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A study manual on the basics of financial management.
(Research, Information and Publication Department, 2002) Mwisho, A. M
I have written this students' manual titled "The Basics of Financial Management" after teaching financial management as a subject in the undergraduate and graduate programmes. It is to my opinion that readers, especially students who studies financial management as a subject may find this manual very helpful. I have used the simple English language to make it easier for the reader to understand faster. This manual has taken into consideration the financial management taught in both undergraduate and graduate programmes.
A field study report of the base line project: A case of Arumeru District Council
(Mzumbe University and Agder University College, 2000) Chao Mathew N.
Arumeru District Council has been studied as part of the so called Base Line Project, with the aim of describing a number of local councils in Tanzania and to understand their functioning and challenges. The district of Arumeru has a population of appr. 340,000 and encircles the Arusha Municipal Council completely. The district is well endowed with resources, even water, but the infrastructure is not sufficient to allow the full utilisation of them. The financial condition of the council is weak, and the offices and the equipment available are poor. The general standard of the staff is not satisfactory, especially as regards formal competence. Tax income is low, and this is partly due to an incident a few years ago, when the Sagga people launched a strong protest against an increase of the development levy. But there are also some more general problems. Firstly, the private economy is poor and thus the population has difficulties in managing to pay taxes, especially development levy. Secondly, poor roads and a shortage of vehicles make the exercise of tax collection cumbersome and alarmingly costly. The district is heavily dependent upon donor funds, and most services in the district are delivered unsatisfactorily.
A field study report of the base line project: The case of Morogoro Municipal Council
(Mzumbe University and Agder University College, 2001) Chao Mathew N.; Mpamila Madale Martin
Morogoro Municipal Council has been studied as part of the so called Base Line Project, which has been carried out with the aim of describing a number of local councils in Tanzania and to understand their functioning and challenges. The municipality of Morogoro has a population of appr. 200,000. The main offices in the centra of the city are in a poor condition, and equipment and vehicles are few and of a low standard. Like any other authority, Morogoro Municipality operates under very severe financial constraints, and the population is reluctant to pay taxes. The services are not always delivered to the population in a satisfactory way, and it is reported that the employees are not given much training and that their motivation is sometimes low. Perhaps as an attempt to remedy these obstacles, the council is contemplating privatisation. Also the role of the NGOs is becoming increasingly important as a provider of services. Morogoro Municipality is one of the 35 councils selected to participate in the first phase of the Local Government Reform Agenda, but there has as yet not been much reform activity.
A guide to action learning sets for managers in health centers and dispensaries: Experience from Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Mollel Henry A.
This book is designed to impart managerial and problem solving skills and techniques to managers in the health care systems with particular attention to those at health centre and dispensaries. The approach and principles presented in the book are applicable to health care managers at all levels of health care delivery systems in Tanzania. The book is useful to students of health systems management at certificate, diploma and undergraduate levels. It can also be a relevant and important reference for postgraduate students and researchers in health systems. The book is divided into eight chapters. The chapters are organised in such aa way that provide a reader a flow of designing the action learning sets for the health Centre and dispensary, important issues to consider, the linkage of Action Learning Sets and use for supportive supervision and quality services in health centre and dispensary, and the role of strategic planning on Action Learning Sets.
A study manual on selected topics in operations research : Quantitative approaches to decision making
(Mzumbe university, 2008) Bahati, I
The text encompasses five topics, namely, Management Science Approaches to Problems Solving, Linear Programming, Transportation and Assignment Problems, Inventory Control, Queuing Theory and Network Analysis. The topics are presented in such a way that readers will acquaint themselves with suitable tools to analyze problems that are directly related to Operations research using the contained quantitative approaches. The simple and complex examples will serve as guidelines to students when they face challenges from other sources. In general, this text is expected not only to teach you specific techniques but also provide a method for approaching problems that will be very useful in your endeavor. It is indeed user-friendly.
Administrative law of Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2014) Eleuter G. Mushi
This book provides a fundamental, yet comprehensive coverage of strategic management in cooperatives since their inception in Tanzania. It provides the general overview of cooperative unions in terms of their genesis at a global level and then explains their introduction in Tanzania as well as the purpose of their introduction. The book provides not only the theoretical underpinnings and principles of strategic management in cooperative unions, but also unleashes and marshals some practical experiences from selected cases where the research was carried out. The book is destined to serve the instructional needs of business, education, public administration, and political science students in higher education institutions. It can also be used in all types of organizations including the government and non government entities. The book is divided into seven chapters as follows: Chapter one covers the history of cooperative movement, chapter two deals with the concept of strategic management, chapter three covers strategic management and cooperative development, and chapter four deals with decision making. Also, chapter five deals with decision making techniques while chapter six covers creativity in decision making. Lastly, chapter seven deals with planning for cooperative development. The book is written in a reader-friendly simple language to enhance profound understanding of various concepts and techniques in strategic management. Students, lecturers and other stakeholders will find it a very useful resource in answering their different questions related to strategic management in cooperative unions in Tanzania. They will know various challenges that have been militating against the effective performance of cooperatives and even think of the best ways to address the identified challenges. Authors wish to express their sincere appreciation to all authors of all references that were consulted during the preparation of this book. Likewise, the respondents in Morogoro, Songea and Mbeya who were consulted during the study are highly acknowledged for they played not only a monumental but an instrumental role in the production of this book. We remain in high tune determined to enhance and expand the landmark frontiers of knowledge among as many readers as possible as we strongly believe that we are in the knowledge era where knowledge sharing stands to be not only important but vital in unravelling various developmental challenges we encounter in our contiguous milieux/vicinities.
Agricultural project planning in Tanzania.
(Institute of Development Management Mzumbe, Tanzania and Development and Project Planning Centre University of Bradford, United Kingdom., 1997) Howlett David; Nagu Joseph
This handbook focuses on Agricultural Project Planning with special reference to Tanzania. Agriculture plays an important role in the development of many countries especially in Tanzania where it accounts for about half of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It also provides employment to about 90% of the rural population. Agriculture accounts for over 70% of the country's exports earnings. The plight of most the rural population has basically not improved; land productivity is declining; population is increasing. There is considerable experience that the massive injection of foreign funds into this sector has not achieved the desired results, a point highlighted in a recent study by the World Bank. One of the major weaknesses identified has been poor project design. The traditional project cycle used in the past was founded on the premise that the planners and technicians knew the needs of the people. This top down approach did not sustain the projects, or their expected benefits. The fundamental question still remains: what are the most appropriate project designs to make agricultural projects achieve their objectives and be more sustainable? In addition, are traditional textbooks adequately catering for the different needs of the individual farmer in developing countries? These and related questions are very crucial, especially now when resources must be allocated according to market forces. The main objective of this Handbook is to address this issue, and to assist in increasing the national capacity of Tanzania to design better agricultural programmes and projects.
An assesment of the prevelance and impact of crime entrepreneurship and small business development in Dar es salaam City
(Entrepreneurship and Business Development Research Cluster, Mzumbe University, 2005) Mfaume Rashid; Leonard Wilhelm
Entrepreneurship and Small businesses have been increasingly recognised as one of the means of creating employment and reducing object poverty (PRSP, 2002). While many factors are said to be essential for successful prosperity of Small businesses, the questions are on the issues of safety and security to entrepreneurs on one hand, and the efforts taken by city authorities to institute and promote security measures on the other. To explore on these issues, researchers conducted exploratory research to identify the prevalence and extent of security (crime) problem in the city of Dares Salaam and how it inflicted entrepreneurship and Small Business Development endeavours. The findings revealed and indicated that there is modest level of crime in the city of Dar es Salaam and entrepreneurs and small business are suffering an immense loss as a result of escalating rate of crime.
An assessment of women participation in rural water supply: A case of selected villages in Morogoro District Council
(Mzumbe University, 2005) Kinemo Stella M.; Mlolere Aloyce
The purpose of this research was to assess women participation in rural water supply, a case of selected villages in Morogoro District council. These villages are Manza, Lugono, Lubungo, Sangasanga and Mgudeni. In the assessment, the following independent variables namely; planning, implementation, maintenance and reasons for low participation of women were taken into consideration. The women participation was considered as an independent variable. The results of the study showed that women participation in Rural Water Programme (RWSP) is affected by a number of factors such as cultural factors, traditional gender based division of labour, domestic roles, scattered location of households, bad quality of water and women shying away from leadership positions.
Apprenticeship and entrepreneurial development in the Tanzania informal sector
(Mzumbe University and Agder University College, 1994) Nsana Bernard; Knudsen Harald; Kristiansen Stein
Entrepreneurship and the operation of small scale, "micro" firms in the informal sector play an important role in many developing economies. They provide employment and contribute to the creation of economic value in the nations. The acquisition of skills in the informal sector depends mainly on informal apprenticeship programs and experiential learning in the workplace. The study includes description of entrepreneurial roles and apprenticeship programs in different trades in the informal sector in Tanzania. It also explores the nature of innovation, economic performance, marketing and management in the sector.
Assesing the effectiveness of health information systems in determining the social-economic status of PLWHA in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2005) Kamuzora Faustin
The goal of the study was to assess health information system (IS) in Tanzania, specifically, the HIV/AIDS component that could be used to determine the socio-economic characteristics and demographic status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The second aim was to use the information from the study to demonstrate to local governments the need to join efforts to fight the epidemic. The premise of the study was the fact that since HIV/AIDS epidemic is eroding various resources by incapacitating and eventually killing the stakeholders (residents and workers) and the potential taxpayers, local governments have to be on the vanguard to fight the epidemic. Specifically, the study aimed at assessing the HIV/AIDS information systems in use in the country; establishing the socio-economic and demographic status of people living with HIV and AIDS; and identifying the level of awareness of the linkage between the epidemic and councils’ revenue expenditure among policy makers, Bukoba Town Council and Kinondoni Municipality were used as case studies and additional information was collected from Morogoro as well as from some institutions in Dar es Salaam.
Basic academic writing: A reference guide.
(Research, and Publication Department., 1997) Shumbusho G.N
Writing is a skill which is not acquired naturally (being the result of maturation process) It is a skill which must be taught and learnt. Any normal human being once born is expected to acquire the language of those around him. Writing however, must be taught formally, It presupposes an instructor (teacher) and a person being taught (learner) in a relatively formal setting It is therefore possible for person to be born, live, and finally die without knowing how to write if not formally taught. It is indisputable among linguistic that language is speech not writing. We normally learn to speak before being introduced to graphic symbols of the language we speak. The most important factor which makes writing difficult as opposed to speaking is the absence of para-linguistic devices. Features such as gestures, facial expression, body posture and intonation are crucial for clarifying the intended meaning. Consequently, a writer has to plan his/her facts very carefully so as to compensate for these para-linguistic features present and applied in the spoken form. My ten years’ experience as a teacher of English for Academic purposes (commonly known as Communication Skills) has shown me that most students in tertiary institutions have a common and serious problem essay writing; particularly essays which are assigned and evaluated by a lecturer. In view of the above, | have tried to help students by writing this reference booklet revolving around what | have observed to be the major problems facing many students. Basic Academic Writing is divided into 9chapters: (1) Pre-writing stage, (2) Essay structure, (3) Paragraphs, (4) Making a good argument (5) Presenting references, (6) Choosing the right words, (7) Punctuation marks, (8) Capitalization, and (9) Grammar.
Basic concepts of probability theory
(Research, Information and Publication Department, 2001) Ndunguru Philibert, C.
This book is organized into four parts which are logically and systematically presented. Part one, sets the fundamental aspects of probability theory in which apart from introducing the reader to the basic vocabulary of the subject, it also answers three fundamental questions for learning probability theory. These are: What basic outcomes are possible; How many such possibilities exist and what basic outcome is likely to happen, for a given random experiment or phenomenon. The algebra of probability is discussed in part two, while part three focuses on building probability models based on simple statistical random experiments. The last part deals with the application of probability theory in decision making. Moreover there are problems at the end of each chapter which the reader can test the understanding of the material covered. Besides, each chapter begins with a clear statement about the silent features of the issues discussed in it. This is meant to guide the reader to have a sense of direction while reading the chapter.
Basics of project planning and analysis: Project identification, formulation and appraisal
(Mzumbe University, 2010) Rwechungura, F. A
Preface. Project planning and Analysis is a book that focuses on the methodology or approach of planning and analyzing a project from the perspectives of the owners or funders of the project. The core philosophical base for this book comes from my conviction that, in this country and many other developing countries, university students (under/postgraduates) find it difficult to access the most new and up-to-date reading resources not only in this field but also in other fields as well. Although this book is not a complete substitute for recommended text books for the course, still it is a standalone reading and reference material in the sense that it is a concise and comprehensive account of what any student undertaking this course is supposed to learn. Again the book has been authored in a style that is user friendly even for field workers/practitioners (i.e. the book can be used both as a reference material for students and as a planning guide for practitioners). In order to achieve this goal I have used many diagrams, Boxes, examples and solved self-test questions so as to be able to clearly communicate difficult concepts; and areas covered in this book follow a 'simple to complex' approach in terms of their discussion. The approach I prefer most in my teaching.
Business communication skills: Students' handdbook
(Research, Information and Publication Department, 2002) Shumbusho George N.; Mwaijande Francis A.
This handbook is our contribution to advanced students who are preparing to enter the business world. A glance on the content of this handbook reveals topics pertaining to the most common types of communication students will likely engage in orally and in writing. Interestingly, the book also deals with the type of messages students will need to write in order to get a job of their choice! Briefly, the aim of this handbook is to help students refine their communication skills when they write or speak for a business purpose. Communication is something practiced by all, regardless of occupation or level of authority and responsibility. We all need to improve on this very vital skill, and for this reason, we felt that the choice of the typical business topics will make this handbook achieve its objective mentioned above. We have organized the handbook as follows: Chapter One: defines the terms “business communication” and “communication”. It presents a brief theoretical discussion on communication processes. Chapter Two: deals with oral communication. This has been considered very important because human beings spend much of their time at work speaking and listening to their colleagues and customers than in writing and reading. Chapter Three: is about business letter writing. It discusses the principles of writing business letters and presents standard parts of a business letter. It also provides models of business letters. Chapter Four explains the importance of business report writing. We know that our students once they secure jobs, it does not take long before they are required to produce a report of some kind. Hence we have attempted to discuss the theory of report writing and at the same time provide a sketchy model of a business report written on the basis of the discussed theory. Chapter Five is about business meetings. As in chapter four, our students, whether they like it or not, they will attend business meetings and even chair them. That is why we have provided them with (more important) the procedures when conducting business meetings. Chapter Six discusses the role of interviewing in the hiring of employees. We have considered this topic to be crucial in that over 90% of our students will be employed after having attended interviews. We believe that interview will continue to be the major method by which organisations will continue to use to hire personnel. We should, however, point out here that our today’s students will one day graduate and get employed in various organisations. Once employed, they may be called upon to interview other prospective job seekers; hence they will assume the role of “interviewers”. We advise our students (who will later be our graduates) to read about this aspect from other sources. At the end of each chapter, we have provided some exercises for students to practice the skills learnt in the chapter.
Community participation and the role of school committees
(Mzumbe university, 2005) Fundi, S. S
Participation is one of the popular concepts in social development. It is a concept generally accepted in both the developed and developing countries as one of development approaches that can help speed up realization of the intended goals. Despite general acceptance, the term has been differently interpreted and practised in different parts of the world. Not only that, but also even within the same country, its interpretation has been varying among various groups. For instance, for the policy-makers participation would be considered as a vehicle for fastening development, but for the people in the implementation areas this is sometimes seen as avoidance of responsibility in the part of the government. This study aimed at exploring the notion of participation in primary education in Tanzania, with the intention of finding how people interpret and receive it. Furthermore the study focused at assessing the role of School Committees in facilitating participation. The study was completed in 2005 and it was conducted for 8 weeks in Moshi Municipality and Mvomero district. Generally the study found that the practice of participation is affected by various social, economical and political situations of the environment it is practised. Methods The researcher conducted in-depth, and one to one interviews, administered questionnaires and reviewed some official documents in order to get the data. The sample consisting of 60 community members, 10 head teachers, 10 chairpersons’ and10 members of school committees and 6 officials from the local education authorities in the study areas was used. Despite the limitations that were faced in sampling, the respondents involved in the sample were of great help and information they provided was useful in this report.
Computerizing supply management in Tanzania: A search for approaches
(Mzumbe University and Agder University College, 1994) Junker Tore; Kamihanda Anatory M.
The basis for the research is the importance of efficient supply management for the Tanzanian economy. Computerization may be one way to increase this efficiency. Based on information from a sample of 41 Tanzanian enterprises, the report describes and analyses the typical patterns in supply - management approaches so far, and suggests a better and more objective approach. Computerization is no easy short-cut to administrative efficiency. The report therefore also discusses the main computerization problems and challenges, and suggests strategies for handling them.
Decentralisation of power, authority and responsibility for staffing function in primary schools: The experience from Bagamoyo District Council in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2005) Itika Josephat Stephen
This research report describes the reasons and effects of diverse distribution of power, authority and responsibility in the staffing function for primary school teachers in Bagamoyo District Council. The study is based on the premise that improvement in primary education depends on the effectiveness of the staffing function, which is also a function of the effectiveness of the distribution of power, authority and responsibility among various organs in the education system. Data were collected through documentary review, in-depth interviews and meetings from key informants and teachers. It is observed that although the distribution of power, authority and responsibility between TSC, SID, CSD, MOF and MOE helps to have central and coordinated approach to primary education delivery system, and regulation of employment for teachers, there are strong dissatisfactions on teachers appointments, placement, promotion, transfer, benefits, training and development. The reasons for dissatisfactions centre on failure of the responsible organs to make decision and act as stipulated by various regulations, although it was not clear which organ was mostly responsible for the failures because of "finger pointing tendencies" towards one another. It is also noted that although the new Public Service Act 2002 and Public Service Regulations and Scheme of Service 2003 should improve the distribution of power, authority and responsibility for staffing function in local authorities, a brief review of the legislations does not suggest that being the case. There are more organs struggling to share power, authority and responsibility, and pluralist tendencies which concentrate control at the top of the central government bureaucracy. It is anticipated that, there will be more possibilities of conflicts and frustrations in the process of executing staffing function at various levels. The possible outcome is frequent "pass over of the bucket" to each other when it comes to accountability. It appears that the solution to questions to do with power, authority and responsibility in staffing for primary school teachers cannot be obtained from frequent formulation of policies, legislations and creation of new structures. What matters most is willingness of the central government to delegate enough power, authority and responsibility to local authorities not only in terms of policy and statutory provisions but also through sufficient support in human and financial resources.
Determining the implications of the land legislation, 1999 on women's rights to land: A case of Ntendo and Iziya wards in Sumbawanga Urban Council
(Mzumbe University, 2005) Sikalumba Alex J; Opiyo Modesta
Human rights is a broad subject that encompasses all the rights that an individual or a group of people deserve together. Gender is a socio-political and economic phenomenon in many countries. It revolves around the female and male gender. It does not deal with sexual differences per se, but rather the roles that are attached to a particular gender group. There have been different dimensions of accounting for different so-called gender roles. In Africa and Tanzania in particular, for instance, this is a matter of customs and religious beliefs and usage. These variables restrict males and females from doing this or that. In the strict sense, this does not mean that a person cannot accomplish a particular duty just because he or she belongs to a particular sex. Should that be the position then, there is no reason whatsoever as to which sex should exclusively be entitled to that and which should not. All sexes should have the same powers, to equally share the available resources among themselves. But this is not that much easy due to the traditions, customs and religious beliefs obtaining in different communities. However, a tradition or custom is not static. It shapes the society on the day-today basis. The changing circumstances of life also change the people and force them to adopt new ways of life that are at that particular moment operational: Thus, human rights issue has been on the forefront of the global political agenda. Tanzania has taken steps to respond to this on several occasions. In the 1980s we saw the inclusion of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977 as amended. Several legislations have been amended and up dated along the lines of the Bill of Rights. Others have been repealed and replaced by new versions.
Differences in familism and economic decisions between female and male entrepreneurs: The case of fish traders in Dar es salaam, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2005) Kimeme Joseph A.
Many studies attempting to explain income differences between self employed men and women in developing countries have focused attention on differences in the two sexes to access critical resources such as credit, education, time and networks, factors which are external to the subject. Little, however, have been done in terms of factors ingrained in the subject’s belief system. Although this study is exploratory and views familism as a cultural factor embedded in a person’s belief system it assesses the influence of familism on economic decisions made by men and women fish traders. The study finds that while the level of familism is equally high for men as it is for women, it leads to involvement in longer term expensive projects among men and shorter term ones among married women. The study suggests that effective interventions aimed at Promoting African entrepreneurs should take the entrepreneur’s accepted obligations to the extended family into account.