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The Tanzania national economic survival programme
(Research and Publication Committee, 1982) Mmbaga W.D.S.(Editor); Baguma R.(Editor)
During May 20—21, 1982, the Institute of Development Management Mzumbe held a workshop on The National Economic Survival Programme, formally known as “NESP” as opposed to street’s teasing it as Personal Economic Survival Programme (PESP). In all, eight papers were presented and discussed. The first three papers in Part one deal with the evaluation of NESP and Pricing Policy in Tanzania. Part two deals with problems and potentials of external trade, particularly export promotion. The last two papers in part three deal with problems of technology transfer and its impact to Tanzania. The editors believe that the issues addressed to in these papers are of great relevance to Tanzania’s policymakers, senior executives, as well as academicians. The papers are also of sufficiently high calibre; generally simplified tools of analysis and techniques have been carefully and work-manly employed to drive policy issues and problems home. It is our belief that each author has tried to contribute significantly to informed discussion on the current problems that face Tanzania.
Dola
(Research and Publications Committee, 1991) B. F. Mrina
“Dola” ni kitabu muhimu kwa wanachuo wa ngazi zote, hasa wale wenye nia na shauku ya kufahamu jinsi chombo hiki dola kilivyoibuka, kinavyofanya kazi na kinavyotuathiri sisi wote.
Gulf crisis and the future of the world.
(Research and Publication Committee and Academic Improvement Project., 1993) Chao, Mathew N. (editor)
This book is an attempt to contribute to ongoing debates focusing on forces revolving around the Gulf Crisis and the Gulf War in particular. The book is a product of a Workshop held at The Institute of Development Management (IDM Mzumbe) in November 1991 with an intention of discussing the theme: GULF CRISIS AND THE FUTURE OF THE WORLD. The theme had the following Sub themes:
Computerizing supply management in Tanzania: A search for approaches
(Mzumbe University and Agder University College, 1994) Junker Tore; Kamihanda Anatory M.
The basis for the research is the importance of efficient supply management for the Tanzanian economy. Computerization may be one way to increase this efficiency. Based on information from a sample of 41 Tanzanian enterprises, the report describes and analyses the typical patterns in supply - management approaches so far, and suggests a better and more objective approach. Computerization is no easy short-cut to administrative efficiency. The report therefore also discusses the main computerization problems and challenges, and suggests strategies for handling them.
Apprenticeship and entrepreneurial development in the Tanzania informal sector
(Mzumbe University and Agder University College, 1994) Nsana Bernard; Knudsen Harald; Kristiansen Stein
Entrepreneurship and the operation of small scale, "micro" firms in the informal sector play an important role in many developing economies. They provide employment and contribute to the creation of economic value in the nations. The acquisition of skills in the informal sector depends mainly on informal apprenticeship programs and experiential learning in the workplace. The study includes description of entrepreneurial roles and apprenticeship programs in different trades in the informal sector in Tanzania. It also explores the nature of innovation, economic performance, marketing and management in the sector.
Project planning and management: A text of principles and practice with a case
(Research, Information and Publication Department, 1996) Ruzibuka, J. E. M; Rutebinga, P. R
The pace of development in developing countries including Tanzania requires the availability of enough and well trained officers and managers in the field of project planning and project management. This is a challenge to most of the training institutions in these countries to be able to cope with this pressing need for qualified project personnel and to produce the required textbooks and teaching materials relevant to their own countries' economies and project environments, as well as closing the gap which created by lack of foreign exchange to import text books for use in training. This books is meant to meet the above needs and is an outcome of the authors' long experiences in training project planning and management in both long courses and short courses at the Institute of Development Management (IDM) Mzumbe, Morogoro, Tanzania. This book is expected to be of great use to the undergraduate and graduate students in this subject in 'institutions of higher learning and to the vast number of economic planners, engineers, agronomists etc. who are involved in different project works as practitioners in government ministries, Departments, banks, cooperatives and parastatal organizations at different levels. This book will also prove of great use to many academicians in institutions of higher learning. Given the varied and wide range of potential users of this backed the with authors’ case have covered thoroughly the following areas studies: - Pre-Investment planning of projects and their management planning. - Investment stage planning of projects and management. - Post-Investment Planning, Organization of the Projects.
Urban management: Issues, problems and Trends.
(Research Information and Publications Department, 1996) Massawe Aloys A.F
This book is the first in the series of the IDM’s Local Government publications. The publisher is the Department of Research, Information and Publication at the Institute of Development Management, Mzumbe. The book is an attempt to document the spirit and substance of Local authorities in Tanzania. It will provide an additional piece of information regarding local authorities. Local government legislation which aimed at setting paragon institutional structures in Tanzania seem to have some difficulties in interpretations among the practitioners. The book will serve as an aid to effective local government practice and understanding in Tanzania. Other readers may draw some lessons and apply them in their respective countries and environments. The need for more publications in the area of Local Government in Tanzania is obvious. In this book authors give their readers a faithful picture of local government in Tanzania. Local government laws, staff regulations and other related legislation have been applied to highlight on various aspects of the Tanzanian local government system.
Market liberalization and the agro-industrial potential in Tanzania
(Research, Information and Publication Centre, 1997) Kuzilwa, Joseph A.
This book examines the development potentials in the agro-industrial sub-sector in Tanzania, in the light of its past performance and the current economic changes taking place in the country, especially trade liberalization and restructuring and divestiture of parastatal enterprises. A lot of studies have been done on the manufacturing sector as a whole, but none has examined the agro-industrial sub-sector by itself. This book is, therefore, an attempt to analyze some of the available information about this sub-sector, including its resource base, in order to generate conclusion about its development potentials. The topic is considered important because of the obvious linkages between the country's resource base (agriculture) and the-agro-industrial sub-sector.
Agricultural project planning in Tanzania.
(Institute of Development Management Mzumbe, Tanzania and Development and Project Planning Centre University of Bradford, United Kingdom., 1997) Howlett David; Nagu Joseph
This handbook focuses on Agricultural Project Planning with special reference to Tanzania. Agriculture plays an important role in the development of many countries especially in Tanzania where it accounts for about half of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It also provides employment to about 90% of the rural population. Agriculture accounts for over 70% of the country's exports earnings. The plight of most the rural population has basically not improved; land productivity is declining; population is increasing. There is considerable experience that the massive injection of foreign funds into this sector has not achieved the desired results, a point highlighted in a recent study by the World Bank. One of the major weaknesses identified has been poor project design. The traditional project cycle used in the past was founded on the premise that the planners and technicians knew the needs of the people. This top down approach did not sustain the projects, or their expected benefits. The fundamental question still remains: what are the most appropriate project designs to make agricultural projects achieve their objectives and be more sustainable? In addition, are traditional textbooks adequately catering for the different needs of the individual farmer in developing countries? These and related questions are very crucial, especially now when resources must be allocated according to market forces. The main objective of this Handbook is to address this issue, and to assist in increasing the national capacity of Tanzania to design better agricultural programmes and projects.
Basic academic writing: A reference guide.
(Research, and Publication Department., 1997) Shumbusho G.N
Writing is a skill which is not acquired naturally (being the result of maturation process) It is a skill which must be taught and learnt. Any normal human being once born is expected to acquire the language of those around him. Writing however, must be taught formally, It presupposes an instructor (teacher) and a person being taught (learner) in a relatively formal setting It is therefore possible for person to be born, live, and finally die without knowing how to write if not formally taught. It is indisputable among linguistic that language is speech not writing. We normally learn to speak before being introduced to graphic symbols of the language we speak. The most important factor which makes writing difficult as opposed to speaking is the absence of para-linguistic devices. Features such as gestures, facial expression, body posture and intonation are crucial for clarifying the intended meaning. Consequently, a writer has to plan his/her facts very carefully so as to compensate for these para-linguistic features present and applied in the spoken form. My ten years’ experience as a teacher of English for Academic purposes (commonly known as Communication Skills) has shown me that most students in tertiary institutions have a common and serious problem essay writing; particularly essays which are assigned and evaluated by a lecturer. In view of the above, | have tried to help students by writing this reference booklet revolving around what | have observed to be the major problems facing many students. Basic Academic Writing is divided into 9chapters: (1) Pre-writing stage, (2) Essay structure, (3) Paragraphs, (4) Making a good argument (5) Presenting references, (6) Choosing the right words, (7) Punctuation marks, (8) Capitalization, and (9) Grammar.
Local government bureaucracy: A comparative study of Tanzanian and Norwegian bureaucrats-attitiudes and behaviors
(Mzumbe University and Agder College, 1997) Mpelumbe George; Jacobsen Dag Ingvar
This report discusses the possible effects of regime type on bureaucrat’s attitudes and behavior, in particular the political role of bureaucrats. Using the classification scheme of Ferrel Heady, the report outlines possible links between regime type and bureaucratic behavior. To test these links, a comparative study of bureaucrats in local government in Norway and Tanzania was conducted during autumn 1993/winter 1994. A questionnaire was used to tap attitudes and behaviours of bureaucrats. In short we found that Norwegian bureaucrats seemed to be less technocratic than their Tanzanian counterparts. Additionally, we found that bureaucrats in both regimes acted independently of politicians, but in different phases of the policy making process. Norwegian bureaucrats tended to act more autonomously in the preparatory phases, while Tanzanian bureaucrats tended to act more autonomously in the implementing phase. These findings indicate that bureaucrats in both regimes act as independent political actors, but in a different fashion.
Good practices in environmental management: Moving from trade-off to win-win situation in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University and Agder University College, 1998) Aasland Dag G.; Nkya Estomih J.
The report provides a background of environmental conditions in Tanzania and, through case study research design, identifies, describes and analyses ‘good practices’ that tend to lead to ‘win-win’ situations in environmental management. The main question that guided inquiry is: what are the economic and institutional conditions for moving from a trade-off to a win-win situation in environmental management? A three stage analytical model informed by Coasian and Pigovian theories of externalities or unintended consequences of economic activity, was used to analyse twelve cases of environmental management in Tanzania. Good practices were found to be characterised by participation of all major stakeholders (both economic and environmental interests), adoption of long-term strategic view of economic interests, local ownership of the environmental management programmes by communities and local authorities, sharing of local indigenous knowledge, raised environmental awareness at local levels, environmental-friendly planning, and decentralization of implementation of environmental policy.
Management of local government in Tanzania: Some historical insights and trends
(Research, Information and Publication Department, 1999) Warioba, Moses, M. D.
I have written this book in the hope that people interested with the Management of Local Government may find it a helpful introduction to the subject. It will particularly be helpful to the undergraduate students in Local Government and all other people working in both Central and Local Government. The book should also be useful to post-graduate who are reading government subjects. The book however does not claim to give a holistic coverage in the field of Local Government. The coverage has largely been influenced by the contents of the Institute of Development Management (IDM) syllabus on the subject of local government administration for the undergraduates. Government - and especially local government at the present time - is an ever changing subject, readers are advised to read a number of other recent publications in the field. Nevertheless, at the end of every chapter some suggested further reading in specific areas is given. It would be a good idea to enhance the ideas given in this book through such readings. I'm quite sure that, with this, the study of local government becomes alive and interesting; without it, knowledge becomes static, or obsolete and meaningless. The organization of this book is such that, the materials are well organized under three distinct parts. That is, the PAST where the analysis has the historical touch in looking at the local government systems of the past and their influences on later systems. This is in chapters one, two and three. The PRESENT, this is the second part containing in it, chapters, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten. This part looks analytically at the present system of local government under several headings i.e. structure, corporate management, the job of Councillors, policy making in local authorities, central local relations, managing local government finances, and human resources management. Part three have in it chapter eleven. This part tries to predict the FUTURE of local government based on the current performance of the system so far. I hope readers will have a good time with the literature.
The burden of proof: How to defend yourself in criminal cases
(Research and Publications Department, 2000) Massawe, Aloys. A. F.
The book covers three interrelated areas of law which a person would require to grasp when entering an appearance before the court of law. The areas at hand are criminal law principles, evidence and legal skills. First, the book addresses areas of criminal law upon which liability in criminal matters is fundamentally determined. In this vein, defences (general and specific) are also covered. Second, hand in hand with criminal law principles are rules of evidence, which have been given a concise but thorough treatment. Finally, the author provides techniques for handling prosecution matters. He illustrates methods or trial tactics (chapter 14) which may be adapted to any kind of case, and this aspect amplifies the importance of this book to learners of law. The skills are explained by analysis and illustrated by examples. The reader will find that in this way rules of self-defence become clear and that way potentially serious mistakes can be avoided.
Elements of money and banking: With reference to the Tanzanian economy
(Research, Information and Publication Department, 2000) E.J.M. Wiketye
The book is divided into six parts and sixteen chapters. Part I consists of chapters one to four. Chapter one provides an introduction to essentials of money and banking. This is followed by Chapter Two which outlines the historical development of money and banking. Chapter Three outlines the general attributes of money. Specifically, the chapter concentrates on the definition and functions of money. The demand for money is the subject matter of Chapter Four. Here, the meaning of "holding money" is discussed, followed by a general formulation of the Demand for Money. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of theories of the demand for money. Specifically, the quantity theory (old and new) and the Keynesian theory are investigated. Part II is about monetary theory. It consists of Chapter Five and Six Chapter Five outlines the basic monetary propositions. Chapter Six analyses the expenditures, incomes and prices. The chapter starts the analysis from the demand (expenditure) side of the economy, and then looks at the supply side. It ends with an examination of monetary and fiscal policies. Part III deals with Commercial and Central Banking. Chapter Seven provides the theoretical basis of commercial banking in a simplified single bank-model. Chapter Eight looks at the structure of commercial banking in Tanzania in a historical perspective. Chapter Nine looks at the concept of central banking. First, the evolution and functions of central banking are examined. Then the chapter ends up looking at the concept of monetary policy. Chapter Ten examines central banking in Tanzania, with specific reference to the historical development of the Bank of Tanzania. By Part IV looks at non-bank financial intermediaries. This part consists of chapters eleven and twelve. Chapter Eleven looks at financial intermediation in a theoretical perspective. Specifically the chapter examines the functions of financial markets and the role of financial intermediaries. Chapter Twelve outlines the financial intermediation in Tanzania. Essentially, it looks at the major financial institutions in the country. Part V deals with money and the economy. It consists of two chapters. Chapter thirteen looks at monetary expansion and inflation. The chapter treats both long-run and short-run implications of monetary expansion. Chapter Fourteen gives a brief account of the Post-World War II inflation process. Specifically, the chapter looks at the concept of "creeping" inflation and also looks at some measures to control inflation. Part VI looks at the international scene. In Chapter Fifteen the concept of balance of payments, in a simplified manner, is examined in relation to (i) fixed exchange rate systems and (ii) floating exchange rate systems. Then Chapter Sixteen looks at the international financial crisis and the collapse of Fixed Exchange Rate System. The chapter starts with a brief outline of the so-called gold-standard system and ends up with an examination of the Bretton Woods System and why it collapsed. Each chapter except the introductory chapter ends up with one or more discussion questions.
A field study report of the base line project: A case of Arumeru district council
(Mzumbe University and Agder University College, 2000) Chao Mathew N.
Arumeru District Council has been studied as part of the so called Base Line Project, with the aim of describing a number of local councils in Tanzania and to understand their functioning and challenges. The district of Arumeru has a population of appr. 340,000 and encircles the Arusha Municipal Council completely. The district is well endowed with resources, even water, but the infrastructure is not sufficient to allow the full utilisation of them. The financial condition of the council is weak, and the offices and the equipment available are poor. The general standard of the staff is not satisfactory, especially as regards formal competence. Tax income is low, and this is partly due to an incident a few years ago, when the Sagga people launched a strong protest against an increase of the development levy. But there are also some more general problems. Firstly, the private economy is poor and thus the population has difficulties in managing to pay taxes, especially development levy. Secondly, poor roads and a shortage of vehicles make the exercise of tax collection cumbersome and alarmingly costly. The district is heavily dependent upon donor funds, and most services in the district are delivered unsatisfactorily.
Women and the labour market in Tanzania: Impacts on gendered lives
(Mzumbe University, 2000) Mahigi Bella; Mbughuni Anne; Ryen Anne; Stokken Anne Marie
The report focuses on the present changes at the Tanzanian labour market after implementation of the Structural Adjustment Programs. In particular, focus is directed towards the impact on women of the retrenchment processes that are implemented as part of the Civil Service Reform. The fieldwork was conducted in Kibaha and Morogoro and consists of qualitative interviews with retrenched women and with managers in the two local governments referred. The data points to general effects of retrenchment to women in general, but also to the need to differentiate between women. The data also highlights special issues regarding local government. As conclusion the study invites to more research on gender roles, women’s economic activities and to social implications of this present political and economic context. Within The Gender Cluster priority is given to research with a gender perspective.
Poverty in Tanzania: A study of Singida, Bagamoyo and Mwanga districts
(Mzumbe University and Agder University College, 2001) Chamwali Anthony Alifa
The study was conducted between October 25, 1996 and January 26, 1997. The main objective was to assess household poverty levels in six villages from three districts in Tanzania. Fifty households (25 of them female-headed) were randomly selected from each village, and data on household’s social and economic status, household expenditures, rural-urban links, infrastructure and availability of social services, shelter quality and adequacy, and community participation were collected. The total sample size was 3000. The households were ranked according to annual expenditure per adult-equivalent. Using a poverty line of an expenditure of TShs. 132.983 an adult-equivalent a year, 33. 2% of the households were below the poverty line. Gender-wise, 24.7% of the male-headed, and 40% of the female-headed households were below the poverty line. Statistically, there was no significant difference in the proportion of poor households between female- and male-headed households. Education, especially of the household head, was one of the major determinants of household poverty. It is recommended households should make efforts to acquire some education.
The relationship between non-government organisations and local government authorities in Tanzania: A case study of Morogoro and Babati district councils
(Mzumbe University and Agder University College, 2001) Mpamila Madale Martin
This is a study of the relationships between local government authorities and NGOs in Tanzania. But also of the more general nature of NGOs; their background and their contributions and limitations. For instance, there seems to be a certain measure of mistrust and suspicion between NGOs and LGAs, and sometimes there is a lack of co-ordination of the efforts of the NGOs in a district. The study has been conducted in the districts of Babati and Morogoro and the instrument used has been that of guided interviews. A main conclusion is that NGOs are not homogeneous, and that it is difficult to generalize. However, the NGOs normally are able to incorporate voluntarism in their organisational structure, and they have the advantage of relating to beneficiaries. Also it may be said that the NGOs have become more and more important as deliverers of services, partly as a response to the cut-backs in the service provision by the authorities. The NGOs mostly operate in close contact with the LGAs, but the flow of information and the co-ordination are not always satisfactory. One reason for this state of affairs is the lack of resources on the part of the LGAs, who are not able to follow up the NGOs properly
A field study report of the base line project: The case of Morogoro municipal council
(Mzumbe University and Agder University College, 2001) Chao Mathew N.; Mpamila Madale Martin
Morogoro Municipal Council has been studied as part of the so called Base Line Project, which has been carried out with the aim of describing a number of local councils in Tanzania and to understand their functioning and challenges. The municipality of Morogoro has a population of appr. 200,000. The main offices in the centra of the city are in a poor condition, and equipment and vehicles are few and of a low standard. Like any other authority, Morogoro Municipality operates under very severe financial constraints, and the population is reluctant to pay taxes. The services are not always delivered to the population in a satisfactory way, and it is reported that the employees are not given much training and that their motivation is sometimes low. Perhaps as an attempt to remedy these obstacles, the council is contemplating privatisation. Also the role of the NGOs is becoming increasingly important as a provider of services. Morogoro Municipality is one of the 35 councils selected to participate in the first phase of the Local Government Reform Agenda, but there has as yet not been much reform activity.