School of Public Administration and Management (SOPAM)

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Selected topics in human resource management
(Mzumbe University, 2004) Gellejah, Sabina P.M.
Empowerment and Effectiveness of School Committees in Tanzania
(University of Bergen, 2010) Masue, Orest Sebastian
Empowerment of local communities and establishment of appropriate local level institutional frameworks have recently become important tenets for education management in the developing countries. Tanzania is also sailing on the same boat with other countries in that endeavour, where educational decision making powers have been conferred to the local levels. As of now, school committees have been empowered to take over the oversight and development roles in their respective schools. The study has been an attempt to assess the effectiveness of the primary school committees in Tanzania; focussing on two LGAs namely, the Morogoro Municipal Council (MMC) and Mvomero District Council (MVDC).Two primary schools (one from each LGA) were studied in detail to ascertain any significant differences between the urban and rural school committees with regard to capabilities and effectiveness in role accomplishment. The study approach was mainly qualitative, using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observation and documentary analysis. The study involved 32 purposefully selected informants, comprising of Education Officers from the two LGAs, Village and „Mtaa‟ Executive Officers, Head teachers, School Committee members, parents and pupils. Generally, it was found that majority (78%) of the two school committees members were primary school leavers or below, a phenomenon attributed to lack of interest of „the educated‟ to become members of school committees. While there was trivial difference between the rural and urban school in terms of committee members‟ understanding of their responsibilities, the committee members from the two committees were adequately informed about their roles. In addition, there was high consistency between the level of education and role accomplishment capabilities. That is, members with fairly high educational qualifications indicated that they were competent enough to accomplish their roles; while those who had low educational qualifications declared that they were not competent enough to accomplish most of the skill-demanding roles like planning and budgeting. Inadequacy of financial resources was pervasive in either case, constraining successful implementation of school development plans. On these grounds, therefore, my conclusion is that not outstanding but impressive achievements have so far been accrued regarding the empowerment and effectiveness of the school committees. However, attainment of the real school committee empowerment and effectiveness calls for enduring and comprehensive capacity building efforts by multiple agents (the Government, NGOs, CSOs, Media, CBOs etc.) to develop knowledge, skills and financial resource bases at the local levels; and also create awareness to the people on the importance of their participation in educational decision making processes.
Analysis of quality service factors and passengers’ satisfaction at bus terminals in Dar es Salaam and Morogoro regions - Tanzania,
(Mzumbe University, 2011) Lushakuzi,Simon Shaban
This research was conducted in Dar es Salaam city at Ubungo bus terminal (UBT) and in Morogoro municipality at Msamvu bus terminal (MBT). The main objective of the research was to analyse relationship between quality of services as measured by reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and conduciveness of materials on the one hand and passengers‟ satisfaction at bus terminals in Tanzania, on the other. This research focused on passengers at bus terminals who were thought to be forgotten in the sense that there exist low standard terminal services for them. Literature review focuses on key concepts, service quality and diverse service quality models including servqual, servperf, serviscape and servuction. A case study design was adopted, with a sample of one hundred and thirty one (131) respondents. Primary and secondary data collected were tested and found to be fit, reliable and valid for making meaningful interpretation. Furthermore, the result indicated that multi-methodology approach was appropriate in gathering information. The research findings were based on all Total Score Value (TSV) results at Ubungo and Msamvu bus terminals which indicate unfavourable opinions and the association of all attributes were at 0.05 and 0.01 significant levels. The study came up with the conclusion that the understanding of quality management for vehicle operation has a significant influence on standard of service at the bus terminals. As such, form of operators licensing should be appropriate to ensure that operators of public transport services meet specified standards of competence and integrity to enhance customers‟ satisfaction at bus terminals.
Assessment of work-stress among Public Sector Employees in Tanzania: A Case study of the Ministry of Home Affairs Headquarters (MoHA), Tanzania
(Mzumbe Unversity, 2013) Kaminyoge, Nelson
The study aimed at assessing the level of work - related stress and how it impacts the organization performance. The specific objectives of the study were to identify the causes of work stress among employees in the Ministry of Home Affairs, to identify the work related stress level of employees in the Ministry of Home Affairs in Tanzania, to assess the possible effects of stress on Job performances in the Ministry of Home Affairs in Tanzania and to suggest strategies that can be employed to reduce the effect of stress in the Ministry of Home Affairs in Tanzania. In this study data were collected using a questionnaire survey and interview method where the sample size of the study was 56 respondents. The study was conducted at the Ministry of Home Affairs Headquarters, Dar es Salaam. The study findings revealed that there is high level of stress among public sectors employees which affect work performance. This work – related stresses were caused by many factors such as poor pay, too much work, lack of recognition of employees performance, failure of recognizing employees skills and profession, lack of promotions and poor working environment. The study findings also revealed that there were many effects associated with high level of stress among employees including poor work performance, frequencies of absenteeism, frequent sick leaves and many endless complaints which if not attended can erode employee morale and result into poor work performance. The major limitation of the study is based on data collection. Respondents were busy with their daily ethos and could not answer questionnaires within the time so researcher had to use extra time to persuade them and much energy to collect questionnaires. Also some of the respondents were not ready to be recorded during interview which costed much researcher’s time. It is generally recommended that the government should take serious measures to eradicate/reduce stress among its employees because if not attended can result into poor employee performance among work organizations
The effectiveness of human resources training and development in public organization as provided by National Board of Accountant and Auditors (NBAA) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mallya, Digna T
Training and Development of human resources are the most valuable assets of any organization, with the machines, materials and even money nothing gets done without man-power. The effective functioning of any organization requires that employees learn to perform their jobs at a satisfactory level of proficiency. Employee training tries to improve skills or add to the existing level of the knowledge so that the employee is better equipped to do his present job or to prepare him for higher position with increased responsibilities. NBAA has put efforts to ensure that employees are equally trained and developed to align with the general government policy. General objective of this is to examine the effectiveness of human resources training and development at NBAA most considerable factors being training conducts, its contribution to organization performance and employee’s development. The study was held at National Board of Accountants and Auditors at Dar es Salaam region from May to August 2013 where 40 respondents who are NBAA employees were involved. Simple random sampling was used in collection of data because the sampling frame was not too large and easy accessibility of unit, also study population had similar characteristic which is all NBAA employees are entitled to training. Purposive or judgment sampling was employed in this study due to the nature of respondents whom are classified in the nature departmental. The sample was picked as follows; Corporate service department 15 respondents, Examination department 12 respondent, Member Service department 07 respondents, Technical Service department 02 respondents and Management committee 04. Likert Scale question and interview guided were used to collect data for 40 respondents involved in a study also documentary review such as NBAA training policy, training records was employed This study reveals that training programmes enables employees to acquire knowledge and skills, human relation competencies, newcomer understands comprehensively about organization, norms and values. Through this study it has been revealed that NBAA has productive succession plan as Executive Director, majority of the management team, head of units were trained and developed to their presence position. However it has been revealed that organization benefits out of training as enabled to train her manpower hence moved from use of manual system to computerized system hence corresponding with world competitive environment. With mentioned findings positioned NBAA training and development effective. Despite of mentioned achievement NBAA fulfill its training policy partially, employees do not participate in determining the training they need, quality and suitability of external training programs are not considered, trainee are not given time to reflect and plan improvement because some of line manager are conservative. Therefore NBAA is recommended to make regular evaluation and analysis of conducted training programmes and develop policy which will enable trainees to practice acquired knowledge and skills.
Effectiveness of training programmes in public organisations in Tanzania: A case of Morogoro municipal council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Habi, Lukas
This study examined the effectiveness of training programmes in Public Organizations. It involved case study design where Morogoro Municipal Council was selected. The study was guided by four research objectives which are: To determine factors affecting implementation of a training programme in MMC; to find out how trainees perceive the implementation of a training programme in MMC and lastly to suggest strategies to be employed by MMC in the implementation of a training programme. Data collection methods comprised of interview, questionnaires, and documentary review. Random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select a sample of 77 respondents for the study. Respondents were chosen from ordinary employees, heads of departments and the head of Human Resource Management on behalf of the director of Morogoro Municipal Council. After data analysis the findings of the study revealed that, most of the employees were aware of the existence of the training programme while few of them never noticed its existence. On the other way, to some extent the identification of training needs was administered, but also it has been evidenced that the selection of employees in some cases didn’t prove to have elements of fairness and transparency as such there were a lot of complaints from employees insisting that the selection of employees for training was dominated with evil acts including presence of elements of corruption and favouritism. However, the study found that Morogoro Municipality faced various challenges in the implementation of the training programme including; small budget for training, lack of clear organisation policy, lack of management support, unwillingness of some employees to be trained and finally there was small efforts made in identifying training needs. This research has made some recommendations for implementing well a training programme by the Morogoro Municipality. These include; soliciting for donors’ funds, preparation of good organization policy, soliciting for management support, cost sharing and soliciting for employees willingness.
An investigation of community participation in decision making in local government authority: The case of Morogoro District council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Joel, Sara
This study aimed at investigating the community participation level in decision making in local government authorities, specifically in the Village Assembly Meetings in Morogoro District Council. The government of Tanzania has been advocating various local governance and participation initiatives through the famous Decentralization by Devolution Policy of 1998 and the Local Government Reform. However, local people/communities at lower level at large have always been unable to utilize effectively this opportunity in their areas of jurisdictions. This is because they lack critical capabilities or competence needed to have more control of their resources. The concept of community participation is central in underpinning successful development programmes. Studies on the Tanzanian government's efforts to decentralize decision making to the districts and ultimately the village levels indicate that, local people do not constitute key players in the processes and have limited participation in decision making. This study was conducted in six villages in Morogoro District involving 80 respondents who were purposively and randomly selected. Data were collected using structured questionnaire, supplemented by interviews for key informant and observation. Data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel Spread Sheet. The findings showed that the level of education was the key factor that affect decision making in village meetings. Villagers were occasionally given feedback and report on development and financial matters, although accountability of villager leaders was ranked very poor. The study recommended that to enhance villagers‟ participation in decision making, there should be frequent village meetings, accountable and transparent leaders, leaders with scandals of misappropriating village funds and projects should be forced to step down.
The contribution of non-monetary incentives in improving employees’ job performance in Nachingwea district council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Yogwa, Bihaga John.
Many organizations are struggling to make sure that available employees exert reasonable effort to make sure that organizations can achieve its desired goals. In order for employees to perform better their duties toward achieving organization goal, there is a need to be rewarded accordingly in exchange of their labour power, in rewarding employees organizations make them capable of doing better, try harder and expend more energy. With scarcity of monetary reward mainly in public organizations, organizations have alternatively considered using non monetary incentives in inducing employees to exert more effort toward accomplishment of tasks provided. Performance of employees in any organization is vital not only for the growth of the organization but also for the growth of individual employee. The challenges facing many organizations are how to induce employees’ efforts in the production process. An organization must know who are its outstanding performers, those who need additional training and those not contributing to the efficiency and welfare of the company or organization. This study tried to investigate relationship between non-monetary incentives and job performance in LGAs. Non-monetary incentives such as participation in decision making, verbal or written recognition of good work etc., are the kinds of incentives that do not involve direct payment of cash. In this study a sample of 134 male and female staff members of NDC were studied. All HODs and Units were included in the sample including the Council Director, supervisory employees and lower level staff. Data collected was analyzed by use of IBM SPSS
Influence of leadership style on teachers’ job satisfaction in Tanzania: The case of public secondary schools in Musoma Municipal council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kashagate,Reina
Leadership is a process influence between leaders and subordinates where a leader attempts to influence the behavior of subordinates to achieve the organizational goals (Koontz et al, 1988). Organizational success in achieving its goals and objectives depends on the leaders of the organization and their leadership styles. By adopting the appropriate leadership styles, leaders can affect employee job satisfaction, commitment and productivity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of leadership style on teachers’ job satisfaction in public secondary schools in Musoma Municipal Council. The study examines whether transformational and transactional leadership styles stimulate and sustain teachers’ job satisfaction. Questionnaires were administered to 54 public secondary school teachers from different schools. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) were used by teachers to assess their heads of schools in relation to the satisfaction they derive from their jobs. To analyse the data, multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine how well transformational and transactional leadership factors predict teachers’ job satisfaction. Overall the results of the present study yielded some significant findings. The results showed a positive correlation between transformational leadership dimensions on teachers’ job satisfaction. With regard to transactional leadership dimensions, the results showed that transactional leadership affects the outcome variable, but their influence was lower as compared to the influence of transformational leadership factors. The individual transactional leadership factors that had positively influenced the outcome variable were Contingent rewards and active management by exception. The remaining two transactional leadership factors, passive management by exception and laissez-faire had mainly negative effects on the outcome variable. Moreover, the results showed that the influence of transformational and transactional leadership on job satisfaction were slightly affected by taking teachers’ background characteristics into account. The results for instance revealed academic difference with regard to levels of job satisfaction. ix Based on these results, the following implications for further research are formulated. First, more research in the African educational context is needed in order to further confirm Bass’s claim (1985) of the universality of transformational and transactional leadership across different cultures. Second, apart from job satisfaction, other potential mediator variables (e.g organizational climate, trust in leadership) should be used in future research in examining the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership and teachers’ work related variables. The results also have implications for the preparation and the training of school leaders in Tanzania. In order to enhance higher levels of teachers’ work related attitudes and behavior, it is strongly suggested that school heads in Tanzania should practice transformational leadership behaviors and practices. It is also advocated that school heads, both practicing and aspiring school leaders, should receive training in both effective transformational and transactional leadership practices, this can be through seminars, workshops and updates on school administration and leadership in order to sharpen the skills of institutional leaders on the job and equip them with knowledge to influence the retention rate of teachers to benefit the student, the teacher, and the school system. Lastly, the fact that job satisfaction has shown to be an important mediator of leadership and teachers work related attitudes and behavior suggests that the Tanzanian government ought to pay attention to teachers’ job satisfaction, in order to enhance teachers’ commitment to the present educational reform process. The issues related to salary and working conditions seems to be the bones contention and need urgent attention if we are to guarantee the success of the educational reform process in Tanzania
Factors inhibiting employee promotion in the health department of Moshi district council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Isangya, Pamela
This study was conducted in Moshi District Council and was prompted by the fact that promotion in the public sector, both in Central and Local Governments was a big problem that needed to be addressed. A case study design was used in this research. The study used a sample of 56 employees selected through convenience sampling technique and purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaire, interviews and documentary review methods. Quantitative data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings were presented in tables, figures and text to simplify interpretation. Findings revealed that employee promotion in the Moshi District Council was being implemented and 71.5% of respondents were already upgraded at least once from the time of appointment to their job positions. However, the existing policy on employee promotion was likely to be weak as it is implemented without the application of OPRAS. The study also identified the promotion process, in which the majority (53.1%) of the respondents claimed that the promotion was not fair due to reasons such as unfairness which included promotion delay and inappropriate employee promotion. On the specific objective to determine the challenges posed in the implementation, the findings revealed that there were a number of challenges behind the situation such as budget constraints, corruption, favoritism, poor qualification and poor record keeping. Suggestions to improve the situation include improving record keeping system, avoiding favoritism, etc. The study recommends that the management should improves record keeping, avoid favoritism, information on non-promotion be delivered on time, furtherance of employee education and further studies be conducted.
Exploring effects of psychological contract violation in Tanzania Non Government Organisations: the case of Ilula orphan program
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Msigwa, Edson Ernest
This study intended to explore effects of Psychological Contract Violation (PCV) in Tanzania NGOs Ilula Orphan Program (IOP) being a case study. The specific objectives of this study were to find out how PC is provided; to find out how employees feel (satisfaction and dissatisfaction) when psychological contract is provided and when not provided; and to find out effects of PCV in Tanzania NGOs. The study population for this study was 72 including staff and management. The sample adopted was 36 which were 50% of the population. The sampling method used for this study was stratified random sampling. The data collection methods used in this study were interviews which were administered to management, questionnaires which were circulated to staffs, documents which included policies, attendance records, staff contracts, staff minutes and correspondences. By observation method, the researcher saw staff gossiping during working time, going late to meetings, moving slowly between actions or offices and complaining to management as well as basking during working hours. The findings revealed that there was PCV by employer not fulfilling a number of human resource practices and workers’ rights including pay, overtime, promotion, policies and training leading to effects like tardiness and absenteeism, low commitment, delayed projects completion, abuse of confidentiality, labour turnover, and declining productivity. Suggestions to minimize effects of PCV include timely response to complaints and orders, transparency honesty and trust, fulfilling terms of contract, promotions, recognition, and competence based recruitment and selection, staff training and development, sustainable income and fairness in application of human resource practices.
Recruitment and management in local government authorities of Tanzania: A case of Masasi district council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mboyi, Wishega
Recruitment and Management in Local Government Authorities of Tanzania is experiencing a serious factors which affecting it and this is problem study. This study was conducted at MDC located in Mtwara. The selection of this district Authority was based on consideration of the available resources dissertation, both materials and non materials. The population of (40) respondents participated who were purposively and randomly selected. The main objective of the study was to explore factors affecting Recruitment and Management in Tanzania’s Local Government Authorities. Specific objectives were: to determine the level of understanding of the aim, procedure and expected outcome of Recruitment and Management to both supervisors and employees, to evaluate if the HR Department support to HODs match with Recruitment and Management Strategic Plan and to identify the economic, environmental, social, political and psychological factors that are affecting Recruitment and Management in the Tanzania’s Local Government Authorities. The study used a case study method to gather data. Other data collection methods were questionnaires; interviews and documentary review. The SPSS were used for data analysis. The key study findings indicated that bureaucracy has been the major hindering factor for effective recruitment process in the local government authorities. Other factors included lack of qualified personnel, lack of sufficient budget for supporting recruitment process and the government’s intervention. It has been identified that most of the human resource officers lack sufficient skills regarding recruitment and selection of suitable candidates for a particular vacancy. Also, the government intervention has been too much which causes the delays in process thereby hindering effective recruitment. The financial budget for public service recruitment is also not adequate to cater at once for all recruitment needs of all local government authorities. Also, this study identified that apart from the economic factors, psychological and social factors also contributed in affecting recruitment and management process in Tanzania’s LGAs. The major recommendations include the followings: There is a need for reviewing Public Service Management and Employment Policy in Tanzania and the Public Service Reform Program so as to cope with the dynamic changes of the recruitment and selection process. Also, the Public Service Recruitment Secretariat requires more improvements in their undertakings; also, there is a need for insisting and giving HP planning process great attentions before any other HR practices and the need for the central government to allot more financial resources for supporting recruitment in the local government authorities.
The implications of employees motivation to human resource retention at Stanbic bank Tanzania limited
(2013) Kyaruzi, Albert R.
The importance of motivation in retaining employees cannot be over emphasized. Therefore keeping the best employees continue to remain a challenge for most managers. The current study entailed at examining the implications of employees motivation to human resource retention. The study set to address four specific objectives as to identify the types of motivation required by employees, to explore the strategies employed to enhance motivation as a factor to human resource retention to, determine the relationship between employees motivation and human resource retention, and to identify challenges involved in attaining motivation strategies that lead to human resource retention at Stanbic Bank. The study used Stanbic Bank as a case study whereby the organization has a total number of about 587 employees. However, this study used a cross section sample of 160 employees mainly located in Dar es Salaam due to resources constraints. The research made used primary and secondary data. Opened ended questionnaire and interviews were used to collect data from respondents. A selected number of managers, senior as well as junior staffs were also interviewed as part of the data gathering process. Data collected were subjected to analysis that involved data coding, editing and consolidation and later presented in tables, charts and quotes. The study found that majority of the respondents was of the opinion that they were not satisfied with their current motivation packages. Respondents strongly agreed that good management to employee relationship enhances employees retention. Few, respondents certain level of dissatisfaction with the house allowance and has led to feeling of inequity, de-motivation and labour turnover. It is therefore recommended that Stanbic bank should provide both staffs house allowance not depends for the manager and senior staff. The study also recommended that management should provide a competitive and attractive salary in order to retain the employees of Stanbic Bank.
Contribution of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority in improving welfare of the communities: The case of Ngorongoro and Endulen villages in Ngorongoro
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Nkuyumba, Polycarp
This study intended to assess the contribution of tourism to the communities’ welfare in Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Specifically, the study aimed at (i) identifying services provided by the NCAA to the community within the area; (ii) examining the involvement of the people in deciding the kind of services to be offered; and (iii) assessing the effectiveness of the tourism development strategies to improve the standards of living of the community. The study interviewed a total of 180 respondents from two villages namely Endulen and Ngorongoro. Questionnaires, observation, interviews and documentary reviews were used to collect both primary and secondary data. The findings revealed there were a number of development projects established in the areas. These projects include water services, infrastructure (roads, buildings, and dams), health services and education services. It was also found that there were various locations where the community members marketed their products, mostly meat and milk, in hotels and tour companies. The study also found that community members were mainly involved in revenue collection especially in walking safaris and guiding tourists. Community involvement was very high in walking safaris as well as in donkey/camel hiring. The findings further reveal that participation was low in coordinating walking tourist and permit control. Further, it was found that community members were benefiting financially through social services provision due to tourism activities that generated income to the NCA, as well as to individual through the involvement in the community tourism projects like cultural bomas. It was in addition found that tourism and livestock were the two fast growing economic activities in the NCAA. The study made several recommendations to Ngorongoro Pastoralist Council (NPC), NCAA and to tourism companies as well as communities in the sense that community engagement is of value in the tourism industry so as to acquire license of operation and the maximization of the benefits that are derived from the industry.
The contribution of internal audit in achieving integrity and reliability of accounting information: Case study in President office, Public Service Management
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Chale, Joyce
Internal audit functions plays a unique role in governance process by assuring that risk are effectively identified and monitored, organizational processes are efficient, effectively controlled. However to ensure this contribution this study aimed at evaluating how and through what function does internal audit assist in achieving integrity and reliability of accounting information. Objective of this study was to examine the contribution of internal audit in achieving integrity and reliability of accounting information. The purpose being to understand more internal audit functions and how they can contribute to the integrity and reliability of accounting information. A case study approach was adopted with the PO-PSM as the main case. Information from relevant sources including internal auditors, accountants, member of audit committee, and other stakeholders were collected using questioning and interview method. It was noted that the results of this research was that internal Audit functions contribute to the, the integrity and reliability of accounting information and the findings shows that the function of internal audit was analyzed the accounting information, compliance with law and regulation, checking budget implementation, the reliability and soundness of financial information, unethical behavior and fraud detected and organization strategy. Also the essential element of internal audit analyzed and findings show the internal audit need to be independence, staffing, due care and relationship also the limitation of internal audit was analyzed there is lack of technical knowledge, independence of internal audit unit, shortage of staff, and lack of recognition by management. The general findings of this research shows that internal audit function are well placed in the ministry of President Office, Public Service Management and contribute to the reliability and integrity of the accounting information although there some weaknesses found this is because internal audit function have been introduced in recent year therefore it is the belief of the researcher that contribution of Internal Audit will be strengthen.
Challenges of administering OPRAS in district councils in Tanzania: The case of Lushoto district council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mwanaamani, Mtoo
The Open Performance Review and Appraisal System (OPRAS) is an open, formal, and systematic procedure designed to assist both employers and employees in planning, managing, evaluating and realizing performance improvement in the organization, with the aim of achieving organizational goals. It is expected to drive the transition from a focus on Human Resource Management to Strategic Human Resource Management. OPRAS not only adds a valuable dimension to the human resource function, it also changes the competencies that define the success of human resource professionals and practitioners in an institution or organization. The study aimed at investigating the challenges of administering OPRAS in District Councils. Its implementation aim at achieving organizational goals and is expected to maximize the production. Effective running of this appraisal was seemed to be partially implemented by public employees something that calls for an inquiry. The study was conducted at Lushoto District Council November 2012 to March 2013. In attempt to meet the objective of the study, questionnaires and interviews were carried out to the selected sample to get responses from the respondents. The findings revealed that the employees see OPRAS as good but its implementation needs some improvement to meet the expected goals. The challenges identified were setting of unrealistic budget to meet the required resources for the whole process. Budgetary leads to other challenges such as lack of integration between the supervisor and supervisee objectives on one hand and that of the organization on the other. Lack of support from the supervisor and lack of training also minimizes the efficiency of the OPRAS process. Other challenges noted from the employees were openness, selection of indicators, clear setting of goals and standards. In order to improve the situation all stake holders should act appropriately on these challenges so as to bring smooth sailing of the OPRAS implementation in Lushoto and in Tanzania at large.
The role of the electronic media (television) in enhancing democracy the case study of the Presidential General Election of 2005 and 2010
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Goroi, Stephano E.
The study aimed to investigate the role of electronic media (television) in enhancing democracy during the Presidential general election of 2005 and 2010 in Kinondoni district. The purpose of the study was to gather different opinions and ideas from different groups of people concerning the role of electronic media (television) in enhancing democracy during the general elections. Issues examined included the role of television participation in general elections in Tanzania that occurred as a result of political development between 2005 and 2010,the nature of the stories reported and aired concerning the general elections of 2005 and 2010and the impact and influence of television participation to different groups of people in 2005 and 2010 elections. The study mainly adopted qualitative approach. The data collected were analyzed by using the SPSS. For categorical variables, simple frequency analysis and cross tabulations were used. The findings were presented in tables, figures and text to simplify interpretation and general appraisal of the facts. The study found out that in Tanzania, electronic media (television) has brought some changes in general elections through its coverage of political issues .However; much still needed to be done by media in enhancing democracy. In general there are some communities members who do not appreciate the role of media in enhancing real democracy especially during general elections. Finally, the study made recommendations to media houses and stakeholders to improve efficiency of media in enhancing democracy during elections. Good coverage of issues during campaigns and unbiased nature of reporting will change the mindset of politicians and the public in general, hence enhancing transparency and accountability.
Assessment of the current status of students academic performance in science subjects in relation to the initiatives implemented in secondary schools in Tanzania : A case of Gairo district, Morogoro
(2013) Masatu, Samwel M A
The study was about Assessment of the Current Status of Students‟ Academic Performance in Science Subjects in Relation to the Initiatives implemented in secondary schools in Tanzania A case of Gairo district, Morogoro. The central argument of the study was to assess the current status of students‟ academic performance in science subjects in relation to the initiatives implemented to improve students‟ academic performance in these subjects, a case of Gairo district, Morogoro. The study reviewed some literature and came up with the following objectives: To examine the students‟ current status academic performance in science subjects, to identify the current factors contributing to students‟ poor academic performance in science subjects. Also was to examine initiative used to improve students‟ academic performance in science subjects and was to examine the possible measures to be taken to improve students‟ academic performance in science subjects. The research conducted in Gairo‟s ordinary public secondary schools. The research is a case study and the researcher used two research techniques of data collection whereby face- to face-Interview was conducted to secondary schools‟ administrative leaders and questionnaires were distributed to science teachers and students. Statistical Package for Science (SPSS) software was used in data analysis. It was found during the study that, students‟ academic performance in science subjects in ordinary secondary schools in Gairo district is poor. The state of students‟ academic performance in science subjects in Gairo District is contributed by some factors as analyzed by the study and some initiatives has been taken to improve students‟ academic performance in science subjects. In solving the problem of students‟ poor academic Performance in science subjects the study has suggested some measures to be taken. Insightful conclusion was drawn from the results obtained and recommendations are made for future researchers and for Government. Researcher is in position to ix recommend that, the government should modernize the available public secondary schools before continuing with constructing other public secondary schools. Also the government should take motivation as the means of arising teaching and learning science subjects at any level of education.
The contribution of information management to administrative decision making in Kinondoni Municipal Council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Hitler, Sanchawa D
The objective of this thesis was to study the subject of information management or knowledge management in general, and identify the role of it to administrative decision making in the KMC. To achieve this objective the study has three interlinked objectives which are first to identify the structure of information management in KMC, Secondly to identify information uses in KMC and lastly to identify the role of internal stakeholders for effective information management in KMC. Furthermore, the study is divided into six chapters: the first chapter is introduction which includes the background of the problem; statement of the problem; objectives of the study (general and specific objectives); research questions; significance of the study; scope/limitations of the study; delimitation of the study; structure of the report; the conceptual framework, the ethical consideration of the study and the definitions of the key terms of the study. The second chapter is literature reviews which among other things include theoretical, empirical and synthesis of the reviewed literatures. On the other hand the third chapter is research methodology which encompasses the methodological approaches of the study which are research design, population of the study, sample, sampling procedures and research instruments. Other chapters are chapter four which is about the presentation of the research findings, chapter five is about the discussion of the research findings and chapter six presents a summary, conclusion and recommendation of the study. A sample of 60 respondents was used .Simple random and judgmental sampling techniques were employed. The data were collected by the use of questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentary sources where obtained data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the use of Microsoft world, ME and Manual techniques. The study found out that the structure of information management in KMC is a bottom up structure which is some sort of decentralized structure, the information is used for, planning, controlling, leading, staffing and budgeting, and the role of internal stakeholders for effective information management are to collect, store, monitor and disseminate information when required. The study recommended that information users should lead by examples, to provide training about the subject of IM, establishment of information resource center, provisions of enough facilities to the public relation office, Establishment of Municipal radio for dissemination of information and the like and many more as presented in chapter six of this thesis.
An assessment of the effectiveness of sports administration in Tanzania. A case of public secondary schools in Morogoro municipality ”
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mtengule, Valestas L
The poor sports performance in Tanzania has been the main reason towards the conduct of this study on assessing the Effectiveness of Sports administration in Tanzania: A case of Public Secondary Schools in Morogoro Municipality. Various researches have been conducted but the gap is still there because they have failed to clearly show to why Sports in Africa, specifically in Tanzania enter into trouble. Therefore the study using the theory bureaucracy of Max Weber has been done to supplement present knowledge. The variables which were put under investigation were the quality of the sports administrators, the organisation of the sports activities, relationships of sports activities and structures and the influence of policy in sports activities; the variables which are analysed in the theory of bureaucracy. In order to reach to the objectives of the study, case study research design was used and the researcher selected only 60 respondents from the population of 14814 sports stakeholders. The sample size was obtained purposively, under stratified random sampling and under simple random sampling. On the aspect of data collection, the study employed both primary and secondary methods of data collection. The data collected have been analyzed by various statistical means like frequency and percentages Moreover, the study identified the most common problems related to sports administration so that the government and the sports stakeholders know the problems surrounding them. The problems identified are poor sports administrators, poor sports organisation, poor sports relationships and poorly formulated sports policies that undermine the progress of sports activities in Tanzania. The ways on how to combat these problems have also been disclosed in this study like having well qualified sports administrators, well formulated sports policies, well organized activities and effectively related sports structures. If these are done, Tanzania may shine in the international competitions like other countries like Brazil, England, etc.