Dissertations (Masters)-MRPP-SOPAM

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A study on local government autonomy in recruitment and selection functions in Ilala Municipal Council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Herman, Valerian
Local Government Reform Programme of Tanzania centered on the basic assumption of decentralization of political, administrative and financial powers and functions in the structure of a unitary state. Administratively local authorities expected to have mandate and free to carry out responsibilities concerning provision of public services and social development along its area of influence authorized under legal framework (LGRP, 1998). This study investigate on the degree at which Ilala Municipal is independent in recruitment and selection functions as directed in administrative decentralization as well as to other legal provisions. The study carries six chapters sequentially, from chapter one the introductory part of the study; there are, background of the problem, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, research assumptions, significances, limitations, delimitations of the study, conceptual framework, and definition of the key terms and concept. Chapter two is on literature review, also there is theoretical/philosophical review, operationalization of concepts, literature review from earlier studies and the synthesis. Chapter three talks about research methodology which provides information about, research design, research area, population of the study, sampling procedures and sample size, data collection methods and data analysis methods. Chapter four is about presentation and analysis of the findings. Chapter five is about discussion of research findings and chapter six is about conclusion and recommendation. Finally, the Bibliography and appendices.
The roles of tourism industry in socio-economic development of Zanzibar : A case study of Zanzibar town
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Moh’d, Issa S.
This study was done to examine the roles of tourism industry in socio-economic development of Zanzibar. Specifically, the study sought to identify contribution of tourism industry in socio-economic development of Zanzibar, to examine the strategies set by tourism stakeholders in promoting tourism industry in Zanzibar and to identify challenges of tourism industry in Zanzibar. The methods employed to obtain relevant information in this study were questionnaire, interview and documentary review. Before data collection took place, those primary tools (questionnaire and interview guide) were prepared and pilot tested for improving to get valid and reliable data. The qualitative data were analysed by using three qualitative techniques; these were comparison of data between sampling units, pattern matching of data and by using strong explanation building as proposed by Yin (1994). The quantitative data were analysed through tabulation, percentage and frequencies by the help of Microsoft excel. The result showed that the majority of the respondents agreed that tourism industry has great contribution to the socio-economic development of Zanzibar. These contributions include the following; generates employment opportunity, sources of income and foreign currency, expansion of market for small business and traditional goods, enabling understanding of different foreign languages, as well as encouraging intermarriages between locals and foreigners (tourists). Moreover, maintenance of cultural identity, environmental conservation and sanitation as well as promotion of interaction and hospitality are strategies set by tourism stakeholders in promoting tourism industry in Zanzibar. Furthermore, findings indicate that tourism industry in Zanzibar is faced by a lot of challenges that hinder the development of tourism industry in Zanzibar also the socio-economic development of Zanzibar. These include encroachment by foreigners, bureaucracy, political instability and presence of insecurity events. The study recommends that the government should use these set strategies properly to improve the tourism industry in Zanzibar. Also, all stakeholders must come together to perform their responsibilities to implement set strategies for promoting tourism industry in Zanzibar.
Accessibility of formal adult education in rural areas: A case of Mvomero District in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Timu, Ilankunda
This study assessed the accessibility of formal adult education in rural areas specifically in Mvomero district. The study aim was based on assessing availability of adult education centers and learners, adequacy of adult facilitators, availability of learning materials and learning infrastructure and looking at how government officials enhance of the accessibility of adult education in the district. The study used structured interviews and focus group discussion during data collection. The purposive sampling selected 23 respondents where 5 respondents were selected from government officials in the department of education in the district, 4 adult education facilitators from four wards and 14 adult learners. Content analysis was used in analyzing the collected data and findings were presented through text and narration. The findings reveal that, the district provides an adult education program in a few centers where there is a long distance from one center to another, and actual number of enrolments stand by 1071 adult learners currently. The program lack adequate facilitators where there are only 8 facilitators running the programmed and 6 out of them are volunteering in different centers. Also, the study found of lack learning materials and learning infrastructure where in all centers visited by the researcher lack books, curriculum and in some centers, there are neither classrooms nor desks for adult learners. Government officials in the district try to ensure the accessibility by finding solutions to the challenges facing the program, like establishing centers in areas where there is no centers and using primary school teachers as facilitators in areas where there is no facilitators. There are the needs of the government to put more emphasis on the program. The policy requires all education and training institutions in the country to designate adult centers, but few institutions implement that, the government must ensure also in the policy stipulate on how different learning institutions must coordinate the implementation of the program and there is the need to engage other stakeholders like private and civil society organization in the implementation of the program. Education can bring changes and development without investing in education especially, in adult education it will be difficult for the government to realize its development plans.
Implementation of the National Ageing Policy in Tanzania: What do street level bureaucrats and clients say about access to free health services by the elderly population in Morogoro Municipality?
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Mussa, M.
The goal of this study was to assess the accessibility of Free Health Services by the elderly people in public health facilities account from the street-level bureaucrats and the clients in the implementation of National Ageing Policy in Morogoro Municipality. Three wards of Kilakala, Bigwa and Sabasaba were selected to be the study area. The target population was elderly people public health providers and people working with elderly in the municipality. Mixed methods of research designs were used namely qualitative and quantitative methods. The researcher used interview method, questionnaires and documents reviews as the tools for data collections. Sixty three respondents were used as a sample of the study, to which male respondents were 30 and female 33 respectively. The selection of respondents was based on both purposive and random sampling techniques. In this study cross sectional study design was employed. The study findings revealed that National Ageing Policy is not well implemented in the implementation process, as there is a gap between what the policy advocates and its practices on the ground. 38% of respondents had low understanding on the concept, process and procedures when it comes to the free health services implementation. And that 59% of respondents showed their dissatisfaction on the services provided by free health services providers. Also, the findings show that 79% of respondents view that lack of Act and by-laws to support National Ageing Policy on free health services hinders their access to the health services. The study further observes that waiting time for Free Health Service affects their access to the services. 92% of them mentioned drugs shortage specifically drugs relating to age-related diseases affects negatively their access to the free health service. The researcher recommends for a government to ensure sufficient drugs are available at health facilities and are accessed by the elderly in all public health facilities. Also, special window for elderly at health facilities should be introduced and be used to reduce waiting time by the elderly when seeking the services. Local authority is advised to ensure elderly have health identity cards for easily identification and documentations when seeking the services. Moreover, health providers should work with other stakeholders to disseminate information regarding provision of free health services to the elderly people. A dissertation submitted to the faculty of public administration and management in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Research and Public Policy (MRPP) of Mzumbe University
Examining gender equality in accessing agricultural extension services to farm women in rural areas: The case of Mvomero District, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2016) Wataye, Benard B
Agriculture is not only one of the most important sources of rural livelihoods in Tanzania, but also makes vital contributions to the country's economy. Rural women are major agricultural producers, especially at the household level. But unfortunately they have less access to agricultural extension services. The study examined gender equality in accessing agricultural extension services among farm women. The study was undertaken at Mlali ward in Mvomero District, where 2 villages were randomly selected. Probability and non-probability sampling techniques were used to select the study respondents, and data were collected from 62 respondents. The study were guided by four specific objectives which were, to assess the attitude of the community towards women’s access to agricultural extension services, to determine socio-cultural and economic factors which promote/hinder women to access agricultural extension services, to analyze institutional framework for supporting women in accessing agricultural extension services in the rural areas and to assess the challenges of agricultural extension agents that affecting accessibility of extension services to farm women. Qualitative methods of data collection through interviews and focus group discussion were used to collect the data, and documentary method was deployed to supplement the previous methods. Content and descriptive analysis was incorporated to analyze the data from the field with the help of SPSS version 20. The results showed that the attitude of the community towards women’s access to agricultural extension service was positive in the sense that community members were of the opinion that women have the right to access extension services as men do. Three quarters of the farm women who were involved in this study had never had contact with agricultural extension officers in their fields because they were not members in the farm community groups, so getting agricultural extension service, women must join in farm community groups/organization. Therefore, the results showed that there is no any formal system such as policy or programs that are specifically dealing with the accessibility of agricultural extension services to farm women. In providing agricultural extension service extension agents faced with the challenges that in one vi way or another affecting farm woman to access agricultural extension services which were, means of transportation, many women are not members in the community farm groups and low level of participation of women in the farm field schools. The study thus recommended that, Government should formulate agricultural extension services policy which will guide and look after farm women in various aspects in the sector of agriculture, also there is a need for local authority like WEO and VEO to establish communication with other stakeholders who are dealing with the agricultural credits and trainings.
Prevalence of skin and respiratory health problems between solid waste collectors and nonsolid waste collectors in Mbeya city council
(Mzumbe University, 2017) Mtatifikolo, Charles Bahati
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of self-reported injuries, skin and respiratory health problems and related factors among waste collectors in Mbeya City Council. A cross-sectional design was used in this study, where 100 respondents highly exposed and 100 not exposed to hazards were recruited. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. SPSS software was used for analysis from which descriptive analysis and cross tabulation with Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of health problems and factors for exposure to health problems between the two working groups. Results show that there was 77.4% of respondents reported injuries for refuse handling and 8.5% from non-refuse handling staff with statistical different (p=0.03). More than three quarters (78.5%) of refuse handlers reported skin health problems while only 2% of skin health problems reported from non-refuse handlers. The two proportions were statistically different (p=0.02). In addition, majority (90.1%) of refuse handlers reported respiratory health problems whereas only 23.6% of non-refuse handling staff reported respiratory health problems. The proportions were significantly different (p=0.01). The difference between the two proportions suggests that refuse handling had significant contribution for Injuries, skin health problems and respiratory health problems occurrence reported. All the associations were established at the statistical significance calculated at p
The utilization of scientific outputs in policy formulation in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Uledi, Hamad K
The goal of this study was to find out the utilization of scientific outputs made by Research and Development institutes especially, Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI) and Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI) in the Ministry’s policy formulation, these research institutes operate autonomously under the umbrella in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (MNRT). Along this, the case study design was employed whereby, 40 respondents were selected as sample size from four departments; the Department of Administration and Human Resources, Policy and Planning, Forest Services and Beekeeping, and Wildlife Development, all were staffs working in the MNRT headquarter. Moreover, purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used; semi-structure interview guides, semi closed-ended questionnaires and documentary reviews were the selected methods of gathering information. Additionally, the computer software (Atlas.ti and MS-Excel) used to assist the researcher in data entry, data management and presentation of the findings. Frankly the findings of this study demonstrated that, the public research institutes conducted researches and disseminated their findings to the Ministry, the research reports were delivered in the form of technical reports, research summaries, and annual reports. In most case the scientific reports were presented in the conference and Ministry Board Meeting. However, the fact was that scientific outputs generated by TAFORI and TAWIRI were not fully integrated in the Ministry. The study found that the external factors that made policy makers failed to incorporate research results for policy development was the pressure from politicians; as the politicians enforced policy agenda, and inadequate fiscal resources. While internal organization sources of failure was inability of human resource in propose the policy issues to be researched for, and inability of understand, analysis and uptake of the research results as potential inputs in public policy development. Hence, to address this problem, the study recommends for the provision of refresher course to human resources as well as the public organizations should involve researchers as important stakeholders in the wholly process of developing public policy; from problem identification to the policy evaluation.
Small-scale farmers’ constraints to climate change adaptation strategies in Morogoro District, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Amosi, Mary
Tanzania government has made considerable efforts by establishing various governance responses to address climate change effects. However, the effective implementation of those initiatives is limited and at the community levels no remarkable systematic implementation has been done so far. Information about constraints to effective implementation is crucial to address measure to improve the situation and agricultural production, which is mostly disturbed by climate change. The study determined small scale farmers’ constraints to climate change adaptation strategies in Morogoro District. It specifically examined the constraints for effective implementation of Tanzania National Climate Change Strategy of (NCCS) of 2012, assessed the small-scale farmers awareness on climate change related policies, analyzed climate change adaptation strategies utilized by small-scale farmers and policies available to help small-scale farmers adapt the effects of changes in climate. This study employed a qualitative approach to determine constraints to effective implementation of climate change adaptation strategies. Primary data were gathered through interviews, Focused Group Discussions, and observation; and secondary data were collected through reviewing various published and unpublished materials. Content analysis technique was used to analyze collected data together with an assistance of Atlas TI software package. The results indicate that there is no systematic implementation of National Climate Change Strategy, due to inadequate inclusion of stakeholders in policy formulation process, budgetary and human resources constraints, lack of working facilities, and political interference, the findings also show that farmers in Morogoro District Council employ self-directed adaptation strategies such as growing drought tolerant and early maturing crops, intercropping, crop rotation, and few use irrigation system, but effective adaptation through those strategies is limited by absence of National Climate change policy, limited awareness and lack of climate change information, lack of agricultural inputs and irrigation infrastructure. The study concludes that effective implementation of National Climate Change Strategy of 2012 has faced a number of constraints, which leads to ineffective systematic implementation of adaptation strategies as stipulated in vi the strategy; awareness of climate change related policies by small scale farmers is generally low as a result there is ineffective implementation of those policies; small scale farmers have developed self-directed adaptation strategies to climate change, which are basically used as a means to manage crop risk and policies to address adaption to climate change and to help small scale farmers to effectively adapt to negative effects of climate change are insufficient. Formulation of National climate change policy through a participatory approach and ensure inclusion of key stakeholders is recommended, as well as provision of climate change education to small scale farmers through the use of media and social networks, and the government should invest on developing human resources so that to have enough technical staff who plays a role of extension services provision.
Practice and challenges in the implementation of education policy at pre-primary school level in Tanzania: A case of Bariadi District Council
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Litinchi, Ally
This study is about practice and challenges in the implementation of education policy at pre-primary level done in Bariadi District in Simiyu, Tanzania. As many literatures realized that investment in early childhood education for children has promising future for the nation. Besides, few studies conducted in Tanzania show that provision of quality pre-primary education is not yet attained. The pre-primary level is encountered by number of setbacks, to mention few, there is shortage of qualified teachers for PPE, High pupils teachers ratio, few or absence of classes for pre-primary classes and teaching, learning and playing materials is a big challenge. With regard to that observation, this study seeks to find out why there is poor implementation of pre-primary education in Tanzania with special focus to Bariadi District Council. The study explore the stakeholders perception on education policy on improving quality of pre-primary education delivered at Bariadi District, to explore the existing situation in delivering of pre-primary education and examine the policy interventions available for improving pre-primary education. The study collected data from respondents by the use of interview, questionnaire and focus group Discussion for primary data and documentary review for secondary data. The findings of the study show that poor provision of pre-primary education is a result of lack of clear policy statement on how that level of education to be provided and be financed; lack of political commitment and coordination; failure to involve stakeholders such as parents and community in program aimed at improving pre-primary education. Basing on the study findings, it is time now for increasing work for improving pre-primary education through which can be used for financing building of pre-primary classes and equip them with necessary facilities such as desks, textbooks, teaching, learning and playing materials as well as employing qualified teacher specialised in pre-primary education teaching.
Practice and challenges in the implementation of education policy at pre-primary school level in Tanzania: A case of Bariadi District Council
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Litinchi, A
This study is about practice and challenges in the implementation of education policy at pre-primary level done in Bariadi District in Simiyu, Tanzania. As many literatures realized that investment in early childhood education for children has promising future for the nation. Besides, few studies conducted in Tanzania show that provision of quality pre-primary education is not yet attained. The pre-primary level is encountered by number of setbacks, to mention few, there is shortage of qualified teachers for PPE, High pupils teachers ratio, few or absence of classes for pre-primary classes and teaching, learning and playing materials is a big challenge. With regard to that observation, this study seeks to find out why there is poor implementation of pre-primary education in Tanzania with special focus to Bariadi District Council. The study explore the stakeholders perception on education policy on improving quality of pre-primary education delivered at Bariadi District, to explore the existing situation in delivering of pre-primary education and examine the policy interventions available for improving pre-primary education. The study collected data from respondents by the use of interview, questionnaire and focus group Discussion for primary data and documentary review for secondary data. The findings of the study show that poor provision of pre-primary education is a result of lack of clear policy statement on how that level of education to be provided and be financed; lack of political commitment and coordination; failure to involve stakeholders such as parents and community in program aimed at improving pre-primary education. Basing on the study findings, it is time now for increasing work for improving pre-primary education through which can be used for financing building of pre-primary classes and equip them with necessary facilities such as desks, textbooks, teaching, learning and playing materials as well as employing qualified teacher specialised in pre-primary education teaching.
Community participation in solid waste management in urban settlements: A case of Mbeya City Council, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Said, Yahaya H.
The main objective of this dissertation was to assess the community participation in solid waste in Mbeya City Council. Specifically the study were to assess the current state of the solid waste generation and management, to examine the role that the community plays in solid waste management, to examine the role City Council plays in solid waste management and to examine the influence of the City Council and community participation on waste management in the study area. Data was collected by using systematic, purposive and convenience sampling methods from a sample size of 101 individuals. Data analysis of qualitative data was done by using the grounded theory approach; and for quantitative data, the multiple regression analysis was employed. The findings of this study revealed that the nature of solid waste generated by the Mbeya city council residents was mainly organic and inorganic waste material. The community participates in managing solid waste through individual household efforts, not collective efforts. Also there was a limited effort from the City Council in establishing solid waste consolidation points in the streets; on the other hand, the city Council was doing well at enforcing the bylaws that fosters good waste management in the streets. Also the last discovery of this study was that both, the City Council and the community efforts were critical to the performance of good solid waste management in the city. The researcher concludes that, the efforts of both, the city council and the community are critical to the reduction of waste produced in the cities. The study recommends that these two stakeholders need to play their roles in preserving the environment. The study also recommends that, the awareness campaign and education to the community should be given a priority which will eventually make them understand the benefit of Solid waste management. Consequently, City Authorities should invite other stakeholders including Community Based Organizations’ (CBO’s) and other private sectors to collective responsibility in managing solid waste.
Practice and challenges in the implementation of education policy at pre-primary school level in Tanzania: A case of Bariadi District Council
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Litinchi, Ally
This study is about practice and challenges in the implementation of education policy at pre-primary level done in Bariadi District in Simiyu, Tanzania. As many literatures realized that investment in early childhood education for children has promising future for the nation. Besides, few studies conducted in Tanzania show that provision of quality pre-primary education is not yet attained. The pre-primary level is encountered by number of setbacks, to mention few, there is shortage of qualified teachers for PPE, High pupils teachers ratio, few or absence of classes for pre-primary classes and teaching, learning and playing materials is a big challenge. With regard to that observation, this study seeks to find out why there is poor implementation of pre-primary education in Tanzania with special focus to Bariadi District Council. The study explore the stakeholders perception on education policy on improving quality of pre-primary education delivered at Bariadi District, to explore the existing situation in delivering of pre-primary education and examine the policy interventions available for improving pre-primary education. The study collected data from respondents by the use of interview, questionnaire and focus group Discussion for primary data and documentary review for secondary data. The findings of the study show that poor provision of pre-primary education is a result of lack of clear policy statement on how that level of education to be provided and be financed; lack of political commitment and coordination; failure to involve stakeholders such as parents and community in program aimed at improving pre-primary education. Basing on the study findings, it is time now for increasing work for improving pre-primary education through which can be used for financing building of pre-primary classes and equip them with necessary facilities such as desks, textbooks, teaching, learning and playing materials as well as employing qualified teacher specialised in pre-primary education teaching.
Implementation of land policy in Tanzania: Street level bureaucracy and citizens’ perspectives on farmer-herders conflicts in Momba district
(Mzumbe University, 2018) Almassy, Haroub J.
This study was conducted in Momba District Council in Songwe Region and it was qualitative focusing on the topic titled ‘Implementation of land policy in Tanzania: street level bureaucracy and citizens’ perspectives on farmer-herders conflicts in Momba District’. It used a case study research design employing both in-depth interview and focus group discussion to collect data. The sample size used was 37 respondents including: 1 District land Officer, 1 District Agricultural Officer, 1 District Livestock Officer, 2 Ward Councilors, 2 Ward Executive Officers, 2 Community Development Officers, 4 Village Executive Officers, 4 Village Chairpersons, 10 Farmers, 10 Herders. Data analysis was done using ATLAS.ti, which is a Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS). The study had three specific objectives, namely to examine the land distribution pattern among people in Momba District; to examine the role of customary rights of land ownership in addressing the conflicts between farmers and herders; finally to examine the institutional arrangements in land administration and their role in resolving conflicts between farmers and herders. The study has shown that farmer-herders’ conflicts in Momba District council are triggered by inadequate land use planning caused by financial constraints of the citizens to pay for the service and the government official responsible for land use planning to accomplish the exercise, insufficient land personnel and lack of enough tools to run the exercise. On the other hand, there are cultural beliefs and low awareness on the importance of land ownership either by Certificate of Customary Rights of Occupancy (CCRO) or the title deeds provided by the commissioner of land. Corruption and maladministration by Ward and Village leaders have also fueled the conflicts between farmers and herders in the district. Therefore, it is highly recommended that land use planning should be given a high priority simply because all responsible officials at the village, ward and district level as well as farmers and herders have acknowledged that land use planning will be a game changer in a study area. This implies that failure to implement land policy properly will lead to a continuation of conflicts among the two groups of farmers and herders that situation can result in far reaching consequences.
Research findings and health policy formulation in Zanzibar
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Abeid, Kassim A.
This study examined the use of research finding in health policy formulation in Zanzibar. The aim of this study was to see how the policy makers in the Ministry of Health use research findings as an input during the policy formulation. The general objective was to examine the use of research findings in formulation of health policy in Zanzibar. Specific objectives were: to determine how research findings have been used in the development of health policy in Zanzibar, to examine the linkage between policy makers and researchers, to identify the challenges that limited the use of research findings in formulation of health policy in Zanzibar and solutions thereof. Along this, the study adopted the qualitative approach using a case study design. 50 respondents were purposively selected as a sample size drawn from different area including Ministry of Health, Research Institutions and NGOs as sampling frame. In this study, primary and secondary data were collected through interviews and document reviews as the methods of gathering information and analysed by using content analysis technique. The findings of this study indicated that use of research findings is a fundamental input in the formulation of health policy. However, the policy makers rely on using inadequate evidence in formulating policy; this has been caused by poor coordination between policy makers and researchers which resulted to poor implementation of the policy. Such state of affairs is against evidence based policy. This substantiates the overriding views among policy makers that the connection between research and policy formulation remains to be one of the most commonly identified challenges of policy and ensures the formulation of evidence based policy that can solve problem in the country.
Street level bureaucracy and public service delivery in Tanzania: The case of the delivery of health services in Morogoro Municipality
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Chagulani, Shabiru
The main objective of this study was to examine the coping strategies which are used by street bureaucrats in delivery of health services in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. Specifically, the objective of the study was to determine the level of understanding the roles of street level bureaucrats among the SLBs in delivery of health services, to identify challenges which they encounter and the coping strategies they apply in dealing with those challenges. In gathering of information for this study, different interviews were conducted. In-depth interviews involved; Municipal health secretary, medical in charges of health centres, medical doctors and clinical officers. Focus group interviews involved nurses. All these interviews were carried out to four health centres in four wards of Morogoro Municipality. The study revealed that the roles of SLBs are highly known by SLBs and the study revealed different roles of SLBs. Moreover, the roles differ in terms of cadre and departments. Regarding to the challenges which are encountered by SLBs, the study found that there are different challenges which face them in fulfilling their duties and these challenges were identified as; shortage of buildings, high workloads, insufficient drugs and medical equipment, high number of clients, shortage of staff ,unconducive working environment and less public awareness to health- related issues. Lastly, the study revealed that there are different coping strategies which are employed by SLBs in dealing with those challenges. These strategies are: sharing of office, redistribution of staff, improvising of resources, double shift and working in extra hours. These strategies were developed as an attempt to provide services in challenging environment.
Research findings and health policy formulation in Zanzibar
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Abeid, Kassim A.
This study examined the use of research finding in health policy formulation in Zanzibar. The aim of this study was to see how the policy makers in the Ministry of Health use research findings as an input during the policy formulation. The general objective was to examine the use of research findings in formulation of health policy in Zanzibar. Specific objectives were: to determine how research findings have been used in the development of health policy in Zanzibar, to examine the linkage between policy makers and researchers, to identify the challenges that limited the use of research findings in formulation of health policy in Zanzibar and solutions thereof. Along this, the study adopted the qualitative approach using a case study design. 50 respondents were purposively selected as a sample size drawn from different area including Ministry of Health, Research Institutions and NGOs as sampling frame. In this study, primary and secondary data were collected through interviews and document reviews as the methods of gathering information and analysed by using content analysis technique. The findings of this study indicated that use of research findings is a fundamental input in the formulation of health policy. However, the policy makers rely on using inadequate evidence in formulating policy; this has been caused by poor coordination between policy makers and researchers which resulted to poor implementation of the policy. Such state of affairs is against evidence based policy. This substantiates the overriding views among policy makers that the connection between research and policy formulation remains to be one of the most commonly identified challenges of policy and ensures the formulation of evidence based policy that can solve problem in the country.
Child policy implementation in preventing child abuse and violence in Unguja Island, Zanzibar
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Khamis, Arafa H.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the child policy implementation in preventing child abuse and violence, at the Ministry of Labour, Elder, Empowerment, Women and children (MLEEWC) in Zanzibar. The case study design was employed involving 46 respondents selected from the Ministry’s headquarters especially from two departments; Departments of Elders and Social Welfare and Departments of Women and Children’s Development. Likewise, cooperative organisations such as Zanzibar Legal services centre, Zanzibar Female lawyer Association, Religious leaders, Tomondo residents, Regional and Districts Social Welfare Officers and One-Stop Centre in Zanzibar particularly Unguja Island were involved. Saturated sampling for sample selections were used to the officers of the two selected department of the MLEEWC. Furthermore purposive sampling techniques were employed to the workers from Non - Government institutions and Tomondo residents. On additional to that, interviews were administered, as well as documentary reviews were employed during data collections. Apart from that, the analysis was made through thematic analysis, the computer software for social science (MS-Excel) were employed to assist the researcher in data entry, data management and presentations of the findings. The major findings were as follows: despite the tangible efforts made by the Government and other supportive Agencies on preventing child abuse cases and violence, the problem of child abuse and violence persist in Zanzibar. It is recommends that for effective implementations, the Government has to create an enabling environment as one of the critical requirement for protecting children. Such environment consist enactment of legislation, policies and strategies that protect children against child abuse and violence. Further recommendations, the established committee at levels identified in the study which are Ministry responsible for children, Regional, Districts, Shehia levels, community members and other Government department dealing with protection of children against abuse and violence they should create a broader coordination with other stake holders so as to fight war against child and among them, women and child, laws, justice, health, education finance, police and local Government and NGOs together with multilateral sectors of FBOs.
The role of health sector basket fund on improvement of health services provision: A case of Nachingwea District Council, Lindi Region
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Mbago, Ngoma, T.
The study examined the implementation of Health Sector Basket Fund on improvement of health services provision in Nachingwea District Council. The study specifically, examined the trend of Health Sector Basket Fund disbursement for financial years, 2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, determined the activities supported by Health Sector Basket Fund implementation as planned in the Comprehensive Council Health Planning, and determined the perceived challenges of Health Sector Basket Fund implementation in the Nachingwea District Council. The study employed a single descriptive study design comprising the sample size of sixty (60) respondents including council health management team, health facilities in charges and their assistants. Moreover, simple random samplings were used as selection technique of the study. A quantitative research approach was employed in this study to collect information from the respondents easily and timely. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire which involved both closed and open ended questions. The descriptive statistics analyses were done with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The major findings of the study showed that, the trend of HSBF disbursement in three financial years 2015/16, 2016/17 and 2017/18 were Tsh. 401,727,651.87,Tsh. 503,277,000.00 and Tsh.428,394,800.00 respectively. The amounts were disbursed in two phases that is a half in every two quarters until the amount was finished and the results indicate that the council did not receive the Health Sector Basket Funds (HSBF) timely, and that the fund was sent to the council on quarterly system. That means, half of the budget needed for two quarters and another half of the amounts was received for the other last two quarters. The results also show that, the activities supported by Health Sector Basket Funds (HSBF) were implemented as planned in the Comprehensive Council Health Planning (CCHP). It also shows that, the major challenge in the implementation of Health Sector Basket Funds (HSBF) were delay in disbursement of funds and transport system. The study recommends that, the Health Sector Basket Fund (HSBF) improve the health services provision in Nachingwea Ditsrict Council. The government should insist the partners and donors who support the fund to disburse timely in order to rescue the consequences of health services provision in all councils.
Implementation of inclusive education programme in public primary schools in Uvinza District Council in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Kayagula, B
The implementation of inclusive education programmed in some areas has been reported very challenging. This has caused some of public primary schools to have low enrolment of children with disabilities (CWDs). With this regard, this study aimed at examining the extent to which inclusive education programmed has been implemented in Public primary schools to ensure that children with disabilities are enrolled and have access to education in Uvinza District Council. The study was designed to; ascertain the presence of infrastructures and facilities, determine the level of teachers’ preparedness, identify the approaches used by schools to identify and enroll children with disabilities and assess parents’ attitude on inclusion of children with disabilities in public primary schools. Mixed Methods Research approach and descriptive research design was used to guide this study. A sample size of 121 respondents from teachers, head teachers, parents and district education officer for special needs education was used. Interview, questionnaire and observation methods were used to collect primary data while documentary review was used for secondary data. The study found that amongst the selected public primary schools had no improved infrastructures and facilities to accommodate children with disabilities. Majority of teachers (88.1%) had no professional skills and lacked trainings to respond to CWDs. The approaches used by schools to identify and enrolls children with disabilities varied from one school to another. Most of parents are aware that children with disabilities are supposed to be placed in inclusive schools although they still doubt if CWDs can learn effectively with non-disabled children. Therefore, the study recommends that; Central government should prepare a special budget for supporting implementation of IEP. LEAs should seriously take into account in supporting those schools to have improved infrastructures, facilities, well trained teachers and mobilized community members, and build special canters for children with severe disabilities.
Factors influencing the level of women participation in community development projects: A case of Kahama Town Council
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Lugendo, Vailet N.
This study intended to investigate the factors influencing the level of woman participation in community development projects. It was carried out in Kahama Town council. The emphasis was put on the bypass of women in execution of development projects through devolved participatory approach to development. Four specific objectives of the study were: to determine level of participation of women in community development projects at Kagongwa ward, examine socio cultural factors influencing the participation of women in community development projects, identify economic factors influencing the participation of women in community development projects and to establish the role of media in influencing women participation in community development project. The study utilized a case study design, with a sample size of 100 respondents where by mixed methods of research approach were used in data collection, data analysis and data interpretation. Questionnaire survey and interview methods were used to collect data. Two data analysis methods were employed; the content analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistical analysis using a statistical package for the social sciences computer programmed (SPSS) version 20.0 for quantitative data. The finding of the study reveals that the level of women participation in community development projects at Kagongwa ward is medium. Social cultural factors such as social norms and values, gender roles and stereotyping, and attitude influence negatively on women participation in community development projects. Level of education has positive significance influence on women participation in community development projects. Furthermore, the study reveals that economic factors like income level and pre occupation of women affected the level of women participation in community development project. Media was observed to influence the level of women participation in community development projects. The study recommends that there should be improvements on gender awareness for men and women; capacity building for women training for both men and women and dissemination of information through media should be given priority.