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Item Financial sustainability of rural microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Tanzania(University of Greenwich (London), 2010) Nyamsogoro, G. DanielAbstract An enduring problem facing microfinance institutions is how to attain financial sustainability. Several studies have been conducted to determine the factors affecting financial sustainability of microfinance institutions using large and well developed MFIs in various countries. However, no such study has been conducted in rural Tanzania where majority of MFIs are small, most of which are member-based (cooperatives). Consequently, the factors affecting their financial sustainability are not known. This study, therefore, was set to bridge this knowledge gap. This study followed a quantitative research approach using panel data regression as the main data analysis technique. The study was based on four years primary and secondary data obtained from 98 sampled rural MFIs in Tanzania. We found that microfinance capital structure, interest rates charged, differences in lending type, cost per borrower, product type, MFI size, number of borrowers, yield on gross loan portfolio, level of portfolio at risk, liquidity level, staff productivity, and the operating efficiency affect the financial sustainability of rural microfinance institutions in Tanzania. The study makes the following key contributions to knowledge in addition to determining factors affecting financial sustainability of rural microfinance institutions in Tanzania: First, the study reveals that there exists simultaneous causality relationship between financial sustainability and breadth of outreach. When this relationship is not considered in determining factors affecting financial sustainability there may be inconsistent evidence on the existence of mission drift. Second, it unveils the trade-off between financial sustainability and breadth of outreach with regards to the minimum loan size when group lending is used. That is, larger loan size, while improves profitability, reduces the breadth of outreach. Third, the study provides empirical evidence that the impact of a particular lending type on microfinance institution‟s profitability will depend on the term to maturity and number of instalments reflected in its lending terms. Fourth, consistent with the institutionists‟ view, the study provides empirical evidence that financial sustainability of microfinance institutions improves their breadth of outreach. Lastly, the study documents the applicability and limitations of previous studies to rural microfinance institutions in Tanzania.Item Trade credit in the Tanzanian rice market(University of Groningen, SOM research school, 2010-10-14) Kihanga, Ernest P.To access "abstract" for this Thesis use this link : https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/197b89a2-c17c-4d00-80c7-b2ebe4c0bb12 Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.Item Impact of internal controls on execution of payroll system : A case study of Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs – Zanzibar (MoFEA)(Mzumbe University, 2013) Ahmada, Ridhwan I.Many of the organizations’ activities are not attained due to poor or ineffective of internal controls system; with proper internal controls however guarantee the efficiency of a particular system (activities). Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the impact of internal controls on execution of payroll system to the Ministry of finance and economics affairs Zanzibar (MoFEA). The research methodology used case study research approach. A sample size of 60 respondents who comprised of MoFEA’s employees and other staffs working with the government of Zanzibar was involved. The methods of data collection involved both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected by using questionnaires and interview guide whereas documentary review was used in secondary method. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, and simple calculations by calculator were used to analyze the data where simple frequencies and percentages were created. The study findings observed that, internal controls were available on the payroll system of the organization; these were 78.3% of the respondents. Specifically 83.3% said that pay slips are issued, 65% segregation of duties is available, 95% block of salaries is exercised and 80% government payroll review is too exercised. Also the study revealed that some payroll activities were good enough for the efficiency of payroll system. In addition to that, it was found that there was compliance of internal controls in relation to the payroll system through punishments and having responsible parties to monitor the compliance. The study however portrayed that, almost 31.7% of the total respondents said that there were some weaknesses in relation to internal controls over payroll system. Following these results the researcher therefore calls for the Ministry to analyze and take the corrective measures with those weaknesses of internal controls over payroll system. The ministry also should pay salaries based on time (attendance) as this will discourage employees being absent from their work, independent check by the auditor and governments’ payroll review should be carried on in a scheduled manner. i.e. at a regular interval.Item Assessment of factors limiting small and medium enterprises growth in Zanzibar : A case of Zanzibar West District(Mzumbe University, 2013) Judama, Suleiman K.The small and medium sized firms play very vital role in the development of any nation and no one country can complete its growth stages without small and medium sized enterprises. Hence, the focus of this thesis was the assessment of factors limiting SMEs growth in Zanzibar west district. The research model was focus on SMEs internal factors, government initiatives and financial support factors. There are numbers of factors hindering their growth; external factors such as, access to finance, tax and tariff, SMEs policy of Zanzibar and internal factors such as, Lack of experience in the business, Lack of a proper business plan, Poor managerial capability, Lack of proper record keeping i.e. accounting records, Inadequate education and training (capacity development), and Lack of professional advice. The research methodology used in data collection was survey study design in which questionnaires and interview guide as the main tools for the data collection were distributed across west district of Zanzibar. Simple random sampling was most used to obtain the required sample across the district. Both primary and secondary data type was used to obtain the required information. Primary data collected from the questionnaires were summarized, coded and a descriptive analysis of the data was conducted. Qualitative methods of data analysis were being used in analyzing the data collected. The methods used included descriptive analysis, frequencies and percentages to facilitate description of the characteristics of the sample. Findings of this study provide useful information for SMEs, financial institutions, and government of Zanzibar. The findings of the research have important implications for the SMEs, Government and Banking sector in Zanzibar. As the government targets alleviation of poverty in the countryside in four-year. Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (ZSGRP) known as Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umasikini Zanzibar (MKUZA) in its Kiswahili acronym is the second generation of national development framework to implement Vision 2020.Item Assessment of factors limiting small and medium enterprises growth in Zanzibar : A case of Zanzibar West District(Mzumbe University, 2013)The small and medium sized firms play very vital role in the development of any nation and no one country can complete its growth stages without small and medium sized enterprises. Hence, the focus of this thesis was the assessment of factors limiting SMEs growth in Zanzibar west district. The research model was focus on SMEs internal factors, government initiatives and financial support factors. There are numbers of factors hindering their growth; external factors such as, access to finance, tax and tariff, SMEs policy of Zanzibar and internal factors such as, Lack of experience in the business, Lack of a proper business plan, Poor managerial capability, Lack of proper record keeping i.e. accounting records, Inadequate education and training (capacity development), and Lack of professional advice. The research methodology used in data collection was survey study design in which questionnaires and interview guide as the main tools for the data collection were distributed across west district of Zanzibar. Simple random sampling was most used to obtain the required sample across the district. Both primary and secondary data type was used to obtain the required information. Primary data collected from the questionnaires were summarized, coded and a descriptive analysis of the data was conducted. Qualitative methods of data analysis were being used in analyzing the data collected. The methods used included descriptive analysis, frequencies and percentages to facilitate description of the characteristics of the sample. Findings of this study provide useful information for SMEs, financial institutions, and government of Zanzibar. The findings of the research have important implications for the SMEs, Government and Banking sector in Zanzibar. As the government targets alleviation of poverty in the countryside in four-year. Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (ZSGRP) known as Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umasikini Zanzibar (MKUZA) in its Kiswahili acronym is the second generation of national development framework to implement Vision 2020.Item Financial management practices: Inefficiencies for self sustainable on donor funded water projects the case study of global water initiatives program phase I(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mapunda, Keneth NjakoFinancial management practices is the key role for self sustainability on donor funded water projects, and in Tanzania is the factor which undermine efforts for sustainability. Ability to pay to meet cost is the key essential issue in assuring sustainability. The main objective of the study is to assess the financial management practices specifically the inefficiencies in donor funded water projects to support self sustainable, which eventually will help water entities to achieve sustainability To archive expectation, case study approach was used as means of study. GWI phase one implementation area used as a focal point. Interviews and questioner were used to collect primary data, while secondary data were collected by reviewing butch of documents used in implementation as mean of validating of primary data. SPSS software was used to analyse data which helps to present in form of table and figures which are easy to understand. Issues such as integration between financial planning / monitoring and organization strategies, preparation and sharing of financial information, level of streamlining revenue and source of income were among of financial management related indicators which ware scrutinized. Among of major findings, evidence shows that 65% of executives do not produce financial report decision are based on knowledge and not on reports presented. Revenue collection was weak by 74.7%, slightly improved by the kind of technology deployed where deep well scheme is contributing positive by 65%. The report emphasises the need for pricing based on achieving full cost recovery. To share findings exhausted from this research the most policy implication advice is to look water problem from financial management best practice perspective. Let’s make people accountable on their act or omission which causes non functionality of the water sector, people mast pay based on the value of water. Currently water is not as free gift from god. Also let’s make people understand water entities the same as other business which are driven by surplus.Item Value Added Tax (VAT) compliance through use of Electronic Fiscal Device (EFD) in Tanzania : A case study of Musoma District in Mara(Mzumbe University, 2013) Gwimile, Shaibu RahibuThis study investigated about Value Added Tax (VAT) compliance through use of Electronic Fiscal Device (EFD) in Musoma District in Mara Tanzania. The study specifically examine the effect of EFD in filling, remittance and refund process to VAT collection, the effectiveness and efficiency of EFD in VAT collection, the trend of VAT compliance before and after use of EFD. A total of 40 respondents from TRA staff and VAT registered traders were used. The sample category involved 1 ARM - Audit, 1 ARM- Debt Management and Compliance Monitoring, 6 operational Staff obtained through purposive sampling and 32 VAT registered traders. The study employed case study research designs, while the research approach involved qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The data were gathered through closed ended questionnaires and semi structured interviews. Data were analysed through quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative data was analysed by using SPSS version sixteen, descriptive and inferential statistic such as mean, standard deviation and pie chart were also used to present data. Qualitative data was analysed by using thematic and content methods and presented by statements. However, the data collected from interview still reveal that the use of EFD continue to face the challenge like lack of accountability and poor compliance to rules and regulation, lack of culture of paying tax voluntarily, ignorance and negligence of the VAT registered traders to comply with VAT Act together with its regulations. Moreover, data from interviews depicted various strategies for effective use of EFD in VAT collection like corroboration with other international agencies, improving the quality of the paper used in the EFD machine, educating taxpayers on the advantages of using EFD machine to their business and tax purpose in general, enforcement measures, provide motivation and incentives to employees and improve employee‟s wages and working conditions. The study is recommended to the TRA, Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs and to the policy makers.Item Effectiveness of audit committees in achieving independence of internal audit: A case study of Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation (TPDC)(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mkwe, Thomas V.The role of the audit committee and the internal audit function in corporate governance has grown in recent years. In that context, the audit literature and practice has underlined the increasingly important role of support and interaction between the audit committee and the internal audit with the aim to improve the corporate governance quality. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of audit committee in achieving the independence of internal auditor. Data were collected by means of questionnaires and interviews addressed to chief internal auditor, auditors, TPDC staff and the audit committee also by means of documentary sources The results suggest that the expertise and frequency of meetings of the audit committee have a positive impact on audit committee interaction with internal audit, while the size of the audit committee affects negatively this interaction. However, audit committee independence has no effect on audit committee relation with the internal audit function.Item Influence of working capital management in organization performance: A case study of Zanzibar Social Security Fund (ZSSF)(Mzumbe University, 2013) Hamad, AkidaWorking capital management has lately been a hot topic since the financial crisis of the late 2000’C, Companies search for liquidity and operational efficiency through minimizing their investment in working capital. How can influence of working capital management affect organization performance? This has been studies in this thesis. Specifically, the study was set in order to meet three objectives, namely; to analyze trend of Net Working capital at Zanzibar Social Security Fund, to assess the efficient of Net Working capital at ZSSF and to examine the contribution of net working capital to organization performance at ZSSF. To achieve these objectives, the study used a sample of 50 respondents who were randomly selected. Data collected by use of questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentary reviews were computed and analyzed by using SPSS computer software and Excel program. Tables and figures were used to helps the presentation of the findings. The efficient of working capital management can be determined by the working capital components such as cash, account receivables, account payables, inventories and other receivables. By testing five independent variables with organization performance by reducing cash, inventory and efficiency management of other components. The main findings indicate that ZSSF consider working capital management an important issue, yet some challenges appeared on efficiency on the payment of monthly pensionable amount to its pensioners. It is evident that the respondents placed greater emphasis or importance on the analysis of trend of net working capital, assessing the efficient of net working capital and contribution of net working capital to organization performance. Some effort is made to manage cash, accounts receivable, inventory and accounts payable and other receivables independently of each other, however given the theory of working capital management; there may be room for improvement regarding the strategies, tactics and techniques used to manage these components. Furthermore, the findings suggest that working capital management is also strategic as it impacts on the liquidity, solvency/bankruptcy, efficiency, profitability and shareholder wealth maximization of the business. In light of the findings, it was recommended that ZSSF should improve the process of payments to its members and should ensure that benefits are paid timely and to the right person. Also, the comparative study of the research should be conducted in order to assess the influence of working capital management on the performance of various pension funds operated in Tanzania. As part of this study a further area for research should be empirical investigations into the impact of working capital on company performance specifically in the service sector industry, and here the case study approach could be considered.Item Determinants of interest rate spread in commercial banks: A case study of selected local and foreign banks in Tanzania(Mzumbe University, 2013) Aikoh, Kenedy JeremiahThe behavior of interest rate spread in Tanzania for a very long period of time have been strong, high and persistently showing little signs of narrowing. When compared with other East African countries, interest rate spread in Tanzania seems to be the highest. It is this persistent and low narrowing trend of the interest rate spread which gave rise to the need of studying the factors which causes high interest rate spread in commercial banks in Tanzania. The overall objective of this study was to identify the Determinant of interest rate spread in commercial banks in Tanzania and comparing the interest rate spread between the selected banks. The determinants were ascertained from review of previous literatures. Related parameters from the selected determinants were studied for the chosen banks for the period between 2006 and 2012, a period after adoption of market determined interest rate regime. The study based on the secondary data from 28 quarters of published quarterly reports of the selected commercial banks and Bank of Tanzania quarterly economic bulletin publications. Multiple regressions were applied to establish relationship between the dependent variable, interest rate spread and the chosen independent variables which were non-interest income, provision for loan losses, non-performing loans, non-interest expenses, gross domestic product rate, treasury bills rate and inflation. The results from the study indicate that the key determinants of interest rate spread for the selected commercial banks are the treasury bills rate, TBillrate; Real GDP rate, Non-interest income, NII; Provision for loan losses, PLL and Non-performing loans, NPL. The results also show that the interest rate spread for the selected local commercial bank is higher than that of the selected foreign commercial bank. The policy implication from the study is that the high responsiveness of commercial banks spread to the treasury bills and real GDP rate needs to be regulated. This study can be extended by exploring the impact of financial sector development on interest rate spreads in commercial banking system.Item Assessment of the effects of corporate governance codes on corruption in Tanzania’s public sectors(Mzumbe University, 2013) Bajwalah, Asha JumaThis study intended to assess the effects of corporate governance codes on corruption in Tanzania. Specifically it had three objectives; to assess whether corporate governance codes were adhered to in public sector, to assess the impact that corporate governance codes had on corruption eradication campaign in public sector and, finally, to identify key challenges faced by the public sector on corporate Governance codes. The study had a sample of 40 respondents that were selected on a convenient basis in the ten selected public institutions. Due to time and financial constraints the study involved public institutions in Morogoro region only. The study was descriptive in nature and survey-based. Hence it used interview, questionnaire method in the collection of primary data and observations and documentation in secondary data. Findings from the field of study revealed the following; first corporate governance codes were adhered to within the selected public institutions and, secondly, corporate governance codes of ethics had an impact on eradicating corruption practices. Moreover, corporate codes enabled the achievement of transparency in the public conduct of government officials, enhanced accountability and adherence to professional ethics by the public sector staff. The study also identified key challenges in making the codes of ethics practical and these included lack of financial resources to assess effectiveness of corporate governance codes of ethics and awareness creation campaigns, absence of employees commitment to avoid corruption due to employees’ own behaviors, inefficiencies in public offices operations for instance payment to suppliers of various resources, negative attitudes of staff built on the existing codes of ethics and, lastly, lack of awareness on the roles played by the codes of ethics. In conclusion, the study suggested that in order to combat corruption in Tanzania and to improve the state of good governance, a systematic approach has to be undertaken. This involves effecting major changes to the current corporate codes of ethics as well as emphasizing on the need for board of directors and high government officials to make sure they work in the best interest of all individuals rather than for their selfgainsItem The performance of internal audit in managing organization risk : A case study of Azania bank limited (Head Office)(Mzumbe University, 2013) Baltazari, UpendoThe purpose of this study was to examine the functions/roles of internal audit in assisting management in managing risk in organizations/institutions. Azania Bank Ltd was taken as a case study. The objectives of the study was to Identifying the functions and scope of internal audit in the company, Identifying the risks that Azania Bank Ltd face and how it affects their performance Identifying the role of internal audit in assisting management in managing risk at the Azania Bank Ltd and Examining strengths and weaknesses of internal audit in assisting management in managing risk in Azania Bank Ltd for provision of better services to the customers as a way of improving its performance. The study uses case study design and 50 was the sample and sampling technique includes stratified sampling in which respondents are arranged in groups, data collection tools include interviews, questionnaires, documentary review and physical observation The main findings of the study was Internal Audit Units in the selected areas lack autonomy mainly attributable to inadequate funding, involvement of Internal Auditors in non- audit work, inadequacy of staff training, Audit programs are prepared according to the set standards issued inadequate management support, internal audit staffs adhere to the ethical standards, Staff awareness of risk and management response to recommendations of the Internal Auditors report is very minimal. Researchers Recommend that Audit should be risk based audit, Identify risk before it occurs, Provision of risk education, Frequency inspection, Strong internal controls, Auditor’s independence and to increase number of staff.Item Economic viability of cotton cultivation in Magu District, Tanzania(Mzumbe University, 2013) Lupimo, BerenatusThe study on the economic viability of cotton cultivation in Magu district carried out in Magu district. The study will be significantly important to different stakeholders like the cotton farmers, the government, investors and researchers in making economic decisions. The study presented into five chapters the introduction, literature review, research methodology, presentation of the research findings, data analysis and discussion, and summary, conclusion and recommendations. The objectives of the study includes study and analyze cotton production per hectare in Magu District, To study and analyze the cotton production costs in Magu district, To assess cotton production revenue in Magu District, and To find out Challenges facing cotton growers in Magu district. The data on study variables like costs, price, area under cotton, yield in kg, and outputs were gathered from significant respondent’s number of the population. Questionnaires were distributed to 120 cotton farmers‟ respondents, 4 district agricultural employees, 2 cotton board employees and 4 employees representing cotton buyers from the union cooperatives institutions. The obtained data were processed and analyzed using percentages, ratios, trends and break even points for establishing whether cotton production is economic viable. The conclusion on the study were made objective wise. And that cotton production in Magu district face deep rooted challenges which includes cotton price volatility, buying agent cheating, lack of education among farmers, lack of reliable source of cotton seeds, Nonuse of modern agricultural implements due to lack of centralized facilities, and Lack of collateral for loan from financial institutions. The cotton production in Magu district is not economic viable. Cotton production involves both fixed and variable costs, of the fixed cost has constituted large share.Item Comparative analysis of profitability of thinned and unthinned commercial forest plantations with and without carbon revenues the case of plantations under green resources LTD and Saohil forest plantations in Mufindi District(Mzumbe University, 2013) Hosea EliaThis dissertation was to provide in depth comparative analysis of profitability of thinned and unthinned commercial forest plantation with and without carbon revenue. The study was conducted for Plantations under Green Resources Ltd and Sao Hill Forest Plantations in Mufindi District. The main objective of this study was to compare the profitability of thinned and unthinned commercial forest plantations with and without carbon sequestration. The study was conducted in two phases; the first phase was a time and work study on thinning operations. The second phase, involved enumeration of thinned and unthinned compartments. Systematic random sampling was used and the plots were distributed systematically throughout the planted area in order to achieve representation of different species, age classes and sites in the forest. The plots were geo referenced using a GPS. Plots were circular with an area of 0.04ha and a radius of 11.28 m. Data were collected by using direct observation, survey, enumeration methods and records of previous years. The study revealed that, there is significant difference on average stem diameter on thinned and unthinned forest plantation both for GRL and Sao hill forests. Furthermore the study revealed that, it is more profitable to invest in thinned forest plantations when combining sawn timber and carbon revenue. Moreover the study revealed that, the trees with ages between 11 to 14 years for Green Resources and Sao hill forest plantations attain high AEV with and without carbon revenue (CR). A plantation with CR has high AEV compared to a plantation without CR. Also between the ages of 11 - 14 years, the forest plantation attain the highest NPV/ha and AEV/ha before and after the last thinning at age 13. Our study tested different thinning methods and the results revealed that, thinning by using a chainsaw significantly reduced cost, time and increased productivity when operating on a large scale and when manpower is inadequate to cover all the operations in managing the forest. It is therefore recommended that, forest plantations owners thin all their forest plantations and forest plantations owners should ensure timely and proper silvicultural treatment in order to ensure high performance of the plantations. Furthermore, it is recommended that, for the sites like Idete that did not show a promising volume, thinning intensity should change and extend the rotation age from 20 to 25 to ensure better gain in ix volume and tree diameters. From supply chain matrix, it is recommended that, plantations should be thinned by using chainsaw as it significantly reduces cost, time and increases productivity when operating on a large scale and when manpower is inadequate to cover all the operations in managing the forest. Lastly, I recommend that, forest plantations should also engage in carbon business because it gives high AEV, Net Revenue and NPV compared to the plantations which are not engaged in carbon business.Item Socio-economic factors affecting smallholder sunflower production in Mvomero District, Morogoro Region(Mzumbe University, 2013) Tuntufye, GodfreySunflower is one of the new crops in Tanzania that has high contribution to farmers to food and income of farmers. It is one of the biggest sources of fats, protein, carbohydrates and vitamins for human consumption. The crop is also the source of human nutritious minerals, as well as other manufactured animal feeds. Despite the cited overall importance of the crop amongst smallholder farmers in the country, the factors determining its yield are less understood. The aim of this study was to investigate socio-economic factors affecting smallholder sunflower production. The study was conducted in Mlali ward in Mvomero District in Morogoro region. A total of 50 smallholder sunflower growers was surveyed using questionnaire. A multiple regression analysis was used to estimate and test the relationship between socio-economic factors and sunflower production. The results revealed that the sex of the farmer, size of the farm cultivated by the farmer and use of quality seeds were statistically significant factors affecting the production of the crop in the study area. It is concluded that smallholder sunflower farming sector has high contribution to meet the demand of edible oil, contribute to income of households and used as source of animal feed in the study area. In order to achieve all these, government initiative to provide farmers with adequate subsidies on agricultural inputs and increasing provision of extension officers to assist farmers on proper agronomic practices must be adhered to so as to address the declining farm production being experienced by smallholder farmers in Mlali ward.Item Service quality and customer satisfaction in transport service industry in Tanzania : A case of Dar Express Bus Company(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mushi, Onael WalterRoad passenger transport is now recognized as one of the most important means of facilitating movement of people and parcels in the country. Moreover, people are now depending much on road transport due to the poor condition of other inland transport systems notably railways. The important role played by this mode of transport is due to its flexibility, accessibility and affordability to most of the Tanzanian citizens. Under the ERP and IRP reforms, there has been a dominant role played by the private sector in providing passenger road transport services in the country. This was a major shift from past practices whereby government parastatals provided these services. Improvements in road infrastructure, deregulation of tariffs, removal of restrictions in the importation of motor vehicles and the elimination of entry barriers have provided an incentive for private sector involvement in the transport market. However, this has increased the level of competition to transport operators and hence reduced earnings. But on the other side of the coin, there arise a challenge among them to seek and improve other dimensions pertaining quality of the transport service they are providing in order to win the customers. The general objective of the study was to assess the influence of service quality on customer satisfaction in transport service industry in Tanzania focusing on passengers’ transport, taking the Dar Express Bus Service as a case study and methods used in collecting required information for the study were questionnaires, interview and observation. The data were analyzed using descriptive, correlation and regression analyses The findings indicates that passengers are satisfied with the transport services provided with Dar Express Bus Company Limited; Responsiveness, assurance and tangibles dimensions proved to have significant effect on passenger satisfaction. In other words these three dimensions were found to be good predictors of customer satisfaction. The way company handling passengers’ problems including how they give personal attention to them, Visual appealing facilities and willingness to help passengers are the areas that need to be improved. Moreover, the user – friendly printed materials such as timetables, posters and brochures, electronic media such as company website and email should be established.Item Assessing the effect of outsourcing of revenue collection on organizational performance: A case of Mpanda District Council(Mzumbe University, 2013) Muhula, Flavian MkomboziThis study aimed to assess the effect of outsourcing of revenue collection on organizational performance. Specific objectives of the study were; to identify sources of revenue which are being outsourced and whole process of outsourcing to identify the benefits of outsourcing revenue collection; identify the challenges accompanied by outsourcing and to assess the effect of outsourcing on organizational performance. Data were collected from 60 respondents who were selected using purposeful sampling and simple random sampling. The research utilized both primary and secondary data. Method of data collection were questionnaire, interview and documentary records. The findings of this study show that outsourcing has led to improve organizational performance through increased revenue collection and reduction in operating cost, although they have not attained the best performance. Findings of this research revealed that revenue sources which are outsourced to revenue collectors are; agricultural products, fishing products, livestock auction, hotel levy and market fees. It was futher revealed that some revenue collectors do not comply to terms and condition of the contract. Recommendations for Mpanda district council are, to collect more realistic information from wards and division, increase supervision to revenue collectors by visiting them reqularly and open a communication channel from top management to bottom with revenue collectors.Item Assessment of the factors that influence adoption of electronic banking in Tanzania: The case of NMB customers in Morogoro Municipality(Mzumbe University, 2013) Milanzi, Castro T.The purpose of this study was to assess Factors that influence the adoption of Electronic banking in Tanzania specifically at NMB Bank in Morogoro Municipality. Specifically the study sought to investigate the contribution of education to the adoption of e-banking, to examine the relationship between the income and adoption of e-banking, to assess the relationship between age and adoption of e-banking and to determine the influence of occupation on the adoption of e-banking. The study adopted case study design whereby a sample of 100 respondents was selected from customers and NMB Bank staff in Morogoro Municipality. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting the respondents. Data collection was through questionnaire and interview schedules. Data analysis was done by the use of Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) and Excel. Findings of the study indicated that education, income, demographic factors such as age, security, cost, perceived ease of use influenced the adoption of e-banking. The biggest challenges identified were network failure, technical difficulties during transactions among others. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that clearly reflect that customers perceive e-banking in terms of its usefulness, ease of use, trustworthiness, cost effectiveness, reliability, convenient, and accessibility. Electronic banking is seemingly becoming a matter of need and holds the key that will help the banking industry to formulate their marketing strategy as well as continue to compete in the globalized network and gain market competitive advantage in the 21st century. Based on the findings of the study it was strongly recommended that NMB Bank should make sure proper and reliable security is provided to protect e-banking customers, also NMB Bank should improve infrastructure, create a sense of awareness to the customers in order to encourage more customers to adopt e-banking.Item Impact of government spending on the development of government primary schools physical infrastructure: The case study of Morogoro Municipal council(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kiwia, Alvin FaustinThis study was set out to determine the impact of government spending on development of Government primary schools physical infrastructures. Specifically, the research was undertaken to find out the attitude of stakeholders towards Government spending in primary education, to determine the level of Government funding for physical infrastructure, to know how the funds for physical infrastructure are managed by a relevant authority and to determine the level of development of primary schools physical infrastructure in terms of quality and capacity. The study adopted case study design and cross-sectional data collected from 68 randomly selected respondents from 34 schools located in Morogoro Municipal Council to obtain relevant data for the survey. Data were collected through administered questionnaires and key informant interview. SPSS program was used for analysing quantitative data; whereby descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were carried out. The results of the study show that, to a certain extent there is a slightly positive impact of government spending in primary school physical infrastructure since respondents mentioned some achievements obtained from government fund. The actual amount of money reaching schools for capitation grants is clearly much less today compared to increase in enrolments of pupils. . In overall, the level of development of primary school physical infrastructures is not adequate enough; the numbers of classrooms, latrines and staff houses constructed in the surveyed schools are too small compared to the actual demands. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the budget be increased. The funding should also be based on actual requirements of schools. The full amount of capitation grants stipulated in the policy should reach schools in a predictable and timely manner. Governments and stakeholders in educational sector should seek for the improvement of physical structures and facilities by providing more essential ones and repairing the damaged ones through educational subsidies to aid teaching/learning in pre-schoolsItem Factors influencing smes’ challenges: A case of Mwanza city(Mzumbe University, 2013) Waryoba, Mazaba S.This study seeks to analyze the factors that influence the challenges of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) specifically in Mwanza city. Specific research objectives were; to assess the challenges encountered by SMEs in Mwanza city, to identify the causes of these challenges, and to propose remedial actions given the causes of these challenges. The study applied a case study design whereby Mwanza city was a case study and conducted in Mwanza. The population of the study was SMEs clients of Mwanza city. The study involved a sample of 40 respondents. The researcher used judgmental selection in a non-probability method. Data were collected from respondents by means of forty structured questionnaires (twenty for successful firms and twenty for unsuccessful firms) consisting of 20 questions. Twenty four of the questionnaires were returned of which fifteen were from successful firms and nine from unsuccessful firms. The sample was drawn from a list of all the SME owners in Mwanza city. Through an analysis of theoretical information and empirical results it is possible to establish how to facilitate more innovative and effective development that is much needed in developing countries, such as Tanzania. Findings of the study indicate that there is a problem of business failure in Mwanza city. Although business owners of successful and unsuccessful businesses recognize the support from the government, most unsuccessful business owners feel that the lack of proper governmental assistance is still one of the most critical factors that led to failure. Finally the major recommendation of the study highlights the issue that the government should come up with strategic measures (such as business incubators) that will prolong the survival of SMEs.