly, government and other stakeholders should provide entrepreneurship skills to Robanda villagers so as to benefit the available opportunities on tourism sector. Fourthly, government should provide education to Robanda villagers on the importance of keeping the nature of Serengeti national park so that it may last longer.