Public Service and Human Resource Management
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Item Pastoralism reorganised: Maasai resilience and governance in the shadow of mega-infrastructure in Tanzania(Cogent Social Sciences- Taylor &Francis, 2026) Chambo, Makulangwa Jeremiah; Massoi, lucy WillyMega-infrastructure projects are widely promoted as engines of modernisation in Africa, yet their implications for pastoralist societies remain contested. this article examines how Tanzania’s Standard Gauge railway (SGr) has reshaped livelihoods, governance, and spatial practices among the Ilparakuyo Maasai in Kilosa District. using interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations, the study draws on lefebvre’s notion of the production of space and resilience theory to analyze community responses. the findings show that the SGr has not displaced pastoralists but reorganised their practices through adaptation rather than transformation. Stations and adjacent settlements became economic hubs appropriated by women traders and youth entrepreneurs, with profits often reinvested in livestock, reinforcing pastoral continuity. resilience emerged through livelihood diversification, though unevenly distributed across households. Governance appeared as a contested arena, where elders mediated disputes, women pressed for inclusion, and state regulations reshaped authority. the study argues that the SGR generates hybrid socio-spatial realities in which pastoralists assert agency, reorganise livelihoods, and renegotiate authority. By moving beyond binary narratives of disruption versus modernisation, it extends debates on infrastructure, resilience, and governance in African rangelands.Item Factors influencing the level of women participation in community development projects: A case of Kahama Town Council(Mzumbe University, 2019) Lugendo, Vailet N.This study intended to investigate the factors influencing the level of woman participation in community development projects. It was carried out in Kahama Town council. The emphasis was put on the bypass of women in execution of development projects through devolved participatory approach to development. Four specific objectives of the study were: to determine level of participation of women in community development projects at Kagongwa ward, examine socio cultural factors influencing the participation of women in community development projects, identify economic factors influencing the participation of women in community development projects and to establish the role of media in influencing women participation in community development project. The study utilized a case study design, with a sample size of 100 respondents where by mixed methods of research approach were used in data collection, data analysis and data interpretation. Questionnaire survey and interview methods were used to collect data. Two data analysis methods were employed; the content analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistical analysis using a statistical package for the social sciences computer programmed (SPSS) version 20.0 for quantitative data. The finding of the study reveals that the level of women participation in community development projects at Kagongwa ward is medium. Social cultural factors such as social norms and values, gender roles and stereotyping, and attitude influence negatively on women participation in community development projects. Level of education has positive significance influence on women participation in community development projects. Furthermore, the study reveals that economic factors like income level and pre occupation of women affected the level of women participation in community development project. Media was observed to influence the level of women participation in community development projects. The study recommends that there should be improvements on gender awareness for men and women; capacity building for women training for both men and women and dissemination of information through media should be given priority.Item The role of health sector basket fund on improvement of health services provision: A case of Nachingwea District Council, Lindi Region(Mzumbe University, 2019) Mbago, Ngoma, T.The study examined the implementation of Health Sector Basket Fund on improvement of health services provision in Nachingwea District Council. The study specifically, examined the trend of Health Sector Basket Fund disbursement for financial years, 2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, determined the activities supported by Health Sector Basket Fund implementation as planned in the Comprehensive Council Health Planning, and determined the perceived challenges of Health Sector Basket Fund implementation in the Nachingwea District Council. The study employed a single descriptive study design comprising the sample size of sixty (60) respondents including council health management team, health facilities in charges and their assistants. Moreover, simple random samplings were used as selection technique of the study. A quantitative research approach was employed in this study to collect information from the respondents easily and timely. The data collection tool used was a questionnaire which involved both closed and open ended questions. The descriptive statistics analyses were done with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The major findings of the study showed that, the trend of HSBF disbursement in three financial years 2015/16, 2016/17 and 2017/18 were Tsh. 401,727,651.87,Tsh. 503,277,000.00 and Tsh.428,394,800.00 respectively. The amounts were disbursed in two phases that is a half in every two quarters until the amount was finished and the results indicate that the council did not receive the Health Sector Basket Funds (HSBF) timely, and that the fund was sent to the council on quarterly system. That means, half of the budget needed for two quarters and another half of the amounts was received for the other last two quarters. The results also show that, the activities supported by Health Sector Basket Funds (HSBF) were implemented as planned in the Comprehensive Council Health Planning (CCHP). It also shows that, the major challenge in the implementation of Health Sector Basket Funds (HSBF) were delay in disbursement of funds and transport system. The study recommends that, the Health Sector Basket Fund (HSBF) improve the health services provision in Nachingwea Ditsrict Council. The government should insist the partners and donors who support the fund to disburse timely in order to rescue the consequences of health services provision in all councils.Item Implementation of inclusive education programme in public primary schools in Uvinza District Council in Tanzania(Mzumbe University, 2019) Kayagula, BThe implementation of inclusive education programmed in some areas has been reported very challenging. This has caused some of public primary schools to have low enrolment of children with disabilities (CWDs). With this regard, this study aimed at examining the extent to which inclusive education programmed has been implemented in Public primary schools to ensure that children with disabilities are enrolled and have access to education in Uvinza District Council. The study was designed to; ascertain the presence of infrastructures and facilities, determine the level of teachers’ preparedness, identify the approaches used by schools to identify and enroll children with disabilities and assess parents’ attitude on inclusion of children with disabilities in public primary schools. Mixed Methods Research approach and descriptive research design was used to guide this study. A sample size of 121 respondents from teachers, head teachers, parents and district education officer for special needs education was used. Interview, questionnaire and observation methods were used to collect primary data while documentary review was used for secondary data. The study found that amongst the selected public primary schools had no improved infrastructures and facilities to accommodate children with disabilities. Majority of teachers (88.1%) had no professional skills and lacked trainings to respond to CWDs. The approaches used by schools to identify and enrolls children with disabilities varied from one school to another. Most of parents are aware that children with disabilities are supposed to be placed in inclusive schools although they still doubt if CWDs can learn effectively with non-disabled children. Therefore, the study recommends that; Central government should prepare a special budget for supporting implementation of IEP. LEAs should seriously take into account in supporting those schools to have improved infrastructures, facilities, well trained teachers and mobilized community members, and build special canters for children with severe disabilities.Item Implementation of the National Ageing Policy in Tanzania: What do street level bureaucrats and clients say about access to free health services by the elderly population in Morogoro Municipality?(Mzumbe University, 2016) Mussa, M.The goal of this study was to assess the accessibility of Free Health Services by the elderly people in public health facilities account from the street-level bureaucrats and the clients in the implementation of National Ageing Policy in Morogoro Municipality. Three wards of Kilakala, Bigwa and Sabasaba were selected to be the study area. The target population was elderly people public health providers and people working with elderly in the municipality. Mixed methods of research designs were used namely qualitative and quantitative methods. The researcher used interview method, questionnaires and documents reviews as the tools for data collections. Sixty three respondents were used as a sample of the study, to which male respondents were 30 and female 33 respectively. The selection of respondents was based on both purposive and random sampling techniques. In this study cross sectional study design was employed. The study findings revealed that National Ageing Policy is not well implemented in the implementation process, as there is a gap between what the policy advocates and its practices on the ground. 38% of respondents had low understanding on the concept, process and procedures when it comes to the free health services implementation. And that 59% of respondents showed their dissatisfaction on the services provided by free health services providers. Also, the findings show that 79% of respondents view that lack of Act and by-laws to support National Ageing Policy on free health services hinders their access to the health services. The study further observes that waiting time for Free Health Service affects their access to the services. 92% of them mentioned drugs shortage specifically drugs relating to age-related diseases affects negatively their access to the free health service. The researcher recommends for a government to ensure sufficient drugs are available at health facilities and are accessed by the elderly in all public health facilities. Also, special window for elderly at health facilities should be introduced and be used to reduce waiting time by the elderly when seeking the services. Local authority is advised to ensure elderly have health identity cards for easily identification and documentations when seeking the services. Moreover, health providers should work with other stakeholders to disseminate information regarding provision of free health services to the elderly people. A dissertation submitted to the faculty of public administration and management in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Research and Public Policy (MRPP) of Mzumbe UniversityItem From victims to beneficiaries: Empowerment and participation of women in the Kidunda Dam Project in Morogoro, Tanzania(Mzumbe Unversity, 2024) Nuru , Jackson; Massoi , Lucy W.; Fundi, Saida S.This article explores the empowerment and participation of women in developing the Kidunda Dam project in Tanzania, using the ladder of citizen participation framework to analyse their participation in decision-making, social and community engagement, and economic contributions. A qualitative research design was employed, with data collected through in depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and documentary reviews, with a thematic analysis technique to identify and analyse the key themes related to women's participation in decision-making, social and community engagement, and economic contributions. Findings reveal that women have taken on various roles, including participation in project committees and contributing to decision-making processes, promoting transparency, information sharing, and increased community engagement. Economically, women have leveraged the dam's construction to initiate business ventures, significantly contributing to the local livelihoods. This article emphasises that empowerment in mega infrastructure projects requires more than formal participation. It demands equitable engagement at every stage. In alignment with the goals of Agenda 2063, the study underscores the need for gender-sensitive infrastructure design to promote inclusive and sustainable development. Policy recommendations call for participatory practices that ensure women's contributions are recognised, valued, and integrated into development frameworks.Item Accessibility of formal adult education in rural areas: A case of Mvomero District in Tanzania(Mzumbe University, 2016) Timu, IlankundaThis study assessed the accessibility of formal adult education in rural areas specifically in Mvomero district. The study aim was based on assessing availability of adult education centers and learners, adequacy of adult facilitators, availability of learning materials and learning infrastructure and looking at how government officials enhance of the accessibility of adult education in the district. The study used structured interviews and focus group discussion during data collection. The purposive sampling selected 23 respondents where 5 respondents were selected from government officials in the department of education in the district, 4 adult education facilitators from four wards and 14 adult learners. Content analysis was used in analyzing the collected data and findings were presented through text and narration. The findings reveal that, the district provides an adult education program in a few centers where there is a long distance from one center to another, and actual number of enrolments stand by 1071 adult learners currently. The program lack adequate facilitators where there are only 8 facilitators running the programmed and 6 out of them are volunteering in different centers. Also, the study found of lack learning materials and learning infrastructure where in all centers visited by the researcher lack books, curriculum and in some centers, there are neither classrooms nor desks for adult learners. Government officials in the district try to ensure the accessibility by finding solutions to the challenges facing the program, like establishing centers in areas where there is no centers and using primary school teachers as facilitators in areas where there is no facilitators. There are the needs of the government to put more emphasis on the program. The policy requires all education and training institutions in the country to designate adult centers, but few institutions implement that, the government must ensure also in the policy stipulate on how different learning institutions must coordinate the implementation of the program and there is the need to engage other stakeholders like private and civil society organization in the implementation of the program. Education can bring changes and development without investing in education especially, in adult education it will be difficult for the government to realize its development plans.Item The roles of tourism industry in socio-economic development of Zanzibar : A case study of Zanzibar town(Mzumbe University, 2016) Moh’d, Issa S.This study was done to examine the roles of tourism industry in socio-economic development of Zanzibar. Specifically, the study sought to identify contribution of tourism industry in socio-economic development of Zanzibar, to examine the strategies set by tourism stakeholders in promoting tourism industry in Zanzibar and to identify challenges of tourism industry in Zanzibar. The methods employed to obtain relevant information in this study were questionnaire, interview and documentary review. Before data collection took place, those primary tools (questionnaire and interview guide) were prepared and pilot tested for improving to get valid and reliable data. The qualitative data were analysed by using three qualitative techniques; these were comparison of data between sampling units, pattern matching of data and by using strong explanation building as proposed by Yin (1994). The quantitative data were analysed through tabulation, percentage and frequencies by the help of Microsoft excel. The result showed that the majority of the respondents agreed that tourism industry has great contribution to the socio-economic development of Zanzibar. These contributions include the following; generates employment opportunity, sources of income and foreign currency, expansion of market for small business and traditional goods, enabling understanding of different foreign languages, as well as encouraging intermarriages between locals and foreigners (tourists). Moreover, maintenance of cultural identity, environmental conservation and sanitation as well as promotion of interaction and hospitality are strategies set by tourism stakeholders in promoting tourism industry in Zanzibar. Furthermore, findings indicate that tourism industry in Zanzibar is faced by a lot of challenges that hinder the development of tourism industry in Zanzibar also the socio-economic development of Zanzibar. These include encroachment by foreigners, bureaucracy, political instability and presence of insecurity events. The study recommends that the government should use these set strategies properly to improve the tourism industry in Zanzibar. Also, all stakeholders must come together to perform their responsibilities to implement set strategies for promoting tourism industry in Zanzibar.Item Child policy implementation in preventing child abuse and violence in Unguja Island, Zanzibar(Mzumbe University, 2019) Khamis, Arafa H.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the child policy implementation in preventing child abuse and violence, at the Ministry of Labour, Elder, Empowerment, Women and children (MLEEWC) in Zanzibar. The case study design was employed involving 46 respondents selected from the Ministry’s headquarters especially from two departments; Departments of Elders and Social Welfare and Departments of Women and Children’s Development. Likewise, cooperative organisations such as Zanzibar Legal services centre, Zanzibar Female lawyer Association, Religious leaders, Tomondo residents, Regional and Districts Social Welfare Officers and One-Stop Centre in Zanzibar particularly Unguja Island were involved. Saturated sampling for sample selections were used to the officers of the two selected department of the MLEEWC. Furthermore purposive sampling techniques were employed to the workers from Non - Government institutions and Tomondo residents. On additional to that, interviews were administered, as well as documentary reviews were employed during data collections. Apart from that, the analysis was made through thematic analysis, the computer software for social science (MS-Excel) were employed to assist the researcher in data entry, data management and presentations of the findings. The major findings were as follows: despite the tangible efforts made by the Government and other supportive Agencies on preventing child abuse cases and violence, the problem of child abuse and violence persist in Zanzibar. It is recommends that for effective implementations, the Government has to create an enabling environment as one of the critical requirement for protecting children. Such environment consist enactment of legislation, policies and strategies that protect children against child abuse and violence. Further recommendations, the established committee at levels identified in the study which are Ministry responsible for children, Regional, Districts, Shehia levels, community members and other Government department dealing with protection of children against abuse and violence they should create a broader coordination with other stake holders so as to fight war against child and among them, women and child, laws, justice, health, education finance, police and local Government and NGOs together with multilateral sectors of FBOs.Item Synergy or conflict? political-administrative interactions in local governance at Kibaha Town Council, Tanzania(2025-02-10) Kasanga, Philomena; Massoi, Lucy WillyThis study examines the impact of political-administrative interactions on local governance in Tanzania, using Kibaha Town Council as a case study. Drawing on the Political-Administrative Dichotomy (PAD) and the Classical Model of Public Administration, the study explores how these interactions influence decision-making, policy implementation, and service delivery at the local level. Using a case study design and a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 52 respondents, including elected officials (Members of Parliament, Councilors, and Town Chairpersons) and appointed officials (District Commissioner and Town Director). A total of 52 respondents were selected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques from a population size of 91 employee of Kibaha Town Council. Qualitative data from interviews were analyzed thematically, while quantitative data were processed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Findings reveal that 91.2% of respondents perceive political administrative interactions as positively impacting governance, particularly in policy formulation, law-making, and development administration. However, challenges such as role ambiguity and conflicts between politicians and administrators remain significant obstacles to effective governance. This study concludes that addressing these challenges through clearer role definitions, improved communication channels, and enhanced monitoring and evaluation (M&E) mechanisms can strengthen governance structures. While the study focuses on Kibaha Town Council, its findings contribute to the broader understanding of political- administrative interactions in Tanzania’s local governance system. This research recommends the establishment of a well-defined legislative framework to streamline governance operations, ensuring that political and administrative roles complement rather than conflict with each other. Furthermore, standardized guidelines across local government authorities (LGAs) would promote consistency, collaboration and institutional efficiency.