Dissertations (Masters)-A&F.-SOB

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Welcome to the Department of Accounting and Finance collection, dedicated to archiving and showcasing dissertations authored by esteemed members of our academic community, including both faculty and students in the School of Business (SoB).

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The Role of internal audit unit in safeguarding the public funds in local government authorities: The case of Sumbawanga Municipal council
(Mzumbe University, 2012) Mbasya, Ernest Baroma
The study aimed at looking on the role of Internal Audit Unit on Safeguarding Public Funds on Local Government Authorities ; the case of Sumbawanga Municipal Council. Safeguarding Public Funds on Local Government Authorities depends much the level of performance of the management and the IAU is supposed to check if the Management perform its duties according to the controls and guidelines, so the report of the IAU must reveal the level of performance of the management so if there is weaknesses we expect the IAU to be in the first line to reveal such weaknesses. Though there is IAU in SMC but still do not reveal the weak performance of the management of SMC. The objectives of the study were to identify the functions of the IAU in SMC so as to check why it does not reveal the weak performance of the management which causes the misuse of the public funds. The level of competence of the internal auditors was examined to see if they are competent to perform their work. The level of independence also was examined to check if they are independent in mind and appearance. The level of objectivity was examined to see if the internal auditors are free from conflict of interest in their normal works. Data for the study were collected by means of interviews and sample questionnaires in which a total of 90 respondents participated in the study. Research findings indicate that IAU has not done enough to safeguard Public funds in local governments because the section instead of ensuring that public funds are properly safeguarded , it ends-up with reports which do not reveal the misuse of the public funds so that many stakeholders recently decide to rely much on Safeguarding Public Funds like the CAG’s report. Based on these findings, it shows that the IAU in Sumbawanga Municipal Council failed to reveal the misuse of the public funds so as to make sure that the government officials accountable in various ways on safeguarding the public funds. Therefore, there is a need to check out the reporting channel of the IAU so as enable them to be more independent in their work for example the IAU have to report to the Internal Auditor General and not Municipal Director. There is a need also to provide on-job training so as to increase the level of competence and provision of proper guidelines and other support like adequate financial ability.
Impact of internal controls on execution of payroll system : A case study of Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs – Zanzibar (MoFEA)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Ahmada, Ridhwan I.
Many of the organizations’ activities are not attained due to poor or ineffective of internal controls system; with proper internal controls however guarantee the efficiency of a particular system (activities). Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the impact of internal controls on execution of payroll system to the Ministry of finance and economics affairs Zanzibar (MoFEA). The research methodology used case study research approach. A sample size of 60 respondents who comprised of MoFEA’s employees and other staffs working with the government of Zanzibar was involved. The methods of data collection involved both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected by using questionnaires and interview guide whereas documentary review was used in secondary method. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, and simple calculations by calculator were used to analyze the data where simple frequencies and percentages were created. The study findings observed that, internal controls were available on the payroll system of the organization; these were 78.3% of the respondents. Specifically 83.3% said that pay slips are issued, 65% segregation of duties is available, 95% block of salaries is exercised and 80% government payroll review is too exercised. Also the study revealed that some payroll activities were good enough for the efficiency of payroll system. In addition to that, it was found that there was compliance of internal controls in relation to the payroll system through punishments and having responsible parties to monitor the compliance. The study however portrayed that, almost 31.7% of the total respondents said that there were some weaknesses in relation to internal controls over payroll system. Following these results the researcher therefore calls for the Ministry to analyze and take the corrective measures with those weaknesses of internal controls over payroll system. The ministry also should pay salaries based on time (attendance) as this will discourage employees being absent from their work, independent check by the auditor and governments’ payroll review should be carried on in a scheduled manner. i.e. at a regular interval.
Assessment of factors limiting small and medium enterprises growth in Zanzibar : A case of Zanzibar West District
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Judama, Suleiman K.
The small and medium sized firms play very vital role in the development of any nation and no one country can complete its growth stages without small and medium sized enterprises. Hence, the focus of this thesis was the assessment of factors limiting SMEs growth in Zanzibar west district. The research model was focus on SMEs internal factors, government initiatives and financial support factors. There are numbers of factors hindering their growth; external factors such as, access to finance, tax and tariff, SMEs policy of Zanzibar and internal factors such as, Lack of experience in the business, Lack of a proper business plan, Poor managerial capability, Lack of proper record keeping i.e. accounting records, Inadequate education and training (capacity development), and Lack of professional advice. The research methodology used in data collection was survey study design in which questionnaires and interview guide as the main tools for the data collection were distributed across west district of Zanzibar. Simple random sampling was most used to obtain the required sample across the district. Both primary and secondary data type was used to obtain the required information. Primary data collected from the questionnaires were summarized, coded and a descriptive analysis of the data was conducted. Qualitative methods of data analysis were being used in analyzing the data collected. The methods used included descriptive analysis, frequencies and percentages to facilitate description of the characteristics of the sample. Findings of this study provide useful information for SMEs, financial institutions, and government of Zanzibar. The findings of the research have important implications for the SMEs, Government and Banking sector in Zanzibar. As the government targets alleviation of poverty in the countryside in four-year. Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (ZSGRP) known as Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umasikini Zanzibar (MKUZA) in its Kiswahili acronym is the second generation of national development framework to implement Vision 2020.
Assessment of factors limiting small and medium enterprises growth in Zanzibar : A case of Zanzibar West District
(Mzumbe University, 2013)
The small and medium sized firms play very vital role in the development of any nation and no one country can complete its growth stages without small and medium sized enterprises. Hence, the focus of this thesis was the assessment of factors limiting SMEs growth in Zanzibar west district. The research model was focus on SMEs internal factors, government initiatives and financial support factors. There are numbers of factors hindering their growth; external factors such as, access to finance, tax and tariff, SMEs policy of Zanzibar and internal factors such as, Lack of experience in the business, Lack of a proper business plan, Poor managerial capability, Lack of proper record keeping i.e. accounting records, Inadequate education and training (capacity development), and Lack of professional advice. The research methodology used in data collection was survey study design in which questionnaires and interview guide as the main tools for the data collection were distributed across west district of Zanzibar. Simple random sampling was most used to obtain the required sample across the district. Both primary and secondary data type was used to obtain the required information. Primary data collected from the questionnaires were summarized, coded and a descriptive analysis of the data was conducted. Qualitative methods of data analysis were being used in analyzing the data collected. The methods used included descriptive analysis, frequencies and percentages to facilitate description of the characteristics of the sample. Findings of this study provide useful information for SMEs, financial institutions, and government of Zanzibar. The findings of the research have important implications for the SMEs, Government and Banking sector in Zanzibar. As the government targets alleviation of poverty in the countryside in four-year. Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (ZSGRP) known as Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umasikini Zanzibar (MKUZA) in its Kiswahili acronym is the second generation of national development framework to implement Vision 2020.
Financial management practices: Inefficiencies for self sustainable on donor funded water projects the case study of global water initiatives program phase I
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mapunda, Keneth Njako
Financial management practices is the key role for self sustainability on donor funded water projects, and in Tanzania is the factor which undermine efforts for sustainability. Ability to pay to meet cost is the key essential issue in assuring sustainability. The main objective of the study is to assess the financial management practices specifically the inefficiencies in donor funded water projects to support self sustainable, which eventually will help water entities to achieve sustainability To archive expectation, case study approach was used as means of study. GWI phase one implementation area used as a focal point. Interviews and questioner were used to collect primary data, while secondary data were collected by reviewing butch of documents used in implementation as mean of validating of primary data. SPSS software was used to analyse data which helps to present in form of table and figures which are easy to understand. Issues such as integration between financial planning / monitoring and organization strategies, preparation and sharing of financial information, level of streamlining revenue and source of income were among of financial management related indicators which ware scrutinized. Among of major findings, evidence shows that 65% of executives do not produce financial report decision are based on knowledge and not on reports presented. Revenue collection was weak by 74.7%, slightly improved by the kind of technology deployed where deep well scheme is contributing positive by 65%. The report emphasises the need for pricing based on achieving full cost recovery. To share findings exhausted from this research the most policy implication advice is to look water problem from financial management best practice perspective. Let’s make people accountable on their act or omission which causes non functionality of the water sector, people mast pay based on the value of water. Currently water is not as free gift from god. Also let’s make people understand water entities the same as other business which are driven by surplus.
Effectiveness of audit committees in achieving independence of internal audit: A case study of Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation (TPDC)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mkwe, Thomas V.
The role of the audit committee and the internal audit function in corporate governance has grown in recent years. In that context, the audit literature and practice has underlined the increasingly important role of support and interaction between the audit committee and the internal audit with the aim to improve the corporate governance quality. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of audit committee in achieving the independence of internal auditor. Data were collected by means of questionnaires and interviews addressed to chief internal auditor, auditors, TPDC staff and the audit committee also by means of documentary sources The results suggest that the expertise and frequency of meetings of the audit committee have a positive impact on audit committee interaction with internal audit, while the size of the audit committee affects negatively this interaction. However, audit committee independence has no effect on audit committee relation with the internal audit function.
Influence of working capital management in organization performance: A case study of Zanzibar Social Security Fund (ZSSF)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Hamad, Akida
Working capital management has lately been a hot topic since the financial crisis of the late 2000’C, Companies search for liquidity and operational efficiency through minimizing their investment in working capital. How can influence of working capital management affect organization performance? This has been studies in this thesis. Specifically, the study was set in order to meet three objectives, namely; to analyze trend of Net Working capital at Zanzibar Social Security Fund, to assess the efficient of Net Working capital at ZSSF and to examine the contribution of net working capital to organization performance at ZSSF. To achieve these objectives, the study used a sample of 50 respondents who were randomly selected. Data collected by use of questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentary reviews were computed and analyzed by using SPSS computer software and Excel program. Tables and figures were used to helps the presentation of the findings. The efficient of working capital management can be determined by the working capital components such as cash, account receivables, account payables, inventories and other receivables. By testing five independent variables with organization performance by reducing cash, inventory and efficiency management of other components. The main findings indicate that ZSSF consider working capital management an important issue, yet some challenges appeared on efficiency on the payment of monthly pensionable amount to its pensioners. It is evident that the respondents placed greater emphasis or importance on the analysis of trend of net working capital, assessing the efficient of net working capital and contribution of net working capital to organization performance. Some effort is made to manage cash, accounts receivable, inventory and accounts payable and other receivables independently of each other, however given the theory of working capital management; there may be room for improvement regarding the strategies, tactics and techniques used to manage these components. Furthermore, the findings suggest that working capital management is also strategic as it impacts on the liquidity, solvency/bankruptcy, efficiency, profitability and shareholder wealth maximization of the business. In light of the findings, it was recommended that ZSSF should improve the process of payments to its members and should ensure that benefits are paid timely and to the right person. Also, the comparative study of the research should be conducted in order to assess the influence of working capital management on the performance of various pension funds operated in Tanzania. As part of this study a further area for research should be empirical investigations into the impact of working capital on company performance specifically in the service sector industry, and here the case study approach could be considered.
Determinants of interest rate spread in commercial banks: A case study of selected local and foreign banks in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Aikoh, Kenedy Jeremiah
The behavior of interest rate spread in Tanzania for a very long period of time have been strong, high and persistently showing little signs of narrowing. When compared with other East African countries, interest rate spread in Tanzania seems to be the highest. It is this persistent and low narrowing trend of the interest rate spread which gave rise to the need of studying the factors which causes high interest rate spread in commercial banks in Tanzania. The overall objective of this study was to identify the Determinant of interest rate spread in commercial banks in Tanzania and comparing the interest rate spread between the selected banks. The determinants were ascertained from review of previous literatures. Related parameters from the selected determinants were studied for the chosen banks for the period between 2006 and 2012, a period after adoption of market determined interest rate regime. The study based on the secondary data from 28 quarters of published quarterly reports of the selected commercial banks and Bank of Tanzania quarterly economic bulletin publications. Multiple regressions were applied to establish relationship between the dependent variable, interest rate spread and the chosen independent variables which were non-interest income, provision for loan losses, non-performing loans, non-interest expenses, gross domestic product rate, treasury bills rate and inflation. The results from the study indicate that the key determinants of interest rate spread for the selected commercial banks are the treasury bills rate, TBillrate; Real GDP rate, Non-interest income, NII; Provision for loan losses, PLL and Non-performing loans, NPL. The results also show that the interest rate spread for the selected local commercial bank is higher than that of the selected foreign commercial bank. The policy implication from the study is that the high responsiveness of commercial banks spread to the treasury bills and real GDP rate needs to be regulated. This study can be extended by exploring the impact of financial sector development on interest rate spreads in commercial banking system.
Assessment of the effects of corporate governance codes on corruption in Tanzania’s public sectors
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Bajwalah, Asha Juma
This study intended to assess the effects of corporate governance codes on corruption in Tanzania. Specifically it had three objectives; to assess whether corporate governance codes were adhered to in public sector, to assess the impact that corporate governance codes had on corruption eradication campaign in public sector and, finally, to identify key challenges faced by the public sector on corporate Governance codes. The study had a sample of 40 respondents that were selected on a convenient basis in the ten selected public institutions. Due to time and financial constraints the study involved public institutions in Morogoro region only. The study was descriptive in nature and survey-based. Hence it used interview, questionnaire method in the collection of primary data and observations and documentation in secondary data. Findings from the field of study revealed the following; first corporate governance codes were adhered to within the selected public institutions and, secondly, corporate governance codes of ethics had an impact on eradicating corruption practices. Moreover, corporate codes enabled the achievement of transparency in the public conduct of government officials, enhanced accountability and adherence to professional ethics by the public sector staff. The study also identified key challenges in making the codes of ethics practical and these included lack of financial resources to assess effectiveness of corporate governance codes of ethics and awareness creation campaigns, absence of employees commitment to avoid corruption due to employees’ own behaviors, inefficiencies in public offices operations for instance payment to suppliers of various resources, negative attitudes of staff built on the existing codes of ethics and, lastly, lack of awareness on the roles played by the codes of ethics. In conclusion, the study suggested that in order to combat corruption in Tanzania and to improve the state of good governance, a systematic approach has to be undertaken. This involves effecting major changes to the current corporate codes of ethics as well as emphasizing on the need for board of directors and high government officials to make sure they work in the best interest of all individuals rather than for their selfgains
The performance of internal audit in managing organization risk : A case study of Azania bank limited (Head Office)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Baltazari, Upendo
The purpose of this study was to examine the functions/roles of internal audit in assisting management in managing risk in organizations/institutions. Azania Bank Ltd was taken as a case study. The objectives of the study was to Identifying the functions and scope of internal audit in the company, Identifying the risks that Azania Bank Ltd face and how it affects their performance Identifying the role of internal audit in assisting management in managing risk at the Azania Bank Ltd and Examining strengths and weaknesses of internal audit in assisting management in managing risk in Azania Bank Ltd for provision of better services to the customers as a way of improving its performance. The study uses case study design and 50 was the sample and sampling technique includes stratified sampling in which respondents are arranged in groups, data collection tools include interviews, questionnaires, documentary review and physical observation The main findings of the study was Internal Audit Units in the selected areas lack autonomy mainly attributable to inadequate funding, involvement of Internal Auditors in non- audit work, inadequacy of staff training, Audit programs are prepared according to the set standards issued inadequate management support, internal audit staffs adhere to the ethical standards, Staff awareness of risk and management response to recommendations of the Internal Auditors report is very minimal. Researchers Recommend that Audit should be risk based audit, Identify risk before it occurs, Provision of risk education, Frequency inspection, Strong internal controls, Auditor’s independence and to increase number of staff.
Economic viability of cotton cultivation in Magu District, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Lupimo, Berenatus
The study on the economic viability of cotton cultivation in Magu district carried out in Magu district. The study will be significantly important to different stakeholders like the cotton farmers, the government, investors and researchers in making economic decisions. The study presented into five chapters the introduction, literature review, research methodology, presentation of the research findings, data analysis and discussion, and summary, conclusion and recommendations. The objectives of the study includes study and analyze cotton production per hectare in Magu District, To study and analyze the cotton production costs in Magu district, To assess cotton production revenue in Magu District, and To find out Challenges facing cotton growers in Magu district. The data on study variables like costs, price, area under cotton, yield in kg, and outputs were gathered from significant respondent’s number of the population. Questionnaires were distributed to 120 cotton farmers‟ respondents, 4 district agricultural employees, 2 cotton board employees and 4 employees representing cotton buyers from the union cooperatives institutions. The obtained data were processed and analyzed using percentages, ratios, trends and break even points for establishing whether cotton production is economic viable. The conclusion on the study were made objective wise. And that cotton production in Magu district face deep rooted challenges which includes cotton price volatility, buying agent cheating, lack of education among farmers, lack of reliable source of cotton seeds, Nonuse of modern agricultural implements due to lack of centralized facilities, and Lack of collateral for loan from financial institutions. The cotton production in Magu district is not economic viable. Cotton production involves both fixed and variable costs, of the fixed cost has constituted large share.
Financial management practices: Inefficiencies for self sustainable on donor funded water projects the case study of Global Water Initiatives Program phase I
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mapunda, Keneth Njako
Financial management practices is the key role for self-sustainability on donor funded water projects, and in Tanzania is the factor which undermine efforts for sustainability. Ability to pay to meet cost is the key essential issue in assuring sustainability. The main objective of the study is to assess the financial management practices specifically the inefficiencies in donor funded water projects to support self sustainable, which eventually will help water entities to achieve sustainability To archive expectation, case study approach was used as means of study. GWI phase one implementation area used as a focal point. Interviews and questioner were used to collect primary data, while secondary data were collected by reviewing butch of documents used in implementation as mean of validating of primary data. SPSS software was used to analyse data which helps to present in form of table and figures which are easy to understand. Issues such as integration between financial planning / monitoring and organization strategies, preparation and sharing of financial information, level of streamlining revenue and source of income were among of financial management related indicators which ware scrutinized. Among of major findings, evidence shows that 65% of executives do not produce financial report decision are based on knowledge and not on reports presented. Revenue collection was weak by 74.7%, slightly improved by the kind of technology deployed where deep well scheme is contributing positive by 65%. The report emphasises the need for pricing based on achieving full cost recovery. To share findings exhausted from this research the most policy implication advice is to look water problem from financial management best practice perspective. Let’s make people accountable on their act or omission which causes non functionality of the water sector, people mast pay based on the value of water. Currently water is not as free gift from god. Also, let’s make people understand water entities the same as other business which are driven by surplus.
Determinants of stock market participation by individuals: The study of Dar-es-Salaam Stock Exchange
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Marobe, Noel
The importance of well-functioning stock markets on economic development cannot be overemphasized. Since the early 1980’s, many African countries embarked on the establishment of these markets. The citizen’s participation however, is still very minimal. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors that influence stock market participation in Tanzania. Specifically, the aim was to examine the influence of social, economic, and financial literacy factors. The study applied a survey approach. Both purposive and incidental data collection techniques were employed to administer the questionnaires. A total of 173 respondents completed the instrument. The findings revealed that income, occupation, education and age were significant explanations of the determinants of stock market participation in Tanzania. On the other hand financial literacy and gender were found to be insignificant. The analysis of the findings was based on cross-tabulation, chi square and binary correlation under SPSS version 20 package. This study recommends that DSE needs to enhance market participation, by providing education and training to students and the public so as to increase awareness on stock issues in order to attract more participants to buy and sell shares of companies listed at the Dar-es-Salaam Stock Exchange.
Issues in procurement methods in public organizations: A case of Tanzania Aviation Authority (TAA)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kheri, Ashura Chimbeni
The research is on e-procurement is the business-to-business purchase and sale of supplies and services over the Internet. The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of e-procurement in Tanzania public institutions. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches qualitative approaches were used. Data collection methods used interviews, observations and documentary analysis. Research instruments to be used during data collection included interview questions, observation schedule and documentary review schedules. Collected were analyzed based on research objectives. Findings indicated that challenges that influenced the use e-procurement by TAA were: Budget and Executive support, user adoption and Supplier Buy-In and Enablement. Findings indicated that the challenge with regard to the use of e- procurement was on the side of management who sometimes resulted into the conflict of interests. It was also revealed from the study that the TAA management has a great task of ensuring that each user sees the simple to use and intuitive. Findings indicated that there were issues that underpinned the use of e-procurement by TAA. Supplier Buy-In was revealed to be among issues. Findings indicated that some of the major benefits of an e-Procurement system are punch-outs, e-Invoices and e-Payments. Associated Costs was another issue and it was noted from the study that as with any technology project, the costs go beyond just the costs. It was also revealed from the study that training costs was among issue that influenced e- procurement. Findings indicated that e-procurement tools included: Email, spread sheets and the Internet. Recommendations include the availability of quality and enough ICT facilities and equipment and the same research to be done in other public institutions to enable different researcher on the same issue to come up with similar conclusion.
Effect of share split on the shareholders’ wealth; A case of the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Rosemary, Luena
The study aimed at analysis the effects of share split on the shareholders’ wealth; a case of Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE). In attaining this, four specific objectives were set ascertained; to explore reasons for share split, to determine whether price of split share follow any definite identifiable pattern, to analyze pros and cons pertaining to share split, and to assess the effect of share split on return to shareholders. The study deployed a case study research design and conducted at the DSE where attained 94 percent response rate as 13 respondents were from DSE Staff, 8 respondents from Licensed Brokers and 96 respondents from Shareholders. Again, purposive and snowball sampling techniques were deployed in getting data from a total sample size of 117 respondents. As far as research findings is concerned, the study attained fully its specific objectives that revealed reasons for share split as psychological, increasing stock liquidity, withdraw of principal investor and speculative factors. Likewise, pros and cons pertaining to share split found to be price affordability, wider ownership base, fulfilling investors’ expectation, strengthening company’s image and rival competition. Among the cons included some investors perceive split share as cheap, cost of split, listing requirements and split shares being prone to unwanted investors. Moreover, the study recommended principal investors to think critically before deciding to withdraw their shares as would sometimes affect the general conduct of investing companies, while effectiveness of the Tanzania capital market was suggested as area for future study.
Enhancing income tax collection in SMEs : A customers’ perspective
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Malima, Agness
This study intended to find how the attitude of tax clients of taxation system can beenhanced. Generally, the study aimed to evaluate factors promoting income tax collection from SMEs. The following were specific objectives: To determine the extent to which SMEs voluntarily comply with income tax regulations in Tanzania, to determine the effectiveness of block system administrative approach in influencing SMEs Compliance, and identify factors mostly influencing the perception of SMEs on voluntary tax returns. The literature of the study lead to the formulation of the following theories: Clients’ Tax education status does not determines the rate of voluntary compliance by tax payers, the rate of client’s visitation by tax officers does not relate to client’s tax compliance status, Client’s experience on business has no influence to voluntary tax compliance. The study used mixed research methods to test the hypotheses in meeting stated objectives. Data were collected through survey questionnaire, interview and the review of documents. The information was based on TRA Kinondoni tax region. Data were analysed through the use of SPSS Version 20.
The Impact of village community banks on households food security: A survey study of Fulwe village in Morogoro Rural District.
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Katondo, Jeru
The study sought to investigate the Impact of Village Community Bank (VICOBA) on Households Food Security. The food production is normally satisfactory at national level, but food insecurity continues to be a challenge to some section of the population in both rural and urban areas. When farmers put their money in the Village Community Bank (VICOBA), they secure their livelihoods and establish supportive system throughout each other. Specifically, the study sought to determine participation in Village Community Bank (VICOBA), major services offered by VICOBA, the likelihood of farmers uses their credit in agricultural food production, mitigating the food prices fluctuations buying extra food during harvest, and finally, to evaluate the credit use in maintaining the food storage means to enhance household food security. The study involved a survey design to Village Community Bank (VICOBA) members and non VICOBA members, which were randomly sampled from Fulwe Village in Morogoro Rural District. The sample consisted of 62 respondents who included 39 women and 23 men. Instruments for data collection included Documentary review, Questionnaires and Interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The findings revealed that VICOBA members were influenced to join the group because of the following determinants: the financial services, the sense of unity that bring them together solving social problems, the interest rates which pegged lower than other financial institutions. The major financial services discovered are savings through buying community shares and deposits coming from contribution known as jamii, the provision of loans, training and yearly giving back annual profit, residual jamii and individual savings. The findings came up with the evidences that the majority of rural population adhered to set their VICOBA credit use on agricultural activities, whether directly or indirectly involved, about 81.5 % responded that “they were being involved in VICOBA activities in order for them to get resources for agricultural activities”. Finally based on findings, union is strength in view of the fact that through cooperatives the society can be transformed. The adoption of VICOBA became the best economic block to farmers as it assured the safety of their money and food security
The impact of Tanzania social action fund on vulnerable household's poverty reduction: A case of Kigoma District Council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Nkala, Zubeda Eshton
This study was to determined the impact of on reduction of poverty in vulnerable households. The data were collected from two villages viz Mgaraganza and Mwamgongo of Kigoma district council and from the TASAF office of Kigoma district council. The specific objectives were to identify economic activities performed by vulnerable households, to ascertain types of socio-economic services which were accessed by recipient households for the TASAF II. Others were to determine success factors and challenges which were associated with the implementation of TASAF II and to suggest measures for improving contribution of TASAF II in reducing poverty to vulnerable groups. Thirty two beneficiaries were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Furthermore, a checklist was used to discuss together with Elders and Leaders from those two villages. The analysis was carried out using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) computer software where mean, frequencies and percentages were established. The results indicate that about 97 percent of the respondents interviewed had economic activities before project. Most of them were engaged in Agriculture (i.e. cassava, maize and beans production). Concerning TASAF II, they reported that the project performed better by enabling them to provide fees, food, medical and uniforms services to orphans at secondary schools. In general, majority of respondents in the study area agreed on project success. Furthermore, they agreed to face challenge of collecting grasses for cattle feeding. Even Elders keeping most vulnerable children faced the same problems. Further, they argued that for those groups engaged in fishing activities, they also faced challenges because of decrease of fish and dagaa in Lake Tanganyika that led into low income as compared to the target income. Following for the findings it is recommended that the support for vulnerable should be provided directly at a family level rather than groups. Further, any project pertaining to poverty alleviation through conventional approaches should empower the beneficiaries through certain training particularly on how best they could manage the concerned project
Impact of microfinance loans on the performance of SME’s: The case of SME’s in Mbeya Urban
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Fadhili, Mahenge B.
Microfinance institutions (MFIs) were established to fill the gap in the financial system in Tanzania that emerge following rejection of poor entrepreneur (marginalized group) by commercial banks in accessing debt capital. These MFIs provide an avenue whereby small and medium scale entrepreneur can now acquire capital to start or expand their business. Therefore researcher become interested to finds the impact of loan from MFIs on the performance of SMEs in Mbeya urban This was the survey study covered 100 SMEs found in Mbeya urban particularly Uyole, Sido and Mwanjelwa markets. Researcher adopted cross-sectional design due to limitations of dataset obtained from the respondents. They claimed to have no records for past financial year and therefore researcher had to collect only data that was available during the time he was making survey for data collection exercise from SMEs managers/owners. The study used both primary and secondary data, and in order to estimate impact of loans from MFIs on performance of SMEs researcher employed OLS regression because dataset contain continuous values and errors are independent and identically distributed (errors have equal variance), therefore according to Carter-Hill et al.(2001), suggest that, the model that contain continuous values as well as with residual that are uncorrelated and with equal variance can be correctly estimated by using the OLS regression analysis. Empirical findings of the study revealed that, loan has a direct impact on the performance of SMEs as the variables sales, assets and the number of employees has increased by applying a proxy of a natural logarithm of a variable debt (lndebts) Following the results of the study it is high time for further research to be conducted on the study area by using panel data methodology because it allow controlling for unobservable heterogeneity of individual firms as well as makes it possible to exclude biases deriving from the existence of individual effects (Gujarat, 2004)
VAT compliance in manufacturing industries in Dar-ES-Salaam Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Adam, Kessi
The study was on the VAT Compliance in Manufacturing Industries in Dar-es-salaam Tanzania. Specifically, the study investigated factors affecting VAT compliance in Manufacturing Industries in Dar-es-salaam city in Tanzania. The study involved 30 respondents from 3 manufacturing industries located at Kinondoni municipality in Dar-es-salaam region, 10 Tax expertise (tax consultant) from Kinondoni municipality and 5 TRA staffs selected from VAT department at TRA Kinondoni tax region. Data collection methods were questionnaires, personal interview and documentary review. And data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) as well as advanced Microsoft excel. The results shows that almost 28 (93.3%) respondents from manufacturing industries were in opinion that current VAT rate (18%) is very high which tend to affect compliance of VAT in manufacturing industries in Tanzania by abusing VAT and by operating informal. Also about 28 (93.3%) respondents agreed that multiplicity of tax laws in Tanzania is the main cause of non-compliance, this is simply because having more than one tax law applicable to single transaction brings confusion ininterpretation thus brings complication in complying with these laws. And results shows that Out of 10 respondents (tax expertise) 8 (93.3%) respondents were in opinion that VAT exemption cause non-compliance of tax to manufacturing industries, this is because VAT exemptions creates a room for taxpayers to evade paying tax by intentional misclassification of goods, ineffective monitoring and control of exemption by TRA, also unnecessarily exemptions granted to manufacturing industries. Respondents come up with greater conclusion that current VAT rate is high therefore should be adjusted from 18% to 15%, multiplicity of tax laws complicate compliance, and VAT exemptions open the doors to tax evader. Therefore compliance of manufacturing industries in Tanzania is mainly affected by those factors. It was recommended that, tax laws and VAT rate should somehow be reduced so as manufacturing industries and other taxpayers adhere and comply hence render proper amount of tax required conveniently and promptly. Also There should be strongadministration by TRA that control and monitor VAT exemptions and hence enhancetax compliance by manufacturing industries.

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