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A 14 - years mapping of research productivity of the School of Business academicians at Mzumbe University, Tanzania: A bibliometrics analysis
(Dar es Salaam University Press (DUP), 2021) Shemahonge, Adam H., ; Mosha, Goodluck E. , ; Siyao, Peter O.
The purpose of this study is to determine the research productivity of the School of Business (SoB) academic staff at Mzumbe University between 2007 and 2020. The study employed a mixed approach to data collection. A total of 58 SoB academic staff were used in this study. Quantitative data were extracted from google scholar using the Publish or Perish (PoP) software. Qualitative data were collected using an interview guide. The quantitative data were analysed using a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet whereas qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The findings indicate that a total of 253 publications were recorded for all 14 years yielding a low yearly average of 18.07 publications for all academicians and an average of only 4.4 publications for each SoB academician. Individual productivity analysis shows Dr. Hawa Tundui as the top-ranking academician with 20 publications. The distribution of citations for SoB academicians has Dr. Ernest Mwasalwiba ranking first with 924 citations. The authorship pattern at SoB was dominated by single-authored publications 100 (40%) followed by two-authored publications 87 (34%) with an average of 0.49 degree of collaboration. The subject-wise distribution reveals that SoB academic staff are more interested in writing on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and business areas. With regard to the journal of preference, most of the SoB scholars prefer to publish in the Uongozi Journal of Management and Development Dynamics (UJMDD). This bibliometrics analysis was limited to SoB. Other studies should cover all MU schools, faculties, directorates and other campuses. To improve the growth of research and publications at MU, collaborations in research and publications; formulating a friendly and favourable research policy; awareness creation about online research platforms such as registering on Google Scholar among MU academicians, Research Gate and ORCID among others and capacity building in publishing skills are highly recommended. This is the first time a bibliometrics analysis has been conducted to determine research productivity at MU and which covered a field of business in Tanzania.
A 14 - years mapping of research productivity of the School of Business academicians at Mzumbe University, Tanzania: A bibliometrics analysis
(Dar es Salaam University Press (DUP), 2022) Shemahonge, Adam. H.; Mosha, Goodluck E.; Siyao, Peter, O.
The purpose of this study is to determine the research productivity of the School of Business (SoB) academic staff at Mzumbe University between 2007 and 2020. The study employed a mixed approach to data collection. A total of 58 SoB academic staff were used in this study. Quantitative data were extracted from google scholar using the Publish or Perish (PoP) software. Qualitative data were collected using an interview guide. The quantitative data were analysed using a Microsoft Excel Spread sheet whereas qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The findings indicate that a total of 253 publications were recorded for all 14 years yielding a low yearly average of 18.07 publications for all academicians and an average of only 4.4 publications for each SoB academician. Individual productivity analysis shows Dr. Hawa Tundui as the top-ranking academician with 20 publications. The distribution of citations for SoB academicians has Dr. Ernest Mwasalwiba ranking first with 924 citations. The authorship pattern at SoB was dominated by single-authored publications 100 (40%) followed by two-authored publications 87 (34%) with an average of 0.49 degree of collaboration. The subject-wise distribution reveals that SoB academic staff are more interested in writing on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and business area. With regard to the journal of preference, most of the SoB scholars prefer to publish in the Uongozi Journal of Management and Development Dynamics (UJMDD). This bibliometrics analysis was limited to SoB. Other studies should cover all MU schools, faculties, directorates and other campuses. To improve the growth of research and publications at MU, collaborations in research and publications; formulating a friendly and favourable research policy; awareness creation about online research platforms such as registering on Google Scholar among MU academicians, Research Gate and ORCID among others and capacity building in publishing skills are highly recommended. This is the first time a bibliometrics analysis has been conducted to determine research productivity at MU and which covered a field of business in Tanzania
A closer look on conceptual modeling of trust to develop trustman system
(International Journal of Computer Science, 2011) Msanjila, Simon Samwel
Designing comprehensive trust models and mechanisms to address challenges related to mediating business oriented collaboration among organizations has become a fundamental focus of research on trust and particularly those focused on organizational Trust Management (TrustMan) Systems. Despite recent achievements from research addressing the modeling of trust, there are still insufficient generic and customizable models, mechanisms and tools to support emerging requirements on inter-organizational trust analysis. Most available model solutions supporting trust analysis are limited to: a specific application case (e.g. multi-agent systems), known actors (organizations or individuals), or domain of study (e.g. health domain). These solutions are also limited to some specific set of trust criteria applied to their development such as a small set of trust criteria for analysis of rational trust in organization. In this article we advocate that a large number of elements must be properly specified and modeled to comprehensively cover the trust objectives of organizations towards developing a supportive TrustMan system. This article analyzes and proposes three specific modeling formalisms that best represent trust relationships among organizations and presents some examples for those formalisms. It also analyzes classes of models of inter-organizational trust, namely: hard models, soft models and semi-soft models.
A closer look on conceptual modeling of trust to develop trustMan system
(www.IJCSI.org, 2011) Msanjila, Simon Samwel
Designing comprehensive trust models and mechanisms to address challenges related to mediating business oriented collaboration among organizations has become a fundamental focus of research on trust and particularly those focused on organizational Trust Management (TrustMan) Systems. Despite recent achievements from research addressing the modeling of trust, there are still insufficient generic and customizable models, mechanisms and tools to support emerging requirements on inter-organizational trust analysis. Most available model solutions supporting trust analysis are limited to: a specific application case (e.g. multi-agent systems), known actors (organizations or individuals), or domain of study (e.g. health domain). These solutions are also limited to some specific set of trust criteria applied to their development such as a small set of trust criteria for analysis of rational trust in organization. In this article we advocate that a large number of elements must be properly specified and modeled to comprehensively cover the trust objectives of organizations towards developing a supportive TrustMan system. This article analyzes and proposes three specific modeling formalisms that best represent trust relationships among organizations and presents some examples for those formalisms. It also analyzes classes of models of inter-organizational trust, namely: hard models, soft models and semi-soft models
A comparative evaluation of e-learning adoption in private and public higher education institutions: A Tanzania survey
(IGI Global, 2017) Mwamahusi, Mpe Paulo; Tossy, Titus
This paper examines e-learning adoption in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The paper examines whether there is a difference between the Private and public HEIs e-learning adoption. The rationale for the examination stands from the fact that scholars are of option that there is different between private and public HEIs e-learning adoption. From an empirical survey conducted in Tanzania, this paper evaluates both staffs and students on the current situations, factors affecting, similarities and differences of e-learning adoption between private and public HEIs. The research reveals that, despite of the government efforts to support e-learning initiative by introducing national ICT polices to boost the level of adoption; very few private HEIs have adopted e-learning compared to public HEIs. The limited initial investment, lack of expertize, lack of guaranteed electrical power, poor strategic change management plans, and lack of innovative ideas are the barriers to e-learning adoption.
A comparative study of primary school food provision programs: A case of Kinondoni and Ilala Municipals
(Mzumbe University, 2014) Ituja, Fauza M
The purpose of the study was to Compare Study of Primary School Food Provision Programs in Kinondoni and Ilala Municipality. One Hundred and fifty people include students; teachers and parents/Guardians in Kinondoni and Ilala Municipality, Dar es Salaam Region were interviewed face to face using structured questionnaire. Literature review focused on the Comparative Study of Primary School Food Provision Programs worldwide down to Tanzania. The study revealed a number of challenges to the Food provision programs. Some of the challenges include Lack/Limited Funds, Shortage of Staffs for supervision, Limited time as well as Heath Requirements. The study concludes with recommendations for creating a reliable time table that can not affect general timetable for academic purposes and find extra source of income to cover the shortage of funds in order to have good program of food provision to all school.
A critical analysis of effectiveness of the law to curb sexual violence against children : A case study of Zanzibar (Unguja)
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Ahmed, Asha Mohammed
This study is about the effectiveness of the law to curb sexual violence against children (SVAC) in Zanzibar. Studies have shown that, sexual violence against children incidence is increasing. The research was aimed at finding the available shortcomings or gaps in the laws and poor enforcement of the laws. Other factors that contributes to the predominance of SVAC in Zanzibar that prevent the effectiveness of laws in combating it. The researcher examined the national and international legislation pertaining SVAC for the aim of assessing its effectiveness in curbing sexual violence against children in Zanzibar. This study is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods which was meant at enabling collection of detailed information about the problem. The researcher used interview guides and questionnaires as tools of collecting detailed information from the respondents. The method of sampling used in this study is non-probability. The study findings reveal various gaps for handling sexual violence against children in the country. Consequently, Zanzibar’s legislation does not define sexual violence. On the contrary, those provisions formulated do not distinctly address SVAC and the marital rape is legalized in Zanzibar laws. There exists a practice of rapist marrying the victim as the means to avoid the rape charge. The law is silent on this practice which leads the trauma to the victim. Also the study reveals that there is a practice of unofficial compensation arrangements between the victim or victim’s family and the assailant intended to replace criminal justices system.. Therefore the researcher recommends that the laws should be reviewed and amended to address lacunae as revealed by the study. Above all, it should allow the private criminal investigation so that the cases and evidence of the cases will not be hampered. There is also a need to develop a respective national policy guideline for the child victim of sexual violence for medical
A critical analysis of law and practice of public private partnership in Tanzania: A case study of Kigoma District
(Mzumbe University, 2014) Ndabhona, Iddi A.
This study was made on analysis of the law on Public Private Partnership in Tanzania, particularly the Public Private Partnership Act, 2010 and its enabling regulations, the Public Private Partnership Regulations, 2011, GN 165 /2011. The research was done through interviews and documentary reviews. As the first objective of the study, researcher examined the efficiency of PPP Act in Tanzania. It was revealed and concluded that although the definition of PPPs in the PPPA entails all kinds and forms of PPPs, the regulations leave out of box all the traditional, simple but many forms PPPs which are practicable to many common Tanzanian entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, the bureaucratic nature of the PPPA reduces its expected efficiency. The significant time and monetary resources are spent at the preliminary stages regardless of whether or not the expected project would be implemented. The second specific objective was to look on whether in practice the law promotes the PPP with indigenous private entities in our country. It has been observed that the processes in the Act make the way through to PPPs too long and cumbersome. As such, the law is not very much encouraging and promoting PPPs in the same parse as it would be expected to in the current world business environment. The last objective was to examine whether the PPPA affects independence of the independent Government bodies such as LGAs in Tanzania. It is concluded that the powers of the independent government entities like local government authorities to enter into PPP arrangements are confiscated by the central government through various bodies established by the PPPA. In that respect, the researcher has recommended some mitigating measures to be taken so as to handle those inadequacies. The measures include; amendment of PPP regulations, GN. No 165/2011; formulation of PPP regulations for small scale PPPs in the country; and strengthening indigenous entities for PPPs.
A Critical analysis of the Law of the Child Act on the Protection of Children against Sexual Violence
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Kweka, Deckrine Dominic
For quite a long time children protection has been given less attention. As a result children are facing several violence and abuses including sexual violence. An era came when children protection began to be considered since children began to be treated as human beings in the community. That was propagated when the CRC and ACRWC came into force. Despite the fact that Tanzania has ratified these aforementioned instruments in 1991 and 2003 respectively, she took almost twenty good years since the ratifications of these instruments to enact the law specific for children. It was on the 4 th November 2009 when the Law of the Child Act was enacted. The purpose of enacting this Act was to provide adequate protection to children against any form of violence including sexual violence, unfortunately child sexual violence and abuses are continuing to take place in Tanzania. The aim of this study is to critically analyse the adequacy of the Law of the Child Act in protecting children against sexual violence/abuse. The researcher deployed both library and field research. Library research involved an analysis of the problem through text books, journals, articles, reports, statutes and other relevant materials available. The researcher further conducted a field research and collected data relevant to the study, where Babati District in Manyara region was opted as area of the study. Given the objective of the research, the targeted population was 48 respondents which involved State Attorneys, Police Officers, Magistrates, Advocates, Social Welfare Officers, Medical Doctors, children and parents/guardians. Therefore, it is concluded that, the Law of the Child Act does not adequately provide protection to children against sexual violence, the institutions established under the Act are weak in guaranteeing comprehensive children protection against sexual violence and there are other factors hindering the implementation of the Child Act towards children protection against sexual violence. In concluding, possible solutions that can be used to solve this problem have been pointed out.
A critical analysis of the law of the child act, 2009 on the protection of children against sexual violence
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Kweka, Deckrine Dominic
For quite a long time children protection has been given less attention. As a result children are facing several violence and abuses including sexual violence. An era came when children protection began to be considered since children began to be treated as human beings in the community. That was propagated when the CRC and ACRWC came into force. Despite the fact that Tanzania has ratified these aforementioned instruments in 1991 and 2003 respectively, she took almost twenty good years since the ratifications of these instruments to enact the law specific for children. It was on the 4th November 2009 when the Law of the Child Act was enacted. The purpose of enacting this Act was to provide adequate protection to children against any form of violence including sexual violence, unfortunately child sexual violence and abuses are continuing to take place in Tanzania. The aim of this study is to critically analyse the adequacy of the Law of the Child Act in protecting children against sexual violence/abuse. The researcher deployed both library and field research. Library research involved an analysis of the problem through text books, journals, articles, reports, statutes and other relevant materials available. The researcher further conducted a field research and collected data relevant to the study, where Babati District in Manyara region was opted as area of the study. Given the objective of the research, the targeted population was 48 respondents which involved State Attorneys, Police Officers, Magistrates, Advocates, Social Welfare Officers, Medical Doctors, children and parents/guardians. Therefore, it is concluded that, the Law of the Child Act does not adequately provide protection to children against sexual violence, the institutions established under the Act are weak in guaranteeing comprehensive children protection against sexual violence and there are other factors hindering the implementation of the Child Act towards children protection against sexual violence. In concluding, possible solutions that can be used to solve this problem have been pointed out.
A critical analysis of the law of the Child Act, 2009 on the protection of children against sexual violence
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Deckrine, Dominic. K.
For quite a long time children protection has been given less attention. As a result children are facing several violence and abuses including sexual violence. An era came when children protection began to be considered since children began to be treated as human beings in the community. That was propagated when the CRC and ACRWC came into force. Despite the fact that Tanzania has ratified these aforementioned instruments in 1991 and 2003 respectively, she took almost twenty good years since the ratifications of these instruments to enact the law specific for children. It was on the 4th November 2009 when the Law of the Child Act was enacted. The purpose of enacting this Act was to provide adequate protection to children against any form of violence including sexual violence, unfortunately child sexual violence and abuses are continuing to take place in Tanzania. The aim of this study is to critically analyse the adequacy of the Law of the Child Act in protecting children against sexual violence/abuse. The researcher deployed both library and field research. Library research involved an analysis of the problem through text books, journals, articles, reports, statutes and other relevant materials available. The researcher further conducted a field research and collected data relevant to the study, where Babati District in Manyara region was opted as area of the study. Given the objective of the research, the targeted population was 48 respondents which involved State Attorneys, Police Officers, Magistrates, Advocates, Social Welfare Officers, Medical Doctors, children and parents/guardians. Therefore, it is concluded that, the Law of the Child Act does not adequately provide protection to children against sexual violence, the institutions established under the Act are weak in guaranteeing comprehensive children protection against sexual violence and there are other factors hindering the implementation of the Child Act towards children protection against sexual violence. In concluding, possible solutions that can be used to solve this problem have been pointed out.
A critical analysis of the law of the child act, 2009 on the protection of children against sexual violence
(2016) Kweka, Deckrine Dominic
For quite a long time children protection has been given less attention. As a result children are facing several violence and abuses including sexual violence. An era came when children protection began to be considered since children began to be treated as human beings in the community. That was propagated when the CRC and ACRWC came into force. Despite the fact that Tanzania has ratified these aforementioned instruments in 1991 and 2003 respectively, she took almost twenty good years since the ratifications of these instruments to enact the law specific for children. It was on the 4th November 2009 when the Law of the Child Act was enacted. The purpose of enacting this Act was to provide adequate protection to children against any form of violence including sexual violence, unfortunately child sexual violence and abuses are continuing to take place in Tanzania. The aim of this study is to critically analyse the adequacy of the Law of the Child Act in protecting children against sexual violence/abuse. The researcher deployed both library and field research. Library research involved an analysis of the problem through text books, journals, articles, reports, statutes and other relevant materials available. The researcher further conducted a field research and collected data relevant to the study, where Babati District in Manyara region was opted as area of the study. Given the objective of the research, the targeted population was 48 respondents which involved State Attorneys, Police Officers, Magistrates, Advocates, Social Welfare Officers, Medical Doctors, children and parents/guardians. Therefore, it is concluded that, the Law of the Child Act does not adequately provide protection to children against sexual violence, the institutions established under the Act are weak in guaranteeing comprehensive children protection against sexual violence and there are other factors hindering the implementation of the Child Act towards children protection against sexual violence. In concluding, possible solutions that can be used to solve this problem have been pointed out.
A critical analysis on effectiveness of the laws and practice governing registration of foreign companies in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Kashoza, Bahati
Foreign company means company incorporated outside the territory which have established a place of business in the territory and continue to have an established place of business within the territory. Tanzania is endowed with enormous natural resources and other economic potentials that provide for the increasing opportunities of investment. Owing to her rich natural resources and potential areas for investment in the agriculture, manufacturing, tourism, mining and energy industries, Tanzania has attracted a handful of big investors from foreign countries. This study was aimed to examine on the laws and practice governing the registration of foreign companies in Tanzania. In which the study contained five chapters. In the study, the main objectives was to have a critical analysis in the legal and regulatory framework in relation to the registration of foreign companies in Tanzania while specific objectives were to examine the extent of benefits on effective laws and practice governing registration of foreign companies; to analyze loopholes in legal and regulatory framework governing the registration of foreign companies that attracts foreign companies to the abuse of freedom of investment and doing business and examine to what extent of awareness provided by the institution concerned registration of foreign companies. The study was conducted at Dar Es Salaam City and involved a sample size of 30 respondents was recruited for this study. The population sample was based from TIPER (Tanzanian and Italian Petroleum Refining Company Limited). Cargo Delivery Freighters Ltd and East Cost Oil & Fats Co. Ltd, in Directors, legal officers and Company Secretaries were selected. Also interviews and questionnaire were administered to advocates dealing with corporate laws, academician experts in corporate Laws, high court judges of the Commercial Division, TRA and BRELA officials.
A critical analysis on effectiveness of the laws and practice governing registration of foreign companies in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Kashoza, Bahati
Foreign company means company incorporated outside the territory which have established a place of business in the territory and continue to have an established place of business within the territory. 1 Tanzania is endowed with enormous natural resources and other economic potentials that provide for the increasing opportunities of investment. Owing to her rich natural resources and potential areas for investment in the agriculture, manufacturing, tourism, mining and energy industries, Tanzania has attracted a handful of big investors from foreign countries. This study was aimed to examine on the laws and practice governing the registration of foreign companies in Tanzania. In which the study contained five chapters. In the study, the main objectives was to have a critical analysis in the legal and regulatory framework in relation to the registration of foreign companies in Tanzania while specific objectives were to examine the extent of benefits on effective laws and practice governing registration of foreign companies; to analyze loopholes in legal and regulatory framework governing the registration of foreign companies that attracts foreign companies to the abuse of freedom of investment and doing business and examine to what extent of awareness provided by the institution concerned registration of foreign companies. The study was conducted at Dar Es Salaam City and involved a sample size of 30 respondents was recruited for this study. The population sample was based from TIPER (Tanzanian and Italian Petroleum Refining Company Limited). Cargo Delivery Freighters Ltd and East Cost Oil & Fats Co. Ltd, in Directors, legal officers and Company Secretaries were selected. Also interviews and questionnaire were administered to advocates dealing with corporate laws, academician experts in corporate Laws, high court judges of the Commercial Division, TRA and BRELA officials.
A critical assessment of the legitimacy of the international investment arbitration system: A call for reform
(University of the Western Cape, 2015) Cosmas, Julius
Currently most international investment disputes are settled through arbitration. The origin of this dispute settlement system can be associated with the recent proliferation of over 3000 Bilateral Investment Treaties. Through this system disputes are settled by autonomous and differently constituted tribunals which have powers to render final and binding awards. The dissatisfied party has very limited opportunity to challenge the rendered award as there are no higher bodies in the hierarchy where a dissatisfied party can lodge an appeal, save for limited procedural challenges which are allowed under the system. These differently constituted tribunals at times reach diametrically opposed decisions on similar facts and those decisions stand side by side and all are considered valid. These inconsistent decisions are leading to lack of consistency and uniformity which in turn affects the legitimacy of the system as a whole. The rules of these institutions do not allow the proceedings to be held in public despite the fact that at times these tribunals question the regulatory powers of the state and state measures on service provision to its citizens. Another issue under the current system is that due to lack of coordination, arbitrators play dual roles: as counsels and arbitrators. This practice compromises the cherished principle of the rule of law. In the effort to address these concerns, stakeholders have suggested a number of possible solutions. The suggested solutions include: invoking res judicata and lis pendens principles; adopting the doctrine of precedent; applying the ‘fork in the road’ principle; adopting the margin of appreciation standard in interpretation of BITs; creating an appellate structure at ICSID and creating a treaty to treaty appellate body. This research submits that, the suggested solutions singularly and cumulatively don not address the legitimacy issues adequately. The research therefore calls for the establishment of a Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) in order to address the legitimacy issues cumulatively. It is submitted that establishing a Multilateral Investment Agreement (MAI) which provides for creating a standing international investment court with an appellate court is the only solution which addresses all the issues haunting the international investment dispute settlement system. In addition, the research suggests interim solutions which will help to increase the legitimacy of the current system pending the establishment of the MAI and the courts. The interim solutions include: establishment of the investor – state dispute adjudication Centre; effective utilisation of host state courts; mandatory publication of all awards; enhancing the effective use of member states interpretative statement; and forming a working commission to provide basic interpretation and the scope of the basic international investment law principles. These measures are only meant to improve the current system pending the establishment of the MAI and the courts. The research concludes that for the betterment of international investment law, the reform is inevitable and that the benefits would outweigh any demerits.
A Decision supporting algorithm for improving sunflower production amidst changing weather in the singida region, Tanzania
(East African Journal of Science, Technology and Innovation, 2024) Kisanjara, Simeo; Matimbwa, Hadija
Recent drastic weather shifts driven by global warming have adversely affected African agriculture, culminating in low crop yields. The purpose of this study is to design decision support algorithms (DSA) that will aid sunflower farmers in the Singida Region in managing the risks associated with weather variations and consequently improve crop yields. A total of 80 respondents, including meteorologists, agricultural extension officers (AEOs), and farmers with feature and smart phones, contributed to the study's designedand empirical validation of the algorithm. The study designed and validated the DSA that assist sunflower growers in the Singida region in making informed decisions to improve productivity amidst adverse weather changes. As revealed, farmerswho use both smartphones and feature phones are extremely satisfied with the DSA functions. The decision support algorithm designedin this study integrates smart and feature phone elements that were overlooked in comparable, prior systems and algorithms.Farmers that grow other crops that behave similarly to sunflower in areas with characteristicscomparable to the Singida region will find the study's designedand validated algorithm helpful. In order to assist sunflower farmers in making decisions, theDSA interprets and processes data on a predetermined set of daily activities. In order to advance the use of ICT applications in farming activities, the study's findings took into consideration farmers who used feature phones with SMS-based notifications and those who used smartphones. The existing systems mostly concentrated on integrating web-based systems through mobile phones, which is dependent only on internet connectivity being available. Moreover, the use of web-based systems via mobile phones only results in restricted coverage and is out of reach for many farmers. Thus, the innovative element that emphasizes the study's contribution to the field in Tanzania's rural areas is the integration of feature and smart phone.IntroductionAgricultural production in Africa is significantly impacted by adverse weather shifts owing to variability (Stevanovi’c et al.,2016). The continent’svulnerability is attributable to severalchallenges, including extreme poverty, limitedemployment opportunities, and a lack of Keywords:ICTs; Decision Support Algorithm; Smart-feature phone; weather changes; Agriculture;Sunflower Productivity Cite as,Kisanjara and Matimbwa,(2024). A Decision supporting algorithm for improving sunflower production amidst changing weather in the singidaregion, Tanzania.East African Journal of Science, Technology and Innovation 5(2).Received: 02/01/24Accepted: 05/03/24Published: 28/03/24EISSN: 2707-0425
A framework for enhancing adoption of e-tax service in Tanzania
(Makerere University, 2014) Deogratus, Daniel
Electronic tax service has proved to facilitate easy communication between clients and the authority in the aspect of helping the clients to have access to the service without time and location boundaries, it is the fact that adoption of electronic tax service in most of developing countries remain poor. As a result of this e-tax service in place are marked with limitations such as technological barriers, low utilization of services, poor electronic service provision, poor customer support. A major contributor to the low adoption rates for e-tax services is the lack of appropriate models to explain e-tax adoption in the Revenue authority. This study aimed to e-tax develop a model that support electronic tax services adoption in Tanzania Revenue authority to fully utilize potential benefits of electronic tax service. A questionnaire based exploratory field study was administered to taxpayers and administrators working with Tanzania Revenue authority. Out of a total of 300 respondents who were given questionnaires, 267 respondents returned validly filled questionnaires showing a response rate of 89%. The factors obtained from the results of the field study were used to extend TOE framework in order to derive a appropriate model that explains the adoption of electronic tax service in Tanzanian context. To validate the model, expert opinions were compared with the results of the field study. The validated results showed that four factors namely: Financial institution participation, Trust, electronic payment systems availability and Training had significantly impact on adopting electronic tax services in Tanzania. These factors could be used as measures to overcome the challenges of e-tax adoption in Developing countries like Tanzania. The results also contribute to electronic tax literature by providing a model for improved understanding of the factors that are vital for the electronic tax adoption. The model is generic and can be adopted for use by other economically and technologically transitioning countries with similar contexts as Tanzania.
A framework for Online Resources and E-learning Implementation (OREI) in Tanzania secondary schools
(2016) Kihoza, Patrick Daniel
The generic model of an education system is formed by pedagogy, social interaction, and technological components. Current generation is born into a digital world, distinguished from other generations by the presence of sophisticated media, World Wide Web, mobile devices, and the multitasking computer systems that enhance learning beyond the classroom walls. In recent years, the shortcomings on the traditional learning approaches have forced an increased demand for the use of digital educational resources that enhance effectiveness to the pre-existed approaches. However, deployment of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in schools face internal and external challenges that are either related to lack of funding, lack of ICT implementation strategic plan, lack of experts’ involvement, lack of users competencies and or relevant infrastructures and technologies to be used. As a gap to this study, most of previous studies focused on the design of elearning tools (software, mobile apps, and interactive systems). However, the lack of a framework that integrates efforts of all key players for the planning of ICT use in secondary education exists. In addition, ICT tools are dumped in schools where users have no skills and their readiness is not well determined. A solid approach for technology and infrastructure deployment in the education system is essential. This study introduced an integrated online resources and e-learning implementation (OREI) framework. In Tanzania, applying pedagogical ICT tools in secondary education is highly considered as a necessity. The need therefore for teachers’ professional development should be aligned to the overall education objectives and the opportunities of the pedagogical use of ICTs. In this study, a mixed research design used qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect data using questionnaires, interviews and document reviews from the MoEVT head office, Tanzania institute of education (TIE), Schools’ inspection eastern zone office, Morogoro Teachers Training College, Mzumbe University, four public Secondary Schools (Kilakala, Kipera, Mongola and Lupanga) both from Morogoro region. This study found that, teachers are passionate to know and use ICTs but failed due to existing external limitations (e.g. accessibility to hardware and software) and internal limitations-(e.g. personal attitudes, skills and perceptions about a technology). Teachers’ education level could not determine their ICT use competency levels. Majorities are poorly prepared in ICT use and ii could fail to mix digital and non-digital technologies in classrooms when enabled. The challenges secondary schools face in relation to ICT use are complex and should not be resolved from single direction. The uses of ICTs have mostly focused on infrastructures and less on ICT associated learning opportunities. Among the worst practices have been dumping hardware in schools without relevant e-contents, adopting ICT-related models and practices of the developed nations hoping for them to work, lack of clearly defined ICT in education implementation plan and framework. Emerging from the reviewed literature and the empirical data, we introduced an innovative framework to support the process of planning, deployment, and monitoring and evaluation of the ICTs in education in Tanzania, which is a study case. The study identified seven components of the OREI framework namely: (1) government support, (2) ICT infrastructures, (3) technology deployment, (4) policies and guidelines, (5) training and recruitment, (6) stake holders involvement and (7) the monitoring and evaluation; followed by the design based approach which led to the initial framework design. ELearning application in developing countries could only be realized when the ICT in education policies, the education vision strategic plan and the implementation framework are well coordinated. This study presents key recommendations. The government should clearly define the model of technology use in secondary education. The strategic plan should state measurable achievements to avoid entering the worst ICT investment practices. There is a need for authoritative approach to the study of the degree of ICT in education integration that makes use of such indicators within developmental models of integration of ICT in education with considerations of local circumstances. Tanzania as a nation should define levels of ICT integration and break them into goal oriented phases. For the government to know whether one model of instructional materials is a better choice than another, it must know which students are being exposed to which instructional materials. In the perspective of ICT in education planning, designing and deployment it is necessary to bring ICT into a familiar educational framework as a tool equally to textbooks and in time allow and pro-actively encourage the government to intentionally budget for them equally. It is clear that a balance is required between providing off line digital content resources, online content and online content creation tools that allow teachers and students to create and share their own teaching and learning contents
A framework for Online Resources and E-Learning Implementation (OREI) in Tanzania Secondary Schools
(Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, 2016) Kihoza, Patrick D.
The generic model of an education system is formed by pedagogy, social interaction, and technological components. Current generation is born into a digital world, distinguished from other generations by the presence of sophisticated media, World Wide Web, mobile devices, and the multitasking computer systems that enhance learning beyond the classroom walls. In recent years, the shortcomings on the traditional learning approaches have forced an increased demand for the use of digital educational resources that enhance effectiveness to the pre-existed approaches. However, deployment of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in schools face internal and external challenges that are either related to lack of funding, lack of ICT implementation strategic plan, lack of experts’ involvement, lack of user’s competencies and or relevant infrastructures and technologies to be used. As a gap to this study, most of previous studies focused on the design of e-learning tools (software, mobile apps, and interactive systems). However, the lack of a framework that integrates efforts of all key players for the planning of ICT use in secondary education exists. In addition, ICT tools are dumped in schools where users have no skills and their readiness is not well determined. A solid approach for technology and infrastructure deployment in the education system is essential. This study introduced an integrated online resources and e-learning implementation (OREI) framework. In Tanzania, applying pedagogical ICT tools in secondary education is highly considered as a necessity. The need therefore for teachers’ professional development should be aligned to the overall education objectives and the opportunities of the pedagogical use of ICTs. In this study, a mixed research design used qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect data using questionnaires, interviews and document reviews from the MoEVT head office, Tanzania institute of education (TIE), Schools’ inspection eastern zone office, Morogoro Teachers Training College, Mzumbe University, four public Secondary Schools (Kilakala, Kipera, Mongola and Lupanga) from Morogoro region. This study found that, teachers are passionate to know and use ICTs but failed due to existing external limitations (e.g. accessibility to hardware and software) and internal limitations-(e.g. personal attitudes, skills and perceptions about a technology). Teachers’ education level could not determine their ICT use competency levels. Majorities are poorly prepared in ICT use and could fail to mix digital and non-digital technologies in classrooms when enabled. The challenges secondary schools face in relation to ICT use are complex and should not be resolved from single direction. The uses of ICTs have mostly focused on infrastructures and less on ICT associated learning opportunities. Among the worst practices have been dumping hardware in schools without relevant e-contents, adopting ICT-related models and practices of the developed nations hoping for them to work, lack of clearly defined ICT in education implementation plan and framework. Emerging from the reviewed literature and the empirical data, we introduced an innovative framework to support the process of planning, deployment, and monitoring and evaluation of the ICTs in education in Tanzania, which is a study case. The study identified seven components of the OREI framework namely: (1) government support, (2) ICT infrastructures, (3) technology deployment, (4) policies and guidelines, (5) training and recruitment, (6) stake holder’s involvement and (7) the monitoring and evaluation; followed by the design based approach which led to the initial framework design. ELearning application in developing countries could only be realized when the ICT in education policies, the education vision strategic plan and the implementation framework are well coordinated. This study presents key recommendations. The government should clearly define the model of technology use in secondary education. The strategic plan should state measurable achievements to avoid entering the worst ICT investment practices. There is a need for authoritative approach to the study of the degree of ICT in education integration that makes use of such indicators within developmental models of integration of ICT in education with considerations of local circumstances. Tanzania as a nation should define levels of ICT integration and break them into goal oriented phases. For the government to know whether one model of instructional materials is a better choice than another, it must know which students are being exposed to which instructional materials. In the perspective of ICT in education planning, designing and deployment it is necessary to bring ICT into a familiar educational framework as a tool equally to textbooks and in time allow and pro-actively encourage the government to intentionally budget for them equally. It is clear that a balance is required between providing offline digital content resources, online content and online content creation tools that allow teachers and students to create and share their own teaching and learning contents.