School of Business (SOB)

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Welcome to the School of Business (SoB) Community at Mzumbe University Institutional Repository. Explore a wealth of scholarly works, research publications, and intellectual contributions from the dynamic academic community within the School of Business. Our repository showcases a diverse range of research outputs, including articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, and more, reflecting the innovative and impactful research endeavors of our academic staff, researchers, and students. Discover cutting-edge insights in business administration, procurement and supply chain management, marketing , entrepreneurship, accounting and finance, and related disciplines. The SoB Community is committed to fostering knowledge dissemination, collaboration, and academic excellence. Whether you're a researcher, student, or enthusiast, delve into the wealth of knowledge generated by the School of Business community at Mzumbe University. Join us on a journey of exploration, discovery, and collaboration within the School of Business community's rich academic landscape. Stay informed, inspired, and connected through the diverse research contributions housed in our dedicated repository.

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Factors influencing management of procurement records in Tanzania: A survey of selected procuring entities
(Mzumbe University) Mohamed, B.M
Analysis of local dairy value chain for smallholder pastoralists in Simanjiro district, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 0201) Sumuni, Catholic
The study aimed at analysis of local dairy value chain for smallholder pastoralists. The first objective was to identify the structure of local diary value chain and key actors’ roles. This study found that, the local dairy value chain in Simanjiro consist five (5) distinct stages, namely; input supply, milk production, trading, processing and consumption. The main actors in the dairy value chain were input suppliers, milk producers, milk traders, milk processors and milk consumers. The second objective was to explore chain strategies developed by chain actors in market milking. Results showed that; actors’ chain-strategies developed were; contractual agreement between pastoralists and milk buyers, actors often attending trainings on milk marketing, and pastoralists’ collective actions whereby benefits are accrued by being member of milk marketing groups. Third objective was to identify business challenges facing local dairy value chain actors in the study area. Findings revealed that, challenges identified to exist were; Seasonal fluctuations in milk availability, Livestock diseases, lack/few market channels for milk and milk products, poor cold chain infrastructures, facility breakdowns, quality aspects and low capacity of existing processing units. The conclusions attained through findings discussion recommended the following; Sensitize value chain concept as an economic tool to develop milk and milk products value chain, Improving efforts of milk producers on milk production and livestock management, and improvement of existing small scale milk processing units.
Assessment of the determinants towards inventory control performance in public hospitals in Tanzania: A case of selected public hospitals in Dar es Salaam region
(Mzumbe University, 0201) Shadrack, Judith
This dissertation was about to analyze the determinants towards inventory control performance in public hospitals in Tanzania. The specific objectives were to examine medical stock storage systems for hospitals and their influence on inventory control performance, to assess the effect of staff competence on inventory control performance, and to establish the suppliers’ influence on performance of inventory control. The study was conducted in selected public hospitals located in Dar es Salaam region. From the population of 198 a sample of 99 respondents was obtained. The methods of data collection were questionnaire and interviews the selection techniques of the respondents were purposive sampling and simple random sampling. This study involved mixed strategies which were qualitative and quantitative analysis .From the study, it was observed that the engagement of medical stock storage system which influence inventory control performance were storage location, size of warehouse, warehouse layout. Due to analysis, the researcher found that medical storage systems have significantly influence on inventory control performance. However, the analysis showed that training for incoming employees and development for existing employees are important to any organization. The suppliers which brought about influence on inventory control were capability, and delivery influence. The analysis showed suppliers have insignificantly influence on inventory control performance. The recommendations are management should make sure that they have competent staff and develop them who are in-house so as to help in the running of the system. The public hospital and other organization should take an action to improve communication and information system to assist in monitoring of inventory especially between vendors and public hospitals. Also, Organizations should allow their employees to attend training provided by PSPTB so as to improves their staff professionalism and hence obtain value for money
Financial sustainability of rural microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Tanzania
(University of Greenwich (London), 2010) Nyamsogoro, G. Daniel
Abstract An enduring problem facing microfinance institutions is how to attain financial sustainability. Several studies have been conducted to determine the factors affecting financial sustainability of microfinance institutions using large and well developed MFIs in various countries. However, no such study has been conducted in rural Tanzania where majority of MFIs are small, most of which are member-based (cooperatives). Consequently, the factors affecting their financial sustainability are not known. This study, therefore, was set to bridge this knowledge gap. This study followed a quantitative research approach using panel data regression as the main data analysis technique. The study was based on four years primary and secondary data obtained from 98 sampled rural MFIs in Tanzania. We found that microfinance capital structure, interest rates charged, differences in lending type, cost per borrower, product type, MFI size, number of borrowers, yield on gross loan portfolio, level of portfolio at risk, liquidity level, staff productivity, and the operating efficiency affect the financial sustainability of rural microfinance institutions in Tanzania. The study makes the following key contributions to knowledge in addition to determining factors affecting financial sustainability of rural microfinance institutions in Tanzania: First, the study reveals that there exists simultaneous causality relationship between financial sustainability and breadth of outreach. When this relationship is not considered in determining factors affecting financial sustainability there may be inconsistent evidence on the existence of mission drift. Second, it unveils the trade-off between financial sustainability and breadth of outreach with regards to the minimum loan size when group lending is used. That is, larger loan size, while improves profitability, reduces the breadth of outreach. Third, the study provides empirical evidence that the impact of a particular lending type on microfinance institution‟s profitability will depend on the term to maturity and number of instalments reflected in its lending terms. Fourth, consistent with the institutionists‟ view, the study provides empirical evidence that financial sustainability of microfinance institutions improves their breadth of outreach. Lastly, the study documents the applicability and limitations of previous studies to rural microfinance institutions in Tanzania.
Trade credit in the Tanzanian rice market
(University of Groningen, SOM research school, 2010-10-14) Kihanga, Ernest P.
To access "abstract" for this Thesis use this link : https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/197b89a2-c17c-4d00-80c7-b2ebe4c0bb12 Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.
The Role of internal audit unit in safeguarding the public funds in local government authorities: The case of Sumbawanga Municipal council
(Mzumbe University, 2012) Mbasya, Ernest Baroma
The study aimed at looking on the role of Internal Audit Unit on Safeguarding Public Funds on Local Government Authorities ; the case of Sumbawanga Municipal Council. Safeguarding Public Funds on Local Government Authorities depends much the level of performance of the management and the IAU is supposed to check if the Management perform its duties according to the controls and guidelines, so the report of the IAU must reveal the level of performance of the management so if there is weaknesses we expect the IAU to be in the first line to reveal such weaknesses. Though there is IAU in SMC but still do not reveal the weak performance of the management of SMC. The objectives of the study were to identify the functions of the IAU in SMC so as to check why it does not reveal the weak performance of the management which causes the misuse of the public funds. The level of competence of the internal auditors was examined to see if they are competent to perform their work. The level of independence also was examined to check if they are independent in mind and appearance. The level of objectivity was examined to see if the internal auditors are free from conflict of interest in their normal works. Data for the study were collected by means of interviews and sample questionnaires in which a total of 90 respondents participated in the study. Research findings indicate that IAU has not done enough to safeguard Public funds in local governments because the section instead of ensuring that public funds are properly safeguarded , it ends-up with reports which do not reveal the misuse of the public funds so that many stakeholders recently decide to rely much on Safeguarding Public Funds like the CAG’s report. Based on these findings, it shows that the IAU in Sumbawanga Municipal Council failed to reveal the misuse of the public funds so as to make sure that the government officials accountable in various ways on safeguarding the public funds. Therefore, there is a need to check out the reporting channel of the IAU so as enable them to be more independent in their work for example the IAU have to report to the Internal Auditor General and not Municipal Director. There is a need also to provide on-job training so as to increase the level of competence and provision of proper guidelines and other support like adequate financial ability.
Impact of internal controls on execution of payroll system : A case study of Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs – Zanzibar (MoFEA)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Ahmada, Ridhwan I.
Many of the organizations’ activities are not attained due to poor or ineffective of internal controls system; with proper internal controls however guarantee the efficiency of a particular system (activities). Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the impact of internal controls on execution of payroll system to the Ministry of finance and economics affairs Zanzibar (MoFEA). The research methodology used case study research approach. A sample size of 60 respondents who comprised of MoFEA’s employees and other staffs working with the government of Zanzibar was involved. The methods of data collection involved both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected by using questionnaires and interview guide whereas documentary review was used in secondary method. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, and simple calculations by calculator were used to analyze the data where simple frequencies and percentages were created. The study findings observed that, internal controls were available on the payroll system of the organization; these were 78.3% of the respondents. Specifically 83.3% said that pay slips are issued, 65% segregation of duties is available, 95% block of salaries is exercised and 80% government payroll review is too exercised. Also the study revealed that some payroll activities were good enough for the efficiency of payroll system. In addition to that, it was found that there was compliance of internal controls in relation to the payroll system through punishments and having responsible parties to monitor the compliance. The study however portrayed that, almost 31.7% of the total respondents said that there were some weaknesses in relation to internal controls over payroll system. Following these results the researcher therefore calls for the Ministry to analyze and take the corrective measures with those weaknesses of internal controls over payroll system. The ministry also should pay salaries based on time (attendance) as this will discourage employees being absent from their work, independent check by the auditor and governments’ payroll review should be carried on in a scheduled manner. i.e. at a regular interval.
Assessment of factors limiting small and medium enterprises growth in Zanzibar : A case of Zanzibar West District
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Judama, Suleiman K.
The small and medium sized firms play very vital role in the development of any nation and no one country can complete its growth stages without small and medium sized enterprises. Hence, the focus of this thesis was the assessment of factors limiting SMEs growth in Zanzibar west district. The research model was focus on SMEs internal factors, government initiatives and financial support factors. There are numbers of factors hindering their growth; external factors such as, access to finance, tax and tariff, SMEs policy of Zanzibar and internal factors such as, Lack of experience in the business, Lack of a proper business plan, Poor managerial capability, Lack of proper record keeping i.e. accounting records, Inadequate education and training (capacity development), and Lack of professional advice. The research methodology used in data collection was survey study design in which questionnaires and interview guide as the main tools for the data collection were distributed across west district of Zanzibar. Simple random sampling was most used to obtain the required sample across the district. Both primary and secondary data type was used to obtain the required information. Primary data collected from the questionnaires were summarized, coded and a descriptive analysis of the data was conducted. Qualitative methods of data analysis were being used in analyzing the data collected. The methods used included descriptive analysis, frequencies and percentages to facilitate description of the characteristics of the sample. Findings of this study provide useful information for SMEs, financial institutions, and government of Zanzibar. The findings of the research have important implications for the SMEs, Government and Banking sector in Zanzibar. As the government targets alleviation of poverty in the countryside in four-year. Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (ZSGRP) known as Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umasikini Zanzibar (MKUZA) in its Kiswahili acronym is the second generation of national development framework to implement Vision 2020.
Assessment of factors limiting small and medium enterprises growth in Zanzibar : A case of Zanzibar West District
(Mzumbe University, 2013)
The small and medium sized firms play very vital role in the development of any nation and no one country can complete its growth stages without small and medium sized enterprises. Hence, the focus of this thesis was the assessment of factors limiting SMEs growth in Zanzibar west district. The research model was focus on SMEs internal factors, government initiatives and financial support factors. There are numbers of factors hindering their growth; external factors such as, access to finance, tax and tariff, SMEs policy of Zanzibar and internal factors such as, Lack of experience in the business, Lack of a proper business plan, Poor managerial capability, Lack of proper record keeping i.e. accounting records, Inadequate education and training (capacity development), and Lack of professional advice. The research methodology used in data collection was survey study design in which questionnaires and interview guide as the main tools for the data collection were distributed across west district of Zanzibar. Simple random sampling was most used to obtain the required sample across the district. Both primary and secondary data type was used to obtain the required information. Primary data collected from the questionnaires were summarized, coded and a descriptive analysis of the data was conducted. Qualitative methods of data analysis were being used in analyzing the data collected. The methods used included descriptive analysis, frequencies and percentages to facilitate description of the characteristics of the sample. Findings of this study provide useful information for SMEs, financial institutions, and government of Zanzibar. The findings of the research have important implications for the SMEs, Government and Banking sector in Zanzibar. As the government targets alleviation of poverty in the countryside in four-year. Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (ZSGRP) known as Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umasikini Zanzibar (MKUZA) in its Kiswahili acronym is the second generation of national development framework to implement Vision 2020.
Financial management practices: Inefficiencies for self sustainable on donor funded water projects the case study of global water initiatives program phase I
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mapunda, Keneth Njako
Financial management practices is the key role for self sustainability on donor funded water projects, and in Tanzania is the factor which undermine efforts for sustainability. Ability to pay to meet cost is the key essential issue in assuring sustainability. The main objective of the study is to assess the financial management practices specifically the inefficiencies in donor funded water projects to support self sustainable, which eventually will help water entities to achieve sustainability To archive expectation, case study approach was used as means of study. GWI phase one implementation area used as a focal point. Interviews and questioner were used to collect primary data, while secondary data were collected by reviewing butch of documents used in implementation as mean of validating of primary data. SPSS software was used to analyse data which helps to present in form of table and figures which are easy to understand. Issues such as integration between financial planning / monitoring and organization strategies, preparation and sharing of financial information, level of streamlining revenue and source of income were among of financial management related indicators which ware scrutinized. Among of major findings, evidence shows that 65% of executives do not produce financial report decision are based on knowledge and not on reports presented. Revenue collection was weak by 74.7%, slightly improved by the kind of technology deployed where deep well scheme is contributing positive by 65%. The report emphasises the need for pricing based on achieving full cost recovery. To share findings exhausted from this research the most policy implication advice is to look water problem from financial management best practice perspective. Let’s make people accountable on their act or omission which causes non functionality of the water sector, people mast pay based on the value of water. Currently water is not as free gift from god. Also let’s make people understand water entities the same as other business which are driven by surplus.
Effectiveness of audit committees in achieving independence of internal audit: A case study of Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation (TPDC)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mkwe, Thomas V.
The role of the audit committee and the internal audit function in corporate governance has grown in recent years. In that context, the audit literature and practice has underlined the increasingly important role of support and interaction between the audit committee and the internal audit with the aim to improve the corporate governance quality. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of audit committee in achieving the independence of internal auditor. Data were collected by means of questionnaires and interviews addressed to chief internal auditor, auditors, TPDC staff and the audit committee also by means of documentary sources The results suggest that the expertise and frequency of meetings of the audit committee have a positive impact on audit committee interaction with internal audit, while the size of the audit committee affects negatively this interaction. However, audit committee independence has no effect on audit committee relation with the internal audit function.
Influence of working capital management in organization performance: A case study of Zanzibar Social Security Fund (ZSSF)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Hamad, Akida
Working capital management has lately been a hot topic since the financial crisis of the late 2000’C, Companies search for liquidity and operational efficiency through minimizing their investment in working capital. How can influence of working capital management affect organization performance? This has been studies in this thesis. Specifically, the study was set in order to meet three objectives, namely; to analyze trend of Net Working capital at Zanzibar Social Security Fund, to assess the efficient of Net Working capital at ZSSF and to examine the contribution of net working capital to organization performance at ZSSF. To achieve these objectives, the study used a sample of 50 respondents who were randomly selected. Data collected by use of questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentary reviews were computed and analyzed by using SPSS computer software and Excel program. Tables and figures were used to helps the presentation of the findings. The efficient of working capital management can be determined by the working capital components such as cash, account receivables, account payables, inventories and other receivables. By testing five independent variables with organization performance by reducing cash, inventory and efficiency management of other components. The main findings indicate that ZSSF consider working capital management an important issue, yet some challenges appeared on efficiency on the payment of monthly pensionable amount to its pensioners. It is evident that the respondents placed greater emphasis or importance on the analysis of trend of net working capital, assessing the efficient of net working capital and contribution of net working capital to organization performance. Some effort is made to manage cash, accounts receivable, inventory and accounts payable and other receivables independently of each other, however given the theory of working capital management; there may be room for improvement regarding the strategies, tactics and techniques used to manage these components. Furthermore, the findings suggest that working capital management is also strategic as it impacts on the liquidity, solvency/bankruptcy, efficiency, profitability and shareholder wealth maximization of the business. In light of the findings, it was recommended that ZSSF should improve the process of payments to its members and should ensure that benefits are paid timely and to the right person. Also, the comparative study of the research should be conducted in order to assess the influence of working capital management on the performance of various pension funds operated in Tanzania. As part of this study a further area for research should be empirical investigations into the impact of working capital on company performance specifically in the service sector industry, and here the case study approach could be considered.
Determinants of interest rate spread in commercial banks: A case study of selected local and foreign banks in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Aikoh, Kenedy Jeremiah
The behavior of interest rate spread in Tanzania for a very long period of time have been strong, high and persistently showing little signs of narrowing. When compared with other East African countries, interest rate spread in Tanzania seems to be the highest. It is this persistent and low narrowing trend of the interest rate spread which gave rise to the need of studying the factors which causes high interest rate spread in commercial banks in Tanzania. The overall objective of this study was to identify the Determinant of interest rate spread in commercial banks in Tanzania and comparing the interest rate spread between the selected banks. The determinants were ascertained from review of previous literatures. Related parameters from the selected determinants were studied for the chosen banks for the period between 2006 and 2012, a period after adoption of market determined interest rate regime. The study based on the secondary data from 28 quarters of published quarterly reports of the selected commercial banks and Bank of Tanzania quarterly economic bulletin publications. Multiple regressions were applied to establish relationship between the dependent variable, interest rate spread and the chosen independent variables which were non-interest income, provision for loan losses, non-performing loans, non-interest expenses, gross domestic product rate, treasury bills rate and inflation. The results from the study indicate that the key determinants of interest rate spread for the selected commercial banks are the treasury bills rate, TBillrate; Real GDP rate, Non-interest income, NII; Provision for loan losses, PLL and Non-performing loans, NPL. The results also show that the interest rate spread for the selected local commercial bank is higher than that of the selected foreign commercial bank. The policy implication from the study is that the high responsiveness of commercial banks spread to the treasury bills and real GDP rate needs to be regulated. This study can be extended by exploring the impact of financial sector development on interest rate spreads in commercial banking system.
Assessment of the effects of corporate governance codes on corruption in Tanzania’s public sectors
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Bajwalah, Asha Juma
This study intended to assess the effects of corporate governance codes on corruption in Tanzania. Specifically it had three objectives; to assess whether corporate governance codes were adhered to in public sector, to assess the impact that corporate governance codes had on corruption eradication campaign in public sector and, finally, to identify key challenges faced by the public sector on corporate Governance codes. The study had a sample of 40 respondents that were selected on a convenient basis in the ten selected public institutions. Due to time and financial constraints the study involved public institutions in Morogoro region only. The study was descriptive in nature and survey-based. Hence it used interview, questionnaire method in the collection of primary data and observations and documentation in secondary data. Findings from the field of study revealed the following; first corporate governance codes were adhered to within the selected public institutions and, secondly, corporate governance codes of ethics had an impact on eradicating corruption practices. Moreover, corporate codes enabled the achievement of transparency in the public conduct of government officials, enhanced accountability and adherence to professional ethics by the public sector staff. The study also identified key challenges in making the codes of ethics practical and these included lack of financial resources to assess effectiveness of corporate governance codes of ethics and awareness creation campaigns, absence of employees commitment to avoid corruption due to employees’ own behaviors, inefficiencies in public offices operations for instance payment to suppliers of various resources, negative attitudes of staff built on the existing codes of ethics and, lastly, lack of awareness on the roles played by the codes of ethics. In conclusion, the study suggested that in order to combat corruption in Tanzania and to improve the state of good governance, a systematic approach has to be undertaken. This involves effecting major changes to the current corporate codes of ethics as well as emphasizing on the need for board of directors and high government officials to make sure they work in the best interest of all individuals rather than for their selfgains
The performance of internal audit in managing organization risk : A case study of Azania bank limited (Head Office)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Baltazari, Upendo
The purpose of this study was to examine the functions/roles of internal audit in assisting management in managing risk in organizations/institutions. Azania Bank Ltd was taken as a case study. The objectives of the study was to Identifying the functions and scope of internal audit in the company, Identifying the risks that Azania Bank Ltd face and how it affects their performance Identifying the role of internal audit in assisting management in managing risk at the Azania Bank Ltd and Examining strengths and weaknesses of internal audit in assisting management in managing risk in Azania Bank Ltd for provision of better services to the customers as a way of improving its performance. The study uses case study design and 50 was the sample and sampling technique includes stratified sampling in which respondents are arranged in groups, data collection tools include interviews, questionnaires, documentary review and physical observation The main findings of the study was Internal Audit Units in the selected areas lack autonomy mainly attributable to inadequate funding, involvement of Internal Auditors in non- audit work, inadequacy of staff training, Audit programs are prepared according to the set standards issued inadequate management support, internal audit staffs adhere to the ethical standards, Staff awareness of risk and management response to recommendations of the Internal Auditors report is very minimal. Researchers Recommend that Audit should be risk based audit, Identify risk before it occurs, Provision of risk education, Frequency inspection, Strong internal controls, Auditor’s independence and to increase number of staff.
Economic viability of cotton cultivation in Magu District, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Lupimo, Berenatus
The study on the economic viability of cotton cultivation in Magu district carried out in Magu district. The study will be significantly important to different stakeholders like the cotton farmers, the government, investors and researchers in making economic decisions. The study presented into five chapters the introduction, literature review, research methodology, presentation of the research findings, data analysis and discussion, and summary, conclusion and recommendations. The objectives of the study includes study and analyze cotton production per hectare in Magu District, To study and analyze the cotton production costs in Magu district, To assess cotton production revenue in Magu District, and To find out Challenges facing cotton growers in Magu district. The data on study variables like costs, price, area under cotton, yield in kg, and outputs were gathered from significant respondent’s number of the population. Questionnaires were distributed to 120 cotton farmers‟ respondents, 4 district agricultural employees, 2 cotton board employees and 4 employees representing cotton buyers from the union cooperatives institutions. The obtained data were processed and analyzed using percentages, ratios, trends and break even points for establishing whether cotton production is economic viable. The conclusion on the study were made objective wise. And that cotton production in Magu district face deep rooted challenges which includes cotton price volatility, buying agent cheating, lack of education among farmers, lack of reliable source of cotton seeds, Nonuse of modern agricultural implements due to lack of centralized facilities, and Lack of collateral for loan from financial institutions. The cotton production in Magu district is not economic viable. Cotton production involves both fixed and variable costs, of the fixed cost has constituted large share.
Impact of government spending on the development of government primary schools physical infrastructure: The case study of Morogoro Municipal council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kiwia, Alvin Faustin
This study was set out to determine the impact of government spending on development of Government primary schools physical infrastructures. Specifically, the research was undertaken to find out the attitude of stakeholders towards Government spending in primary education, to determine the level of Government funding for physical infrastructure, to know how the funds for physical infrastructure are managed by a relevant authority and to determine the level of development of primary schools physical infrastructure in terms of quality and capacity. The study adopted case study design and cross-sectional data collected from 68 randomly selected respondents from 34 schools located in Morogoro Municipal Council to obtain relevant data for the survey. Data were collected through administered questionnaires and key informant interview. SPSS program was used for analysing quantitative data; whereby descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were carried out. The results of the study show that, to a certain extent there is a slightly positive impact of government spending in primary school physical infrastructure since respondents mentioned some achievements obtained from government fund. The actual amount of money reaching schools for capitation grants is clearly much less today compared to increase in enrolments of pupils. . In overall, the level of development of primary school physical infrastructures is not adequate enough; the numbers of classrooms, latrines and staff houses constructed in the surveyed schools are too small compared to the actual demands. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the budget be increased. The funding should also be based on actual requirements of schools. The full amount of capitation grants stipulated in the policy should reach schools in a predictable and timely manner. Governments and stakeholders in educational sector should seek for the improvement of physical structures and facilities by providing more essential ones and repairing the damaged ones through educational subsidies to aid teaching/learning in pre-schools
Factors influencing smes’ challenges: A case of Mwanza city
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Waryoba, Mazaba S.
This study seeks to analyze the factors that influence the challenges of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) specifically in Mwanza city. Specific research objectives were; to assess the challenges encountered by SMEs in Mwanza city, to identify the causes of these challenges, and to propose remedial actions given the causes of these challenges. The study applied a case study design whereby Mwanza city was a case study and conducted in Mwanza. The population of the study was SMEs clients of Mwanza city. The study involved a sample of 40 respondents. The researcher used judgmental selection in a non-probability method. Data were collected from respondents by means of forty structured questionnaires (twenty for successful firms and twenty for unsuccessful firms) consisting of 20 questions. Twenty four of the questionnaires were returned of which fifteen were from successful firms and nine from unsuccessful firms. The sample was drawn from a list of all the SME owners in Mwanza city. Through an analysis of theoretical information and empirical results it is possible to establish how to facilitate more innovative and effective development that is much needed in developing countries, such as Tanzania. Findings of the study indicate that there is a problem of business failure in Mwanza city. Although business owners of successful and unsuccessful businesses recognize the support from the government, most unsuccessful business owners feel that the lack of proper governmental assistance is still one of the most critical factors that led to failure. Finally the major recommendation of the study highlights the issue that the government should come up with strategic measures (such as business incubators) that will prolong the survival of SMEs.
Community participation in Tasaf funded sub- projects: A case of Babati town council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mselle, Lazaro
The study on community participation in TASAF funded sub- projects was conducted at Babati town council whereby 44 respondents participated. The general objective of the study was to assess the extent of community participation in implementation of TASAF funded sub projects and specific objectives were:- to determine approaches used by the council to involve the community in undertaking development projects, to establish the contributions of the community in the development projects, to determine the factors making the community not to be active in development projects, to identify accountability of funds collected from the community for development projects and to examine the initiatives of town council in improving community participation in the construction of secondary school teachers houses in TASAF funded sub projects. Two villages were selected namely, Kiongozi and Halla. Primary data were obtained through interviews and focus group discussion during the field survey and secondary data were collected from TASAF documents and reports, guidelines, memorandum of understanding, operational manual, journals and books. The study found that the council uses participatory approaches in involving the community. However, the community does not participate effectively as it was expected. It was further found that the community contributes less in development projects. Moreover, it was found that poverty, lack of sensitization, lack of transparency, corruption, fraud and ignorance make the community not to be active in development projects. The study concludes poor community participation was mainly due to low income, several projects being implemented at once, lack of transparency, economic hardship and poor leadership. The study recommends that local authority should effectively involve the community in all planning process. Furthermore, the study recommends that the community should elect leaders who are transparent and committed.
Financial management practices: Inefficiencies for self sustainable on donor funded water projects the case study of Global Water Initiatives Program phase I
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mapunda, Keneth Njako
Financial management practices is the key role for self-sustainability on donor funded water projects, and in Tanzania is the factor which undermine efforts for sustainability. Ability to pay to meet cost is the key essential issue in assuring sustainability. The main objective of the study is to assess the financial management practices specifically the inefficiencies in donor funded water projects to support self sustainable, which eventually will help water entities to achieve sustainability To archive expectation, case study approach was used as means of study. GWI phase one implementation area used as a focal point. Interviews and questioner were used to collect primary data, while secondary data were collected by reviewing butch of documents used in implementation as mean of validating of primary data. SPSS software was used to analyse data which helps to present in form of table and figures which are easy to understand. Issues such as integration between financial planning / monitoring and organization strategies, preparation and sharing of financial information, level of streamlining revenue and source of income were among of financial management related indicators which ware scrutinized. Among of major findings, evidence shows that 65% of executives do not produce financial report decision are based on knowledge and not on reports presented. Revenue collection was weak by 74.7%, slightly improved by the kind of technology deployed where deep well scheme is contributing positive by 65%. The report emphasises the need for pricing based on achieving full cost recovery. To share findings exhausted from this research the most policy implication advice is to look water problem from financial management best practice perspective. Let’s make people accountable on their act or omission which causes non functionality of the water sector, people mast pay based on the value of water. Currently water is not as free gift from god. Also, let’s make people understand water entities the same as other business which are driven by surplus.

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