Case Studies (DCC-BS)

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An assessment of factors affecting crop board performance in Tanzania; A case Cashewnuts Board of Tanzania.
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Peter, Fadhili
The general objective of this study is to assess factors affecting crop board performance in Tanzania. A case cashew nuts board of Tanzania. The study had three objectives which were ; assessing financial availability affecting crop board performance in Tanzania ; finding out of the stakeholders coordination factors affecting cashew nuts crop board performance in Tanzanian policy and regulations factors affecting cashew nuts crop board performance in Tanzania. The study adopted case study design, the study‘s population was from CBT employees, cashew nuts famers and buyers. A sample size of 166 was recruited through the use of convenient sampling techniques. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and interviews guide and schedule. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in data analysis and presentation. It has been found that the central government remains to be the overall financer of CBT, however lack of fund availability is among the main factors that hinder CBT performance. Also, CBT has the role of setting indicative the price which have the effect on domestic prices as well export prices of the crop. However, the price calculations do not reflect the actual situation in the market. Moreover, CBT is the coordinator of cashew nuts farmers and buyers and all other stakeholders but the task is not effectively undertaken. Marketing of raw cashew nuts to external markets is largely monopolized by buyers. With regard to marketing of kernels individual processors are left without support to reach out to buyers, domestic and from abroad, and process, package and advertise final products adequately. Marketing of kernels therefore is still erratic, ad-hoc and unprofessional. The domestic and East African market may constitute a huge potential but there are shortcomings with regard to presentation and advertisement. The environment for doing business in the cashew value chain is not hostile but a complicated one. Processors and traders need to deal with a number of permits which they only get if they have access to the network of stakeholders. Outsiders may find it extremely difficult to engage and invest in the sector while those who know the sectors for years can easily maneuver over the various hurdles and stumbling blocks. Procedures, regulations and licenses to buy and process cashew nuts must be simplified without losing overall oversight on movement and quality of products (through CBT).
Analysis of the role of East African Community (EAC) in the development of cross-border trade: A case of united republic of Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Mbwambo, Iman Elineema
This study investigated the role that the EAC has played in the development of the cross-border trade; while focusing on the impact of capital inflows, intra-trade and the effect of inflation to export Performance of Tanzania.The study employed the Gravity Model theoretical framework which used the gravity equation to describe the size of joint trade flows between two countries. The data was analyzed using the estimation technique – Pooled Mean Group (PMG). The study used a panel of four countries with annual data for the period 2003-2018 using the PMG technique. The outcomes of PMG revealed that FDI, GDP from the Partner States and inflation have all a positive statistically significant relationship with Tanzania exports, imports from the Partner States affects Tanzanian exports negatively except for population variable. The results of the PMG in the short-run have revealed that; changes in the rate of Rwanda’s import has a positive and statistically significant impact to Tanzania exports; the economic growth of Uganda has had a negative statistical significant relationship with Tanzania’s export performance. Otherwise, the positive change in the economic growth of Tanzania statistically increases the rate of export; and that, Burundi and Kenya have no short-run causality with the Tanzania export rate because all the variables are not statistically significant. The discoveries of this study have significant policy inferences to the economy of Tanzania. The biggest constraint to the study was the fact that data were sourced from diverse sources, which are conflicting, thus requiring an in-depth analysis to be conducted first. Future research can expand the number of countries to include other regional integrations that Tanzania is associated with, such as the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC).
Assessing the effect of agricultural export values on foreign exchange rate in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Mlay, Noel
Agricultural sector in Tanzania employs over 65% of the Tanzania population (NBS, 2017 and contributes to foreign exchange earnings through crops exports. This study aimed at examining the effect of agricultural export values to Tanzanian foreign exchange rate and assessed if there is long-run relationship between agricultural exports value and foreign exchange rate using secondary data on total exports, agricultural exports, imports and foreign exchange data from 1989/1990 to 2018/2019. The Regression analysis, Unit Root Test, Johansen Test, Vector Autoregression and Granger causality test were used for analysis. The study concludes that, both total imports and total exports have significant influence on Tanzania exchange rate. Furthermore, it was observed that, there is a causality between total agricultural exports and foreign exchange rate in Tanzania whereby, foreign exchange rate causes agricultural exports and not otherwise. Also, the causality between total imports and total exchange rate is that total import cause’s foreign exchange rate in Tanzania. Regarding the long run relationship between agricultural exports value and foreign exchange rate in Tanzania, it was observed that there is long-run relationship that exists between agricultural export value and foreign exchange rate in Tanzania. The conclusions obtained in this study are very useful for policy making especially on use of foreign exchange rate to stimulate exports. For the Tanzania case, it was observed that devaluation will increase agricultural exports and not total exports. Also, regarding to imports, it was observed that, the total imports have negative impact on Tanzania Shilling hence effort to reduce imports pressure should be implemented to reduce importation.
Assessment of social security coverage among informal sectors: A case of informal sectors operating in Kinondoni District
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Ndullah, Zainab.
This study aimed at assessing the social security coverage among the informal sectors by focusing on the informal sectors operating in Kinondoni District. The objectives of the study were to assess the social security policy in Tanzania; to identify the efforts taken by pension fund to reach those who are undertaking the informal sector activities; and to assess the benefits offered by pension fund, if at all, they cover the interest of those who are in the informal sector. PPF was selected as a case of this study to represent other social security funds in Tanzania. The study involved a sample size of 220 respondents who were selected through purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected by using questionnaires, interviews and documentary review methods. Secondary data was analyzed qualitatively through content analysis and primary data was analyzed quantitatively by using statistical measures and methods including percentages and tables. The study found that there are many efforts undertaken by the social security staffs on making the informal sector participants be members of the social security funds. It is also the finding of this study that the policies available do favor the informal sector people. However, the study indicates that there is no enough awareness and customer satisfaction with the benefits offered by social security funds to the informal sector. The study has discover several setbacks which hinder informal sectors to joining the pension funds including the low level of income, uncertainty in regular cash, as well as lack of awareness on the importance of social protection. It is the recommendation of this study that Social security funds should invest in provision of education to the informal sector on the advantages of being members of social security funds as well as the disadvantages of not being members so as to enable members of the informal sector to join social security funds.
Assessment of the contribution of microfinance in promoting women entrepreneurial activities: a case of Kinondoni District
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Mutagwa, Catherine Audax
In large part, the microfinance industry has been a catalyst for boosting sustainable development, particularly for the less developed economies, for growth in the business sector, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, the participation of women in the business sector in the small and medium-sized enterprise sector, especially in Tanzania, has been closely linked to the microfinance sector, which has proved to be a significant step for most female entrepreneurs. This study sought to assess the contribution of microfinance in promoting women entrepreneurial activities, in a case of women entrepreneurs in Kinondoni district. Specifically, the study intended to determine the effect of the microfinance loans (credit size) in promoting women entrepreneurial activities, to examine the effect of the microfinance interest rate on promoting women entrepreneurial activities and lastly to determine the influence of knowledge enhancements (trainings) provided by microfinance in promoting women entrepreneurial activities. This study employed a cross sectional research design particularly sampling a sample of 362 respondents. The study performed a purely quantitative analysis that involved the use of statistical and econometrical methods in order to create an empirical economic association within the studied information. In the findings, the study found out that the microfinance loans (credit size), interest rate charged and the knowledge enhanced (training), all together have a significant impact on the promotion of women entrepreneurial activities as they contribute to the business annual turnover and an expansion in the business outlets at different significant intervals. This therefore concludes that the microfinance does not only drive or stimulate the empowerment of women but also play a catalyst role in promoting women entrepreneurial activities. Hence recommended that there should be a promotion and advancement of the microfinance services so as to promote the development of small and medium enterprises and especially women-based businesses by financing them through various microfinance institutions.
Effectiveness of internal control over liquid asset (cash) in Tanzania: A case of Kinondoni municipal council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kamaghe, Faraja
Despite the effort made by the government of Tanzania in ensuring there’s control in their asset in LGA’s few of them have managed to implements effectively the controls on those assets in their Finance Department. Their abundance evidence that arises through audit queries due to the fact that, there are procedure not followed as per government finance guide. In view of the above this study aimed at exploring the effectiveness of controls over cash in the LGA’s transactions. Thus obtaining the factors affected the effective cash controls in LGA’s.The study specifically set to identify strength and weakness of the system of internal controls over cash. More specifically to determine functionality of internal audit and to determine reliability and accuracy of financial report prepared within the period of three years. The study focused on the Municipality of Kinondoni Dar Es Salaam. Findings of this research has shown that the main functionality of internal audit of Kinondoni Municipality included: Evaluating controls and advising managers at all levels, Evaluating risks, Analyzing operations and confirming information and reviewing compliance. The study further revealed that the strengths and weakness of the system of internal control over cash in Kinondoni municipal council include Authorization, Recording and custody. Where Authorization scored 100%, Recording scored 100% and custody scored 100%.
Evaluation of teachers’ inservice training on improving pupils’ mastery of 3rs for Tanzanian public primary schools: A case of Chalinze District Council
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Elias, Romwald
The aim of this study was to evaluate teachers‟ in-service training on improving mastery of 3Rs in Tanzanian public primary schools. Specific objectives were: to examine pupils‟ abilities to read write and do arithmetic within a specified time; to assess pupils‟ participation in 3Rs during teaching and learning process, and find out whether there is an increasing rate of pupils in standard three who are able to demonstrate mastery of 3Rs for the past three years. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to form a sample of 44 participants; including: 9 teachers, 3 from each of the sampled 3 public primary schools and 3 Head teachers; 30 pupils; and 2 Quality Assurance Officers from Chalinze District council who provided the data. The data for this study were analyzed by thematic analysis approach and Microsoft Excel 2016. The findings showed that teachers‟ in-service training has helped to increase pupil‟s ability in 3Rs in a period of three years for about 7% from 55% (2016) to 48% (2019) public primary schools. The availability of Room to Read in some schools in Chalinze District Council, teacher seminars, workshops and refresher courses are seen as central mechanisms for the improvement of teachers‟ content knowledge and their teaching skills hence, improvement of pupil‟s mastery of 3Rs. The problem of 3Rs for about 48% is still very high compared to education policy 1995, whereby pupils who complete standard two are expected to be competent in skills of reading, writing and doing arithmetic at their curriculum level by 100%. Shortage of teaching and learning materials, overcrowded classes, inadequate teachers for class one and two and parents‟ levels of education are among the challenges which led to unsuccessful achievement of teaching 3Rs. The study recommends schools management and teachers to continue supporting teachers‟ efforts to improve pupils‟ mastery of 3Rs.They should strive to improve both teacher and learner related factors which seem to influence pupils‟ mastery of 3Rs like in service trainings and seek for support from the government and non- government organisations for the purpose of improving pupils‟ mastery of 3Rs.
Factor influencing sustainability for donor funded projects to youth groups in Tanzania: The case PAYED Project.
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Swahib, Yasin
The general objective of the study was to assess the factors influencing the sustainability of donor-funded projects for youth groups in Tanzania. The Case of Pan African Youth Enterprises Development (PAYED). The study is guided by three objectives which were assessing the influence of stakeholders’ involvement in the sustainability of PAYED program, evaluating the influence of level of funding in the sustainability of PAYED program, and the influencing of monitoring and evaluation in the sustainability of PAYED program. The study adopted a case study design. The study’s population was from PAYED project beneficiaries and employees. A sample of 166 was recruited through the use of simple random techniques. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and interviews. Several factors influence the sustainability of donor-funded projects such as involvement of key stakeholders, such as top-bottom involvement, interactive participation, and function participation that lead to sustainability of the project. Moreover, the level of funding of the project is among the key factors that influence the sustainability of PAYED project hence there has been a steady flow of funds from donors, a high rate of funding to beneficiaries, and there have been fair conditions on funding of the project from donors. Lastly, it has been found that there have monitoring and evaluation of the projects so to have project sustainability through the implementation of remedial measures to ensure project sustainability. Also, funds are always distributed accordingly and information is collected for the evaluation process of the project. Project managers together with the project management team should come up with other monitoring and evaluation methods and strategies of decision making to avoid bias problems. This study also recommends that strategies of evaluating sustainability of projects should effective by looking on the intended goals of the projects
Factors affecting financial management in private schools in Dar es Salaam: A case of Kinondoni municipal
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Ngondya, Lusekelo John
This study presents the assessment of the factors affecting financial management in private schools particularly in Kinondoni municipal. Specifically, the study assesses the financial management and performance of private schools; examine the financial management practices in private schools; and examine challenges facing financial management in private schools. Data for this research was collected using structured questionnaires, primary data, secondary data, observation and interview. The research also used qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. Notably, this study use 51 respondents as sample size It was identified that Private schools faces factors affecting financial management as follows; staff resistance, Management commitment and system complexity and capacity of the schools. However, most of the respondents decided that financial management and performance of private schools are good. Notably, challenges facing financial management in private schools are poor level of bursar’s computer literacy, Poor level of computer facilities and Minimum involvement of accounts staff i.e. bursars. The Study depict that, financial management key areas are policy dealing with financial controls with proper implementation and monitoring efforts in place; adequate bonding of employees who handle money; complete and up-to-date accounting records. Moreover, Private schools bursar managers must assess risks and develop financial control procedures that address these risks in a cost effective manner. Also, management of the private schools should put in place modern financial management control systems especially adoption of computer related packages to ensure they are able to plan properly and avoid financial surprises.
Impact of international trade on economic growth of Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Nguto, Tumaini A
Tanzania as an open economy engages herself in international trade which constitutes significantly a proportion of the country’s aggregate output. As in other developing countries, Tanzania regards trade as the main instrument for the development and growth of the country. Different empirical studies explain the existing relationship between international trade and the country’s economic growth. However, the empirical findings produce mixed findings which then developed more curiosity to conduct this study. Under this review, the researcher examines the impact of international trade on the economic growth of Tanzania, whereby goods exports, service exports, goods imports, and service imports make the independent variables. Otherwise, interest rate and inflation rate are the control variables while GDP makes the dependent variable. The study employs a time-series data-set for 31 years (1988 to 2018) gathered from the World Bank data site. Besides, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method is used to estimate a multiple linear regressions model, and the findings suggest that goods exports and service exports have a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of Tanzania; goods imports, service imports and exchange rate have a negative but significant impact on the economic growth while the inflation rate has a negative but insignificant impact on the economic growth. These findings correspond to the economic theories of international trade both classical and neoclassical theories which regard foreign trade as a catalyst for economic growth. However, foreign trade has both negative and positive impact on the growth of the economy. This study concludes that international trade plays a substantial role in the economic growth of Tanzania. Therefore the study recommends that the government of Tanzania should effectively enhance export promotion policies, import substitution strategy of industrialization, and strengthen investment in science and technology to increase Tanzania’s competitive edge in the international market
Practicability of the bulk procurement of petroleum products and single receiving point: Perspectives from selected stakeholders.
(Mzumbe University, 2019) Chacha, Clement Marwa.
This study explores stakeholders' perspective on the practicability in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and economy of the bulk procurement of petroleum products and its proposed bulk storage (single receiving point). The specific objectives of the study were to examine the efficiency and applicability of the Bulk Petroleum Procurement and bulk storage process in Tanzania, to determine the effectiveness of the bulk procurement process and storage of petroleum product in Tanzania, and to analyze the economic benefit of the bulk procurement of petroleum product on a single receiving point. In order to obtain information regarding the problem under study, the researcher used three research approaches namely; Questionnaires, interview and documentary sources. Primary and secondary data collection was conducted from various sources that exist within various stakeholders and from internet sources. The data collected was analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Findings show that the Bulk Procurement System (BPS) of petroleum products has to a greatest extent helped in reducing tax evasion, reducing loses and no demurrages. Petroleum products are used across the entire economy in every country. Also, findings show stakeholders’ agree on the time used to change from one terminal to another affect the efficiency of the bulk procurement system and its intended purpose due to multiple terminal receptions which results into delays of products unloading according to the contractual time agreed, and hence demurrage charges. Adequate and reliable supply of transport services and electricity in turn are essential for economic development. Due the fundamental role of petroleum product in the economy of a country Bulk Procurement System of petroleum product on single receiving point is inevitable. It is a time for the Ministry of energy to send a bill to the parliament on establishment of bulk procurement of petroleum product on single receiving point.
Testing brand equity dimensions of bank brands, consumer behaviour and firm financial performance
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Masunu, Mwasi Raiya
Over the years the concept of brand equity has been studied extensively. The concept has been applied to study how customers respond to a brand offering. These studies have been carried out in varying industries and in relation to a number of other concepts. Brand equity and firm financial performance are such an example. These studies are few. And, furthermore, few of such studies have been carried out on the banking industry and even fewer in the African context. This study looks at consumer-based brand equity from two perspectives. Cognitive behavioral perspective and information economic perspective. These brand equity perspectives are tested in relation to firm financial performance. The study found some significance in the relationship between consumer-based brand equity and firm financial peformance. Cognitive behavioural perspective consumer-brand equity dimensions showed more significance in relation to firm financial performance than information economic perspective consumer-based brand dimensions. In addition, the results imply high levels of brand equity significance does not connote high firm financial performance
The contributions of southern highland regions in agriculture development in Njombe. A case of Sagcot-Njombe District
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Myonga, Mkumbo
The study was examining the contribution of southern Highland regions to the sustainable agriculture development in Njombe. Agriculture is the backbone of Tanzania economy hence it accounts about 30% of export revenues and it employs about 70% of Tanzania population. The Objective of the study was to analyze the role played by southern highland regions through agricultural activities in promoting sustainable agriculture development in Njombe district. The focus of the research was to analyze the role played by Southern highlands regions through agricultural activities in promoting sustainable agriculture development in Njombe district. Specifically focusing on the role of southern highlands cooperative societies, the government, private sector, and financial institutions in southern highlands agriculture development. The field survey approach was used to collect data of variables. A Likert scale analysis was used in study because most of the information collected was based on obtaining respondent’s attitude toward different role played by the cooperative societies, the government, private sector and financial institutions in agriculture development and economic development in Southern highland regions Njombe district being our case study. sample of 188 respondents were drawn from the total farmers which are practicing small scale and medium scale including SAGCOT & NOSC officials in Njombe district. The attitude was measured in five Likert scale which are strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree. The study reveals, that major players in Njombe region Tanzania are not playing their part in agricultural development in the desired mannered spite of high number of respondents accepting on the role played by financial institutions in making sureagriculture development is in place in southern highlands regions, as compared to low number of respondents who agreed on the role of cooperative societies, the Government and Private sector. It was recommended that, Agricultural Cooperatives, Government and Private sector and Financial Institutions should be given most economical and organizational freedom for them to be less dependent on the central cooperatives, especially in obtaining and distributing the production inputs and assuring the market for the output
The impact of employees training and development on organisation performance: The case of Tanzania commission for AIDS
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mwaibako, Elly
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of employee training and development on improving organization performance, Tanzania Commission for AIDS being a case study. Specifically, the study focused on getting the perception of employees in terms of training and development programs at TACAIDS, effects of employee training on performance of the organization, and the challenges facing TACAIDS in providing training to its employees. Purposive sampling was used to obtain 35 respondents. Questionnaires and interviews were used as instruments of data collection. The study findings show that there is relatively high level of awareness of the training activities provided by the organization as noted by 81% of the respondents. The training and development has improved organization performance through new ideas and skills that have been introduced to the organization after the training. However, training and development at TACAIDS faces various challenges including financial resources and lack of clear policies to promptly promote employees once they have finished a certain training. Also, training needs assessment has not been done which results to discretion in allocation of training slots. The researcher recommended that the organization should conduct training needs assessment and gap identification and sponsoring of all training programs should be done. This can be achieved by setting aside a budget for employee training and development and searching for alternative sources of funds without been dependent on government sources only.
The influence of motivation on organizational performance in public corporations: a case of National Insurance Corporation (NIC).
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Shaabani, Tunu.
The study examined the influence of motivation on organisational performance at National Insurance Corporation (NIC). The specific objectives of the study included; to determine how reward and recognition impact the performance of employees; to examine the extent to which skills development affects the performance of employees; to evaluate the extent to which work life balance and working environment affects organizational performance; and to examine the role of leadership in influencing employee performance. The research philosophy is based on the assumption that, employee motivation is a key driver to enhance organisational performance. This assumption is based on the fact that, most organizations nowadays around the corporate world are allocating more resources in their human resources rather than capital structure, as they believe that employees are a significant base for improving their performance and achieve success. This study, thus empirically sought to find out the influence of motivation on organisational performance in order to materialise this assumption. This study used a pragmatic approach which involves multiple methods including quantitative and qualitative approaches. The researcher used primary data that was collected from employees at National Insurance Corporation at Dar es Salaam head office. The study also employed secondary data from NIC and TIRA. The research design employed was a case study research design. Primary data was gathered through questionnaires administered to 30 respondents. Once the data was collected was summarized and analyzed in tabular form, frequencies and histograms through the aid of a computer program in excel. The main findings of the study indicate that, effective motivation programs have greater likelihood of increasing employees’ morale, retention rate and productivity.It was further revealed that, motivation has been useful at NIC to improve organisational performance.The study recommends for a wider participation from the government and interested parties to support the insurance industry in making sure that motivation becomes successful in the sector. At the same time organizations are urged to put in place appropriate motivation of their employees in order to enhance skills utilization and ultimate organizational performance.
The Influence of Social Media Marketing on SMEs Development in Tanzania: A Case of Kinondoni Municipal
(Mzumbe University, 2020) Mshana, Elipina
Social media marketing has highly been adopted by many small or huge firms in different parts of the world. The key objective of research was to evaluate the impact of social media on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) development in Tanzania particularly in Kinondoni District. This research had three objectives which were assessing the impact of social media on profitability among SMEs in Kinondoni Municipal, examining the influence of social media on market growth among SMEs in Kinondoni Municipal and the impact of social on enhancing customer relationship among SMEs in Kinondoni Municipal. There researcher adopted descriptive study type. The study used convenient sampling techniques in finding 100 respondents as the sample size. Only questionnaires were used as tools for data collection. The principle findings show that due to the adoption of social media there have been increase of sales, increase of customer demands hence social media has highly promoted business. Moreover, SMEs have experienced quick accessibility of the market, easy feedback from customers; also SMEs have been easily influencing customers through social media. Lastly, social media marketing has been influencing customer relationship management through easy communication between customers and SMEs owners. Also there have been high and quick involvement of customers in the business whereas has eventually led to trust. It is there for recommended that the business owners need to undergo special social media training that will build their capacity in conducting their business with growth prospects.