Business Administration

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Impact of government spending on the development of government primary schools physical infrastructure: The case study of Morogoro Municipal council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kiwia, Alvin Faustin
This study was set out to determine the impact of government spending on development of Government primary schools physical infrastructures. Specifically, the research was undertaken to find out the attitude of stakeholders towards Government spending in primary education, to determine the level of Government funding for physical infrastructure, to know how the funds for physical infrastructure are managed by a relevant authority and to determine the level of development of primary schools physical infrastructure in terms of quality and capacity. The study adopted case study design and cross-sectional data collected from 68 randomly selected respondents from 34 schools located in Morogoro Municipal Council to obtain relevant data for the survey. Data were collected through administered questionnaires and key informant interview. SPSS program was used for analysing quantitative data; whereby descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were carried out. The results of the study show that, to a certain extent there is a slightly positive impact of government spending in primary school physical infrastructure since respondents mentioned some achievements obtained from government fund. The actual amount of money reaching schools for capitation grants is clearly much less today compared to increase in enrolments of pupils. . In overall, the level of development of primary school physical infrastructures is not adequate enough; the numbers of classrooms, latrines and staff houses constructed in the surveyed schools are too small compared to the actual demands. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the budget be increased. The funding should also be based on actual requirements of schools. The full amount of capitation grants stipulated in the policy should reach schools in a predictable and timely manner. Governments and stakeholders in educational sector should seek for the improvement of physical structures and facilities by providing more essential ones and repairing the damaged ones through educational subsidies to aid teaching/learning in pre-schools
Factors influencing smes’ challenges: A case of Mwanza city
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Waryoba, Mazaba S.
This study seeks to analyze the factors that influence the challenges of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) specifically in Mwanza city. Specific research objectives were; to assess the challenges encountered by SMEs in Mwanza city, to identify the causes of these challenges, and to propose remedial actions given the causes of these challenges. The study applied a case study design whereby Mwanza city was a case study and conducted in Mwanza. The population of the study was SMEs clients of Mwanza city. The study involved a sample of 40 respondents. The researcher used judgmental selection in a non-probability method. Data were collected from respondents by means of forty structured questionnaires (twenty for successful firms and twenty for unsuccessful firms) consisting of 20 questions. Twenty four of the questionnaires were returned of which fifteen were from successful firms and nine from unsuccessful firms. The sample was drawn from a list of all the SME owners in Mwanza city. Through an analysis of theoretical information and empirical results it is possible to establish how to facilitate more innovative and effective development that is much needed in developing countries, such as Tanzania. Findings of the study indicate that there is a problem of business failure in Mwanza city. Although business owners of successful and unsuccessful businesses recognize the support from the government, most unsuccessful business owners feel that the lack of proper governmental assistance is still one of the most critical factors that led to failure. Finally the major recommendation of the study highlights the issue that the government should come up with strategic measures (such as business incubators) that will prolong the survival of SMEs.
Community participation in Tasaf funded sub- projects: A case of Babati town council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mselle, Lazaro
The study on community participation in TASAF funded sub- projects was conducted at Babati town council whereby 44 respondents participated. The general objective of the study was to assess the extent of community participation in implementation of TASAF funded sub projects and specific objectives were:- to determine approaches used by the council to involve the community in undertaking development projects, to establish the contributions of the community in the development projects, to determine the factors making the community not to be active in development projects, to identify accountability of funds collected from the community for development projects and to examine the initiatives of town council in improving community participation in the construction of secondary school teachers houses in TASAF funded sub projects. Two villages were selected namely, Kiongozi and Halla. Primary data were obtained through interviews and focus group discussion during the field survey and secondary data were collected from TASAF documents and reports, guidelines, memorandum of understanding, operational manual, journals and books. The study found that the council uses participatory approaches in involving the community. However, the community does not participate effectively as it was expected. It was further found that the community contributes less in development projects. Moreover, it was found that poverty, lack of sensitization, lack of transparency, corruption, fraud and ignorance make the community not to be active in development projects. The study concludes poor community participation was mainly due to low income, several projects being implemented at once, lack of transparency, economic hardship and poor leadership. The study recommends that local authority should effectively involve the community in all planning process. Furthermore, the study recommends that the community should elect leaders who are transparent and committed.
Assessment of village savings and loans associations on household income at Southern Unguja
(Mzumbe, 2013) Shauri, Khamis A.
This study was interested on income poverty analysis to the community of southern Unguja in which majority of the household members were engaged on Village Savings and Credits Associations groups (VSLA). The primary objective of the study was an assessment of Village Savings and Loans Associations on Household Income at Southern Unguja. Total sample of 217 head of household who are joined with VSLA were selected. The study has provided two conceptual frame, namely total household income and determinants of VSLA’ income. All technical techniques of sample size and determination were carried out. Two hypotheses were formulated; the result of the first hypothesis shown that income from VSLA, livestock, business and casual labour was economically significance at 1 and 5 per cent level. The result of the second hypothesis was very interesting in which the demographic variables had no impact to the VSLA income, the variable size of member who joined with the group and amount of household saving had shown to have impact at 1 per cent significance level. The Gini index shown the society of southern unguja has relative equality
Factors influencing procurement procedure inTanzania prisons service
(2013) Lidenge, Amina Juma
The main objective of the study was to find out factors that are influencing Procurement Procedures in Tanzania Prisons Service. the study were guided by four specific objective, To examine selection procedures used by TPS when selecting Suppliers, to examine how contracts are being given to suppliers by TPS, to determine the receiving procedures use by TPS when procuring goods and services and to analyse ethical conducts followed by the TPS in procuring goods and services. Literature suggests that procurement efficiency and procurement effectiveness of the purchasing function are measures of procurement performance. A case study was developed and administered to a TPS with a view to establish the factors that influence procurement procedures. Both methods, qualitative and quantitative analysis were used in data analysis. Research findings were obtained by using the following methods; Documentations, Interview, observation and questionnaires. The presentation of data has been illustrated in terms of tables, figures, charts, percentages and frequencies. The presentation of the Research findings was carried out according to each research question by pinpointing different issues which support or ignore each research question. The study constituted 50 respondents who responded on questionnaires and interview. The study further revealed that lack of transparency and accountability affects procurement process at TPS to a great extent. This has been much affected right from the process of effective tendering through advertising, sourcing reviews, prequalification, potential for cost savings and greater awareness of new development. Furthermore the findings also revealed that for TPS to provide excellent service to their suppliers in an effective and transparent manner is also still inadequate. Adequate controls should be put in place reducing opportunities for corruption. Performance incentives need to be offered to employees to reward good performance. This will help to increase accountability. The researcher really hopes that output of this study shall be of practical use to Tanzania prisons services.
Enhancing income tax collection in SMEs customers perspective: A case of Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA), Kinondoni
(Mzumbe university, 2013) Malima, Agness
This study intended to find how the attitude of tax clients of taxation system can be enhanced. Generally, the study aimed to evaluate factors promoting income tax collection from SMEs. The following were specific objectives: To determine the extent to which income tax voluntarily comply with income tax regulations in Tanzania, to determine the effectiveness of block system administrative approach in influencing SMEs Compliance, and identify factors mostly influencing the perception of SMEs on voluntary tax returns. The literature of the study lead to the formulation of the following theories: Clients’ Tax education status does not determines the rate of voluntary compliance by tax payers, the rate of client’s visitation by tax officers does not relate to client’s tax compliance status, Client’s experience on business has no influence to voluntary tax compliance. The study used mixed research methods to test the hypotheses in meeting stated objectives. Data were collected through survey questionnaire, interview and the review of documents. The information was based on TRA Kinondoni tax region. Data were analysed through the use of SPSS Version 20. The results of the study observed the following facts:- 1) the majority of customers were not registered to TRA 2) Both registered and unregisterd clients have low awareness of tax laws. 3) There is a weak block system administration 4) The integrity of TRA staff significantly affects the compliance of clients with income tax return regulations.
The role of internal auditing on effective use of financial resources in government agencies: The case study of Morogoro urban water supply and sewerage authority (MORUWASA)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) James, Martha
This study was mainly aimed to find out the role of internal auditing on the effective use of financial resources in government agencies in Tanzania; the case of Morogoro Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (MORUWASA), Morogoro Region. In such, the general objectives of the study was; to study the role of internal auditing on the effective use of financial resources in government agencies, and the specific objectives were; to establish the objective of having financial resources in local government agencies, to determine the effectiveness of internal auditing on improving the use of financial resources at MORUWASA, to find out problems encountered by the internal audit department in ensuring effective use of financial resources in MORUWASA, and to furnish recommendations for improvement in effective use of financial resources in MORUWASA. The study used a methodology, which encompassed; interview and questionnaire as methods for gathering data from the sample size of forty respondents. Likewise, findings were presented using figures (like; graphs, pie charts) and tables both illustrated by percentage rates. Based on the findings, this study concluded that internal auditing plays a significant role on the effective use of financial resources in government agencies. For, since internal audit came into effect, all blunders relating to financial misuse were mitigated. The study had also concluded that, the objective of having financial resources in Government Agency included; having the purchasing power and capability of meeting various expenses including; salaries, and many others. The study further concluded that, there was an effectiveness of internal auditing in improving the use of financial resources at MORUWASA, because, with the presence of internal audit, all procedures in meeting any expenses and in utilising any company’s resources could be followed. The study further concluded that, specific problems encountered by the internal audit department in ensuring effective use of financial resources included lack of consistency, lack of co-operation from peers, and many others. The study had recommended public servants to behave patriotically in their works. And employers would improve various motivational aspect as the way to mitigate the said problem. Other studies were recommended to touch either similar or different knowledge area so that they come out with facts which illustrate, or even extend these ones.
Scrutinization and assessment of loan portfolio diversification in financial institutions in Tanzania: The case of national microfinance bank (NMB)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Suline, Gastory Vincent
The researcher was dealing with investigation and assessment the extent of loan portfolio diversification in financial Institutions in Tanzania concentrated in National Microfinance Bank (NMB). The study used Hirschman Herfindahl index methods of diversification in bank portfolios. The data collected in NMB banks in Arusha Region in the period of three years from 2010-2012. The source of data included various documents which are internal records of this bank, such as credit review reports, loan concentration for the bank, sample of loan product offered, and annual report obtained from credit department. Data were collected from questionnaire which was sent to bank officers and data analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques. More diversified banks tend to have a lower magnitude value of Hirschman Herfindal Index (HHI) than less diversified banks which implies the higher portfolio diversification for small magnitude values of HHI and lower portfolio diversification for the higher magnitude values of HHI. Diversification indeed lead to increase performance and therefore great safety on the part of the Bank as traditional portfolio and Banking theory, this study investigate the extent portfolio diversification in the aspect of Bank profitability and their portfolio diversification across different industries broader economic sectors and geographical region, the study revealed that the impact of diversification strongly depend on the risk level, good strategies and credit policy and management of risk.
Factors influencing customer satisfaction in bonded warehouse operations: A survey of bonded warehouses – Zanzibar.
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kassim, Kassim H.
Improvement of customer satisfaction level is one of the targets intended to be achieved by Tanzania Revenue Authority in bonded warehouse operations. TRA undertook various initiatives in order to attain the intended target. However, the study conducted by Tetralink Taylor & Associate Tanzania Ltd (2011) revealed that the level of customer satisfaction in bonded warehouse was only 27%, this is an indication that the level of customer satisfaction in bonded warehouse operations is lower and it need improvement. In view of that, the main objective of this study was to asses factors influencing customer satisfaction in bonded warehouse operations where a survey conducted in Zanzibar. Specifically, the study intended to determine the service standards/guidelines to be meet by employees in bonded warehouse operations, the extent of which employees in bonded warehouse adhere to the standards/guideline set, the quality of services offered by employees in bonded warehouse operations, the extent of which are customers satisfied with the quality of services offered in bonded warehouse operations, and drivers influencing customer satisfaction in bonded warehouse operations. The study has adopted descriptive research design; likewise, the study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches whereby a cross sectional survey method was used. This was achieved through a self-administered questionnaire in obtaining information. Data was collected from sampled clearing and forwarding agents, bond operators, and TRA employees in bonded warehouse. The findings of the study revealed that the most important drivers of customer satisfaction in bonded warehouse operations in Zanzibar are service quality, employee’s behaviours, system network availability, efficient time release system, and customer care. In order to capitalize on the identified drivers/factors to improve customer satisfaction level, TRA-Zanzibar needs to address problem areas associated with the identified drivers/factors.
Factors contributing to unprofitable yield of coffee in the daughters of Mary Ngorongoro farm in Karatu district
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Magha, Margaretha
Coffee production yield is an area of study that can be studied from different angles. The issue in this study was to study the practice Factors contributing to unprofitability yield of coffee production in Daughters of Mary at Ngorongoro farm as a case study. The objectives of the study were to determine availability of management system in Ngorogoro farm, determine the human resource capability, to examine whether climate was reasonable for coffee production, to identify the types of tools used in farming and processing and also to identify the availability of coffee market. Data were collected through questionnaires and documentary review. Though data analysis was done manually, the collected data were sorted, processed and tabulated before analysis. The research findings revealed that, the farm does not have a stable management system in running coffee production. Many personnel working in different departments of coffee production and processing were insufficient in number and were incompetent. The people around the farm who are engaged as workers of the farm were mostly primary school leavers without any training regarding coffee production. They thus rely mostly on working experience. The study also revealed that the stools used in agriculture and processing are not sufficient. Processing machines are manually operated and uses old technology. Inappropriate tools used cause high cost of production and thus low profit. The price of coffee depend on quality coffee product. This implies that good quality gets high price and low quality gets low price. Moreover, the study revealed that, the market of coffee is readily available around the world. The study recommends that, the farm must form a sustainable management system with competent personnel. This can be done through training of staff in different departments in order to step up coffee production. It is further recommended that this is the time of using modern technology and tools in coffee production to maintain quality and increase the quantity of coffee in international market.
Factors contributing to low cost sharing collections in health services in municipal councils in Tanzania: The case of Kinondoni municipal council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mutale, Rose P.
The study investigated factors causing low revenue collection from health service cost sharing in municipal councils in Tanzania. Kinondoni Municipal Council in Dar es Salaam was taken as the case study. The study population involved patients from different health service provision points which are operated by Kinondoni Municipal council. The health service provision points include hospitals, health centre and dispensaries. The locus population for this study was Mwananyamala and Sinza hospitals, Magomeni heatlth centre and Kimara and Mbezi dispensaries. The study sample constituted 141 patients which were obtained through purposive and convenience sampling design. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews and observation. Secondary data was collected using documentary sources. The study findings reveals that common factors for low revenue collections through cost sharing are: lack of adequate sensitization of people on the importance of cost sharing in health service provision, fraud done by council employees and recruitment of personnel to carry out the task of revenue collections who are not professional accountants. Other factors include low income among citizens, poor control systems within the council and the act of employees entrusted with running of the programme to waive cost sharing charges for some people who are not eligible for the same. The study concluded that the perceptions of patients towards cost – sharing is positive, it is further concluded that various factors contribute towards low collections of revenue through cost sharing. The study recommends that deliberate efforts be taken to rectify the situation by setting aside adequate resources for sensitization campaign progrmmes, recruiting the right personnel to carry out the collection task, improve control systems to curb fraud, abstain waives. Should the above recommendation be taken on board, revenue collections from health service provision cost sharing will increase.
Factors determining the growth of savings and credit co-peratives in Tanzania: The case study of SACCOS operating in Morogoro urban district, Morogoro, region Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kibasa, Emma M.
The purpose of the study was to identify factors determining the growth of Savings and Credit Co-operatives (SACCOs) in Tanzania. The main objective of the study was to identify the factors determining the growth of SACCOs in Tanzania. Specific objectives were: to appraise the influence of savings culture commonly used by SACCOs, to map the effects of economic activities to SACCOs members on the growth of their co-operatives, to determine the contribution of management experience on development of SACCOs and asses the role of actual credibility offered by Financial Institutions to members on growth of their co-operatives. The study used purposive sampling techniques in choosing a sample of 60 respondents. Data were analyzed by computer software “SPSS” whereby, quantitative information was obtained by a way of tabulations and rankings polished by the use of frequencies and percentages whereas frequency tables and pie charts used to present qualitative part of the study results. Results show that: Saving culture among SACCOs‟ members prosper growth of their co-operatives – in the sense that many shares are created and hence liquidity. Economic activities also play a great role as it enables members to return both principal and interest of the loaned amount on time. Furthermore, managements experience cited as a vital factor contributing the growth of SACCOs. The findings show most members of the SACCOs are lacking knowledge on co-operatives, thus study recommends that both knowledgeable SACCOs‟ members and Financial Institutions increase their active participation in providing education to other member of SACCOS amid credit provision and investment opportunities, to find the way which can motivate members on saving culture, like to increase interest on saving and charge reasonable amount of interest on loans so that in turn, co-operatives flourish and survive for longer than ever.
The factors for budget malpractice among local government authorities in Tanzania: The case of Morogoro Municipal council, Morogoro region, Tanzania.
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Issaay, Rehema L.
Specific efforts to bring up changes that will lead LGAs, towards effective budget practice are, however, the most actual core demand from all of their day-to-day operations. By so doing, notably, the solution will be concrete. In such, this study was mainly aiming at identifying factors for budget malpractice in Local Government Authorities (LGAs) in Tanzania; the case of Morogoro Municipal Council (MMC), in Morogoro region, Tanzania. The methodology employed, had agglomerated a series of methods including; documentary review in gathering secondary data from various sources, while questionnaire and interview were used as specific instruments for gathering primary data from the field (sample size) of 80 respondents. Likewise, tables and figures, both illustrated by percentage, were specifically employed as instruments for presenting data, upon which further analytical/discussion steps were performed, from which; conclusion, and recommendations were drawn upon. Recognizably, specific objectives of the study were; to determine the consequence of fund misallocation on budget practice, to examine whether there is a tendency of lust for misappropriating budget allocated resources among public servants that cause budget malpractice at MMC, to determine whether there is low budget supervision that leads to budget malpractice, and to suggest ways to be adopted by LGAs in effectively using budgets. Based on the findings, the study concluded that factors responsible for the actually ravaging problem of budget malpractice amongst LGAs in Tanzania were; misallocation of budgeted resources especially fund, tendency to misappropriate budget allocated funds by certain public servants, purchasing of non-budgeted items, inappropriate procurement procedure, corruption tendency, theft tendency, and so many others, excluding budget supervision. Based on these findings, particular suggestions were eventually drawn that, if and only if LGAs are to mitigate the problem of budget malpractice, certain ways would necessarily be adopted by them. In fact, theses had included issues like; improve budget supervisions, increase inventory management, increase financial controls, That is to say; much effort and zeal would be placed on internal audit so that budget are appropriately managed and latter on well-practiced as well. Meanwhile, the study had recommended that, public servant would get rid of behaviours relating to safeguarding their personal interests and consequently result into fund misappropriating – the situation, which must always cause budget malpractice to occur most frequently.
Impact of tax exemption and tax relief for foreign investors towards government revenue: A case of Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Makere, Noel
The purpose of this study has been to find out the impact of tax exemption and tax relief for foreign investors towards government revenue, having intent to look for better solutions to raising government revenue. The study relied heavily on the practitioners and documents to collect necessary information regarding tax relief and exemption from the stakeholders, TRA being the major target area of study. It looked at positive and negative sides of the issues. The study employed a case approach where TRA was the major area of study. It involved such department as Customs and Excise, Finance and Administration/Management. Both primary and secondary data were collected. The results were presented using frequency distribution tables and graphs using such programs as excel and the sort. The results from the analysis revealed that the prevalent tax exemption and tax relief situation does not on its own attract foreign investments into Tanzania. Moreover, exemption and relief on tax does not contribute to the improved revenue collection, rather, they deter and get the country into unnecessary losses of revenue and resources as disadvantages have outweighed the advantages of the said exemption and relief. However, if well implemented, tax relief and exemption may be a drive for investment and may lead to increased revenue. It was concluded that there are yet lessons to be learned out of the study current tax policies on exemption and relief, that they do not work for the benefit of the citizens of Tanzania, as they are not based on a win-win situation, rather they favour foreigners leaving the country dependent of aids. It has been recommended that tax administrators and managers put their hands together to review the current tax regime, especially on exemption and relief so that revenue collection is enhanced.
Evaluation of the determinants of efficiency in operation of microfinance institutions in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Thadeo, Yuda
Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) worldwide strive to attain financial sustainability while at the same time being obliged to provide financial services to the poor at reasonable costs thus raised a need for MFIs to operate as efficient as possible so as to attain both goals. Efficiency in operation of microfinance institutions has gained ground among microfinance scholars, practitioners and stakeholders because its significance in assisting MFIs to achieve their main objective of poverty alleviation. The main purpose of conducting this study therefore, was to evaluate the determinants of efficiency in operation of MFIs in Tanzania. The methodology employed in this study involved the use an Analytical Research design where a Quantitative approach of data analysis was conducted using a Fixed Effect panel regression model for the six years‟ panel data of 19 MFIs in Tanzania. The results obtained from the econometric analysis of data indicated that the variables gross loan portfolio, capital-to-asset ratio, cost per borrows, and personnel expenses ratio were statistically significant at 1% and 5% significant level. It was concluded that the gross loan portfolio, capital-to-asset ratio, cost per borrows, and personnel expenses ratio were the determinants of efficiency in operation of MFIs in Tanzania. And basing on that conclusion, it was recommended that MFIs in Tanzania should increase the amount of gross loan portfolio through extending small and medium sized loans to a large number of customers, maintain optimal capital structure and efficiently utilisation of labour force in order to attain efficiency in operation, thus provide financial services to the poor at affordable cost to attain microfinance goal of poverty eradication.
Assessment of factors affecting micro entrepreneurs in servicing their loan: A case of PRIDE
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Bwire, Baraka
This study assesses various factors affecting micro entrepreneurs in servicing their loan from microfinance institutions in Tanzania. Promotion for Rural Initiative and Development Enterprises (PRIDE) Tanzania, Kariakoo branch was the study area chosen for this study. Officials at PRIDE Kariakoo branch formed the unit of analysis and they were divided into three categories of head of departments, supervisors and operational staff. Another unit of analysis was PRIDE Kariakoo branch customer Despite growing in number of microfinance institutions, access to finance by micro entrepreneur is still a challenge as most of them lack credit history and holding defaulting history. This study then tries to dig into details to understand what other factors that affect micro entrepreneurs in servicing their loans; specifically the research also seek to examine the operating environment of micro entrepreneurs, to assess loan usage and its impact on micro entrepreneurs business, to assess viability of the loan write up (identify gap between write ups and implementation) and assessing the effectiveness of the Business Development Services (BDS) provided to the clients before and after accessing the loan. The research used both primary and secondary data sources. For primary data, observation, questionnaire and interview were used to collect data.The study found that lack of good business infrastructure, poor record keeping, poor and misuse of loan received, PRIDE direct microfinance scheme in place, high interest rates, poor capital base and low operating capital, withdrawing from the business and lack of saving culture are some of the factors affecting MSME’s to service their loan from microfinance institutions. The research suggests a need for a serious turnaround from Direct Microfinance Scheme to Triangular Credit Extension scheme and a need for all stakeholders to join hands for developing a sound business infrastructure for MSME’s growth and development in the country. The researcher really hopes that output from this study will be of practical use to PRIDE.
Factors affecting non-performing loans in banking industry: A case of KCB Bank (Tanzania) limited Morogoro and Msimbazi branches
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Msigwa, Carlo
The problem of non-performing loans is seen as a burden on any country’s economy or financial institution and putting downward pressure on its growth. This is because the role of banks as financial intermediaries does not function properly due to the problem of non-performing loans (NPLs). The general objective of the study was to examine the factors affecting non-performing loans in KCB Bank (Tanzania) Limited; Morogoro and Msimbazi branches. Cross-sectional research design was used in the methodology. The sample size of 46 respondents (i.e. KCB workers and customers) was used. Data collected were analysed and processed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) computer software. The findings showed that, diversion of funds for unnecessary expansion of business and speculations leading to investing in high risk assets to earn high income (70%) and legal environment which reflects the availability or non availability of foreclosure laws and ownership rights for both domestic and foreign investors (75%) have been factors influencing NPLs. However, Morogoro branch had higher NPLs ranging from 8% to 6.5% compared to Msimbazi branch which had NPLs ranging from 7.5% to 6.2% as reported by 90% and 85% of respondents respectively. Yet, enhancing training and development options to prevent the failure (85%), introducing and implementing of an aggressive debt collection policy (90%) have been the attempts made to alleviate NPLs. The results indicate that banks need to put emphasis on reserving adequate amount of capital to improve their risk position. The research adds to the argument for enhancing training and development options to prevent the failure in assessing the capabilities of the individuals or entities to generate the interests in their loans in order to alleviate NPLs to the minimum required for the bank to perform.
Factors affecting investors’ overconfidence bias in Tanzania: A case of Dar-es-salaam stock exchange
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Tumwidike, Gideon E.
The main objective of the study is to determine factors that may explain overconfidence bias of individual investors within Tanzanian context, more specifically the research has employed: a survey methodology to determine whether investors are suffering from better than average effect, a survey methodology to determine whether investors are suffering from illusion of control and methodology to determine whether individual investors are miscalibrated This study followed a descriptive approach using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 16 as the data analysis tool. The study was based on the primary data collected through the questionnaires as the method of data to collection. A sample size of 50 respondents has been used in this study. Basing on the fact that this is a case study, this study was carried out at the DSE. Data were collected from the respondents who visited brokerage firms for investments activities, individual investors who were found in different learning institutions, and in any other areas where it was possible to find individual investors. The researcher found that, individual investors in Tanzania are suffering from overconfidence because they exhibit certain psychological biases when making the investment decisions. Better than average effect, illusion of control affect the investors’ overconfidence bias in Tanzania. Individual investors should be educated on how to trade in the stock market without being overconfident as overconfidence leads to higher trading volume and reduces returns on investment. However, if the investors have correct information and perfect knowledge on how to analyze information, trading frequently can lead to higher returns on investment. For the case of stock exchange authority, should be aware of type of investors they are dealing with, so that they should incorporate advice to investors in their handbook.
Factors considered in the ratings of micro finance institutions and the applicability of these ratings in Tanzania: A case of Mwanza Region
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kishamba, Ansbert
The major problem faced by microfinance institutions has largely been lack of self sustainability which calls for borrowing externally. These difficulties faced by Microfinance institutions (MFIs) have triggered a great deal of researches on ways through which these problems can actually be addressed. Concern form the financial providers has always been whether the money that they provide will be repaid together with the interest thereon. Addressing this concern, several agencies have been established to help rate the MFIs according to their credit worthiness. This research therefore had the main objective of assessing the factors considered in the ratings of the MFIs and the applicability of these ratings in Tanzania. With specific objectives of seeking to assess the contribution of social factors in ratings, assessing the applicability of the ratings in the Tanzanian context and assessment of procedures followed in ratings, the study deployed secondary as well as primary data. The research deployed the qualitative research approach and borrowing some quantitative measures by applying the ordinal/ordered logit model for the analysis of secondary data while the primary data were mainly analyzed using the percentage. The study found that only the financial factors are considered when rating the MFIs and that social factors have got no bearing at all in the rating that an MFI assigned. The researcher also found out that the rating system can be put into use in the MFI industry in Tanzania and therefore recommends that an agency is established that will help rating the Tanzanian MFIs and therefore getting rid of the current system of issuing the maximum liability certificate.
Perfomance of outsourcingt revenue collection in local government authority: A case of Mbarali district council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Ngallawa, Rajabu Mohamed
In recent years many Government Authorities have reformed their tax collection systems in order to increase revenue and minimize the operating costs that was associated in revenue collection.Being the case,most of the Local Government Authorities have decided to outsource the revenue collection activities to other organisations.Outsourcing is the art of assigning certain functions of a company to another external company or agency in bid to enhance quality of services,minimize costs and bring frexibilities to the operations.Mbarali District Council is among those organisations which decided to outsource the revenue collection activities.The reason behind was the large amount which was spent in generating those revenues. This study therefore aimed at determining the performance of outsourcing revenue collection in Local Government Authority taking Mbarali District Council as a case whereby specifically the study aimed at determining the determinant factors for outsourcing of revenue collections, assessing constraints experienced in the revenue collection practices and determining improvement measures for revenue collection through outsourcing. Design a research venture involved of data, organizing and analyzing data to achieve the research objectives and purpose whereby 80 respondents were involved in the study. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and excel computer programmes and results were presented in tables, charts and histograms. According to the study findings, it was revealed that, the major factors for determining outsourcing to be the district ability to outsource considering the constraints to the outsourcing which include according to the findings; workload to the district activities. There was found also measure for the revenue collection through outsourcing to be in place. In that respect it was concluded that the district should strive on outsourcing in order to improve district development and that all constraints should be worked on with collaboration between the government and other stakeholders.Also the private collectors should abide to contract signed which includes submission of revenue on time, returning the used books on time and follow up the procedure during the process of collection

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