Procurement and Logistics Management

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    Achievement of value for money in local government authorities: A case of Kahama town council
    (Mzumbe University, 2014) Kime, Semen Kukula
    Procurement is an important sector in the Tanzania economy at large. Technically, 70% of Government budget expenditure is on procurement of goods, works and services (PPRA, 2011).Value for Money concept is one among the main pillar of public procurement that ensures value is achieved during procurement transactions utilizing public funds. The main objective was to study the effectiveness of procurement procedures towards ensuring the achievement of value for money in public procurement. In order to accomplish this objective, a set of specific research objective were formulated that included finding out the factors contributing to the achievement of value for money, determining problems hindering the achievement of value for money and identifying challenges encountered during procurement proceedings that may affect achievement of value for money. Procurement aims to ensure that the right good works or services are delivered to the right place, in the right quantity with the right quality at the right cost [price] in the right time. In fact procurement using the framework contract has been established to ensure that the 5R’s of procurement are obtained. The sample of the study consisted of 30 respondents drawn from a population that was made with members from PMU,Tender Board members,Other heads of departments and members user departments. The researcher used questionnaire, interview and observation to collect the data. The researcher used Microsoft excel to make the necessary calculations of the data which helped him to derive the frequencies and percentages which were the presented in diagram.These findings were discussed to arrive at conclusions which included that the Kahama District Council got the Specialised Items in the right quality and at the right time but at a price higher than what was has had been agreed in the initial contract.
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    Assessment of procurement processes in lower Local Government Authority (LLGA’s evidences from Kilimanjaro and Manyara (LLGAs)
    (Mzumbe University, 2016) Bayo, Rose R.
    This study aimed at assessing procurement processes in lower local Government authority in Hanang District Council and Moshi Municipal council. From Hanang, It involved Balangadalalu, Gehandu, Nangwa, Dumbeta, Endasak, Endagaw, Galangal, Bassotu, Simbay and Hidet villages. Also Fonga, Matindigani, Majengo-mapya, Bomambuzi, Kanisani, Kilimani, Pasua-Sokoni, Reline, Kaloleni and Msasani mitaa of Moshi Municipal council were involved. The objectives of this study were; to identify organs responsible for the procurement processes in lower local government authorities, to examine procedures followed during procurement processes in lower local government authorities, to identify factors affecting procurement processes in lower local government authorities and to examine effort done to rectify the procurement processes in lower local government authorities The study used descriptive survey research that allowed the use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data for this study were obtain from both primary and secondary sources whereby interview and questionnaires were used as data collection methods (through the use of Interview and Questionnaires guide) for primary data and documentary review for secondary data. The study comprised of 79 sample size obtain from the population size of 376 through the use of Yamane, (1967) formular. The obtained data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) through the use of descriptive statistics method. The analysis indicated that village committee is the organ responsible for procurement in lower local government authorities. Furthermore the study found that the village committee do not follow the stated procedures for procurement of goods and services, and that there are different factors affecting procurement processes such as lack of procurement knowledge to actors, lack of technical support, political interferences from the leaders, delay of fund, long procurement procedures and corruptions.it is recommended that it is necessary to for the government to provide capacity building and technical support at the lower local government authority to improve procurement skills.
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    Assessment of transparency in tendering process in public organizations
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Mwinamila, Fredrick Charles
    The objective of the research was to assess the transparency in tendering process in public organization. Thus the study identifies a problem that leads to poor performance in implementation of public procurement procedures, and also provides views on how procurement process should be carried out. Four organizations being a case that to achieve the objective of the study, interview, questionnaires, documentary sources and observation were used to obtain important information’s for research study. The targeted populations was mainly four public organizations that is MOI, MZUMBE, TANESCO and TASAF employees from both the headquarters where by qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques were used. The methodology above explains how the work was carried out as well as different techniques that were used on this research study. The data obtained were complied, tabulated, graded in percentages and analyzed in relations to research questions. The research findings were used in drawing conclusion on the problem. The research budget on time and money to be spent were considered and this enabled the researcher to fulfill his plan as well as the institutes plan on this study. However it has been revealed that, institutions whose research projects are not supported at 100% by the government, their project investigator/Research scientists involved in such projects tend to favor their professionals. In this study the researcher has found the following as major reasons for deviations of the public procurement Act policies and procedures. Lack of knowledge in public procurement Act Procedures. In adequacy of funds in the organizations and dependency of donor funds. Lack of capacity in procurement section, Improper positioning of procurement section. Poor implementations of well documented procurement procedures which lead to poor performance in public procurements. The public organizations argued to educate its employees in the application of the PPA procedures through workshops governed by PPRA and other stakeholders. Others are like failure to follow Public procurement Act of 2004 page 21 and its regulations of 2005 due to corrupt organizations bureaucracy
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    Challenges facing effectiveness of preparation and implementation of Annual Procurement Plan in procuring entities.
    (Mzumbe University, 2018) Bryson,H.
    The aim of the study was to identify the challenges facing effectiveness of preparation and implementation of Annual procurement plan at Njombe Town Council. Specifically the study aimed at assessing whether process which are needed to be done in APP preparation being followed by NTC, determining the factors affecting preparation and implementation of APP and also identifying the measures which should be taken by NTC to implement better APP. The data for this study were collected by using questionnaires and interviews guide. The researcher employed cross sectional design with the sample size of 56 respondents which was selected by using simple random techniques and purposive sampling techniques. Data collected were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively by Descriptive statistics and multiple regression model by the help of SPSS version 20. The findings from the study revealed that NTC follows effectively four procedures of preparing APP which are notification to users, proper aggregation of requirements, proper arrangement of tender board committee meetings and Configuration and approval of Annual procurement plan while two procedures which are submission of users requirement to PMU and Publication and review of the Annual procurement plan are not followed effectively by NTC. Also the study revealed that skilled and competent personnel, APP templates, cooperation, and procurement forecasting were statistical significant to effectiveness of APP preparation while fund, economic change, political intervention and procurement procedures were statistical significant to the effectiveness of implementation of APP. Hence from the findings it was revealed that in order to have effective implementation of APP, enough fund should be release, training should be provided to users and there should be no political intervention in procurement matters. It was recommended that for organization to archive the value for money, the better preparation and implementation of APP should be done at NTC.
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    Challenges in clearing and forwarding activities perspective from Dar Ees Salaam port authority
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Matiya, Florentina J-Msc.PSCM-SOB-2013
    The study assessed challenges facing clearing and forwarding agents in the process of clearing consignments at the Dar es Salaam Port Authority. Specific objectives included assessment of the effectiveness of legal/regulatory framework (policy, procedures/guideline) on the system of clearing consignment at the port of Dar es Salaam, to examine the process/ practices of clearing Consignments at the port of Dar es Salaam and to identify challenges in clearing and forwarding process at the Port of Dar es salaam. The research design used was descriptive survey whereby a number of authorities and clearing and forwarding agency were selected. Data collection methods included interviews, questionnaires, observation and documentary review. Data were analyzed through Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. Findings of the study indicate that. The findings of the study revealed that clearing and forwarding involves cumbersome procedure that associated with bureaucracy, corruption, also, it was revealed that some procures are manually operated while few are computerized. Results indicates that the time taken for processing clearance of imported goods from arrival to the removal was 8 days at Dar es Salaam port, while time taken for processing clearance of exported goods from lodgments to departure is 5 days at the port. Due to such delays the government loose revenues and customers were not happy with the status of the service delivered. The study concluded that a well planned improvement yield positive results normally shared equally between the private and public sector and have a long term impact to the entire economy of the country. It is also a process that requires step by step and strong determination to push for complete change as in most cases change is resisted. Otherwise, based on the available findings, it was recommended that modernization of customs administration is required to reduce the cost of doing business and trade. Importers should submit required documents to the respective agencies on time such as TRA, EWURA, and TBS to mention just few enable those agencies to process them on time. Importers should also pay customs and port charges on time to avoid demurrages.
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    Effectiveness of works procurement contract management in achieving value for money: A case study of College of Business Education – Dar es salaam campus
    (Mzumbe University, 2017) Mnango, Hassan I
    Contract management is an important activity in public procurement especially on executing development projects while aiming at value for money. On the contrary, reports from the Public Procurement Regulatory Authority show that funds have been wasted due to poor contract management practices, hindering value for money achievement in most of the public institutions across the globe. Generally, the study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of works procurement contract management in achieving value for money. Specifically the study aimed at describing the procurement methods used in works contract, the criteria used in evaluation and selection of contractors and the extent to which the contracting parties fulfill their objectives in achieving Value for money Taking the case of College of Business Education, a case study research design was used to undertake the study where by purposive and simple random samplings were used to take a sample of 69 respondents. Data were collected through the questionnaire, interview, and document review. Based on the collected data the researcher used both qualitative and quantitative approach to analyze data; qualitative data were analyzed through the use of interpretive and reflexive approaches while the quantitative data were analyzed through the utilization of SPSS program which assisted the researcher to run some of the analysis. The findings reveal that College of Business Education has been able to achieve value for money in the works procurement contracts as results of having the effective contract management practices through selection of proper procurement methods that influence competition and lead to getting the reliable contractors at lowest costs. Also through the criteria for evaluation and selection of contractors has been able to get capable and competent contractors, and it avoids favoritism and corruption. Lastly, the contracting parties fulfill their objectives by delivering the quality and completed work on time, and paying the contractors on time. Due to all these factors, they guarantee the achievement of value for money despite of some few weaknesses.
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    Impact of networking through the use of ICT on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Tanzania: A survey of smes in Arusha city
    (Mzumbe university, 2014) Glory Jared Mtei
    SMEs are unable to achieve their goals by themselves, they need support and resources from external factors such as other firms, supporting institutions and relatives and friends. thus, studies have argued that the success of small firms depend on the supporting networks (Donckels and Lambrecht, 1995) Realizing this, the researcher decided to assess the impact of networking on the performance of SMEs in Tanzania as the case of Arusha city. Specifically, the study assessed the contribution of networking on productivity of SMEs, the role of networking on market accessibility of SMEs, and determined the contribution of networking on profitability of SMEs. The study used survey research design and it involved 40 SMEs from Arusha city. The structured questionnaires were distributed by the researcher to these 40 respondents (SMEs) for data collection. Convenience sampling technique was used to select 40 SMEs involved in this study. Data collected from survey questionnaire were analysed by using the statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). From the study, it was found that networking through ICT was used by SMEs in their daily activities and was helpful in productivity, market accessibility and profitability of their businesses which included increase of their business’ functionality, increase in profit margin and enabled them to advertise their products and services. The study concluded that, networking through the usage of ICT usage is vital in SMEs and therefore, there is a need for SMEs support in knowledge management to achieve their business goals. The study hence recommended for ICT trainings and a well articulated policy which will focus on ICT usage in SMEs specifically on the costs reduction of ICT related equipment’s.
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    Private sector water services delivery in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
    (Mzumbe University, 2014) Chediel, Zawadi
    This study intended to assess the private sector water services delivery in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. The study focus on exploring the factors influence the delivery of water services to Dar es Salaam resident by private sector in Tanzania. The study specific objectives includes; identification of factors affect water quality delivery to DSM consumers by private sectors in Tanzania, examine the effect of price by Private sectors in delivering water to consumers in Dar es Salaam Tanzania, to investigate the effect of infrastructure in water supply to Dar es Salaam water consumer in Tanzania and to investigate the effect of urban planning to the delivery of water service by private sector to Dar es Salaam residents in Tanzania. A study used a case study as the research design to describe the private sector water services delivery in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. Data were collected through uses of questionnaires, interviews and documentary reviews. Questionnaires were both closed open-ended questions. Interviews were conducted on the basis of predetermined interview guide. Thus both qualitative and quantitative methods were collectively employed in the process of collecting data and information required in this study. The study concluded that, quality of water is still a challenge to both DAWASCO and private sector, this is due to the fact that the chain from service provide to the final consumer is long. Also the the water facilities and infrastructure are poor. This affecting the quality of water. The price charged by water vendor is high and normally determine by water demand, vendor are not compete on price lather than collaborate. Also the poor urban planning in the city create a challenge in supply and improvement of water infrastructure. Based on the study findings the study recommending that, the involvement of private sector in water service delivery at large will solve the current problem of water service in Dar es Salaam. The study further suggest the use of PPPs forms in dealing with water problem.
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    The consequences of poor specification and standardization in public organizations: A case study of Kibaha education centre
    (2013) Josephat, Jones
    The study report on consequences of poor specification and standardization was carried at Kibaha Education centre. The purpose of the study was to assess the outcomes of poor specification and standardization of goods and services at KEC. Specification is the first and important point in procurement circle thus right specification can lead the user to acquire right requirements hence gain value for money. Right specification also leads to standardization. Thus report argues that apart from the lack of specification manual also the user department doesn’t know how to specify their need this is due to lack of standardization of some of their needs. The main objective of the report intended to determine the significance of specification and standardization in the performance of procurement activities at Kibaha Education Centre. However, it has been found that there was poor communication, poor time management, lack of specification and standardization manual, lack of knowledge, poor planning, unavailability funds and lack of qualified personnel. These are some major causes to inefficiency in specification and standardization at Kibaha Education Centre. The study examined how a well-determined specification of requirement can add economic value to the performance in public organization. In order to achieve this there must be policy that can be applied in improving and supporting specification and standardization of requirements. The report at the end draws a conclusion and recommendations that, KEC needs to institute specification and standardization measures to enhance procurement activities, to prepare and apply specification and standardization manual and to make a sound communication between user departments and PMU. However Kibaha Education Centre as to recruit personnel with appropriate academic and professional qualification personnel and need to establish good system of training of existing staff.
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    The economic impact of contract farming for smallholders’ tobacco producers in Urambo District, Tabora region
    (Mzumbe University, 2016) Kassim, Ashura Urassa
    This study aimed at assessing the economic impact of contract farming for smallholders‟ tobacco producers in Urambo District. The study was guided by three specific objectives: examining the cost and return of tobacco smallholders‟ farmers under contract farming scheme, examining the resource use efficiency of smallholders‟ tobacco farmers under the contract farming, and analyzing yield and price uncertainties involved in the tobacco production and marketing by the smallholders‟ contracts farmers. The study employed a cross –sectional design with a sample of 94 respondents selected using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. A mixed approach was used in studying the phenomena. Quantitative data from questionnaire were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).The Cobb Douglas production function was used to determine the impact of factors of production and contract farming characteristics. The qualitative data from interview guide were analyzed descriptively using content analysis procedure. Findings of this study revealed the following: there is a positive return in tobacco contract farming; resources utilization was efficient with family being a major source of labor. It was also revealed that yield were affected limits in amount to be produced, whereas price being affected by existence of so many grades of tobacco leaves. In the light of above findings it is recommended that: the Primary Cooperative Society should reduce the interest imposed on the farmers, farming implements should reach farming at right time and right quantity. There is a dare need of reducing number of grades for tobacco leaves from 72 to at least 35. WETCU should remain as supervisors of Primary Societies and not supplier of farming implements