Case Studies (DCC-BS)

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    Factor influencing sustainability for donor funded projects to youth groups in Tanzania: The case PAYED Project.
    (Mzumbe University, 2020) Swahib, Yasin
    The general objective of the study was to assess the factors influencing the sustainability of donor-funded projects for youth groups in Tanzania. The Case of Pan African Youth Enterprises Development (PAYED). The study is guided by three objectives which were assessing the influence of stakeholders’ involvement in the sustainability of PAYED program, evaluating the influence of level of funding in the sustainability of PAYED program, and the influencing of monitoring and evaluation in the sustainability of PAYED program. The study adopted a case study design. The study’s population was from PAYED project beneficiaries and employees. A sample of 166 was recruited through the use of simple random techniques. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and interviews. Several factors influence the sustainability of donor-funded projects such as involvement of key stakeholders, such as top-bottom involvement, interactive participation, and function participation that lead to sustainability of the project. Moreover, the level of funding of the project is among the key factors that influence the sustainability of PAYED project hence there has been a steady flow of funds from donors, a high rate of funding to beneficiaries, and there have been fair conditions on funding of the project from donors. Lastly, it has been found that there have monitoring and evaluation of the projects so to have project sustainability through the implementation of remedial measures to ensure project sustainability. Also, funds are always distributed accordingly and information is collected for the evaluation process of the project. Project managers together with the project management team should come up with other monitoring and evaluation methods and strategies of decision making to avoid bias problems. This study also recommends that strategies of evaluating sustainability of projects should effective by looking on the intended goals of the projects
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    The influence of motivation on organizational performance in public corporations: a case of National Insurance Corporation (NIC).
    (Mzumbe University, 2020) Shaabani, Tunu.
    The study examined the influence of motivation on organisational performance at National Insurance Corporation (NIC). The specific objectives of the study included; to determine how reward and recognition impact the performance of employees; to examine the extent to which skills development affects the performance of employees; to evaluate the extent to which work life balance and working environment affects organizational performance; and to examine the role of leadership in influencing employee performance. The research philosophy is based on the assumption that, employee motivation is a key driver to enhance organisational performance. This assumption is based on the fact that, most organizations nowadays around the corporate world are allocating more resources in their human resources rather than capital structure, as they believe that employees are a significant base for improving their performance and achieve success. This study, thus empirically sought to find out the influence of motivation on organisational performance in order to materialise this assumption. This study used a pragmatic approach which involves multiple methods including quantitative and qualitative approaches. The researcher used primary data that was collected from employees at National Insurance Corporation at Dar es Salaam head office. The study also employed secondary data from NIC and TIRA. The research design employed was a case study research design. Primary data was gathered through questionnaires administered to 30 respondents. Once the data was collected was summarized and analyzed in tabular form, frequencies and histograms through the aid of a computer program in excel. The main findings of the study indicate that, effective motivation programs have greater likelihood of increasing employees’ morale, retention rate and productivity.It was further revealed that, motivation has been useful at NIC to improve organisational performance.The study recommends for a wider participation from the government and interested parties to support the insurance industry in making sure that motivation becomes successful in the sector. At the same time organizations are urged to put in place appropriate motivation of their employees in order to enhance skills utilization and ultimate organizational performance.
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    An assessment of factors affecting crop board performance in Tanzania; A case Cashewnuts Board of Tanzania.
    (Mzumbe University, 2020) Peter, Fadhili
    The general objective of this study is to assess factors affecting crop board performance in Tanzania. A case cashew nuts board of Tanzania. The study had three objectives which were ; assessing financial availability affecting crop board performance in Tanzania ; finding out of the stakeholders coordination factors affecting cashew nuts crop board performance in Tanzanian policy and regulations factors affecting cashew nuts crop board performance in Tanzania. The study adopted case study design, the study‘s population was from CBT employees, cashew nuts famers and buyers. A sample size of 166 was recruited through the use of convenient sampling techniques. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and interviews guide and schedule. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used in data analysis and presentation. It has been found that the central government remains to be the overall financer of CBT, however lack of fund availability is among the main factors that hinder CBT performance. Also, CBT has the role of setting indicative the price which have the effect on domestic prices as well export prices of the crop. However, the price calculations do not reflect the actual situation in the market. Moreover, CBT is the coordinator of cashew nuts farmers and buyers and all other stakeholders but the task is not effectively undertaken. Marketing of raw cashew nuts to external markets is largely monopolized by buyers. With regard to marketing of kernels individual processors are left without support to reach out to buyers, domestic and from abroad, and process, package and advertise final products adequately. Marketing of kernels therefore is still erratic, ad-hoc and unprofessional. The domestic and East African market may constitute a huge potential but there are shortcomings with regard to presentation and advertisement. The environment for doing business in the cashew value chain is not hostile but a complicated one. Processors and traders need to deal with a number of permits which they only get if they have access to the network of stakeholders. Outsiders may find it extremely difficult to engage and invest in the sector while those who know the sectors for years can easily maneuver over the various hurdles and stumbling blocks. Procedures, regulations and licenses to buy and process cashew nuts must be simplified without losing overall oversight on movement and quality of products (through CBT).
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    Assessment of social security coverage among informal sectors: A case of informal sectors operating in Kinondoni District
    (Mzumbe University, 2020) Ndullah, Zainab.
    This study aimed at assessing the social security coverage among the informal sectors by focusing on the informal sectors operating in Kinondoni District. The objectives of the study were to assess the social security policy in Tanzania; to identify the efforts taken by pension fund to reach those who are undertaking the informal sector activities; and to assess the benefits offered by pension fund, if at all, they cover the interest of those who are in the informal sector. PPF was selected as a case of this study to represent other social security funds in Tanzania. The study involved a sample size of 220 respondents who were selected through purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected by using questionnaires, interviews and documentary review methods. Secondary data was analyzed qualitatively through content analysis and primary data was analyzed quantitatively by using statistical measures and methods including percentages and tables. The study found that there are many efforts undertaken by the social security staffs on making the informal sector participants be members of the social security funds. It is also the finding of this study that the policies available do favor the informal sector people. However, the study indicates that there is no enough awareness and customer satisfaction with the benefits offered by social security funds to the informal sector. The study has discover several setbacks which hinder informal sectors to joining the pension funds including the low level of income, uncertainty in regular cash, as well as lack of awareness on the importance of social protection. It is the recommendation of this study that Social security funds should invest in provision of education to the informal sector on the advantages of being members of social security funds as well as the disadvantages of not being members so as to enable members of the informal sector to join social security funds.
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    The Influence of Social Media Marketing on SMEs Development in Tanzania: A Case of Kinondoni Municipal
    (Mzumbe University, 2020) Mshana, Elipina
    Social media marketing has highly been adopted by many small or huge firms in different parts of the world. The key objective of research was to evaluate the impact of social media on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) development in Tanzania particularly in Kinondoni District. This research had three objectives which were assessing the impact of social media on profitability among SMEs in Kinondoni Municipal, examining the influence of social media on market growth among SMEs in Kinondoni Municipal and the impact of social on enhancing customer relationship among SMEs in Kinondoni Municipal. There researcher adopted descriptive study type. The study used convenient sampling techniques in finding 100 respondents as the sample size. Only questionnaires were used as tools for data collection. The principle findings show that due to the adoption of social media there have been increase of sales, increase of customer demands hence social media has highly promoted business. Moreover, SMEs have experienced quick accessibility of the market, easy feedback from customers; also SMEs have been easily influencing customers through social media. Lastly, social media marketing has been influencing customer relationship management through easy communication between customers and SMEs owners. Also there have been high and quick involvement of customers in the business whereas has eventually led to trust. It is there for recommended that the business owners need to undergo special social media training that will build their capacity in conducting their business with growth prospects.
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    Testing brand equity dimensions of bank brands, consumer behaviour and firm financial performance
    (Mzumbe University, 2020) Masunu, Mwasi Raiya
    Over the years the concept of brand equity has been studied extensively. The concept has been applied to study how customers respond to a brand offering. These studies have been carried out in varying industries and in relation to a number of other concepts. Brand equity and firm financial performance are such an example. These studies are few. And, furthermore, few of such studies have been carried out on the banking industry and even fewer in the African context. This study looks at consumer-based brand equity from two perspectives. Cognitive behavioral perspective and information economic perspective. These brand equity perspectives are tested in relation to firm financial performance. The study found some significance in the relationship between consumer-based brand equity and firm financial peformance. Cognitive behavioural perspective consumer-brand equity dimensions showed more significance in relation to firm financial performance than information economic perspective consumer-based brand dimensions. In addition, the results imply high levels of brand equity significance does not connote high firm financial performance
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    Assessment of the contribution of microfinance in promoting women entrepreneurial activities: a case of Kinondoni District
    (Mzumbe University, 2020) Mutagwa, Catherine Audax
    In large part, the microfinance industry has been a catalyst for boosting sustainable development, particularly for the less developed economies, for growth in the business sector, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, the participation of women in the business sector in the small and medium-sized enterprise sector, especially in Tanzania, has been closely linked to the microfinance sector, which has proved to be a significant step for most female entrepreneurs. This study sought to assess the contribution of microfinance in promoting women entrepreneurial activities, in a case of women entrepreneurs in Kinondoni district. Specifically, the study intended to determine the effect of the microfinance loans (credit size) in promoting women entrepreneurial activities, to examine the effect of the microfinance interest rate on promoting women entrepreneurial activities and lastly to determine the influence of knowledge enhancements (trainings) provided by microfinance in promoting women entrepreneurial activities. This study employed a cross sectional research design particularly sampling a sample of 362 respondents. The study performed a purely quantitative analysis that involved the use of statistical and econometrical methods in order to create an empirical economic association within the studied information. In the findings, the study found out that the microfinance loans (credit size), interest rate charged and the knowledge enhanced (training), all together have a significant impact on the promotion of women entrepreneurial activities as they contribute to the business annual turnover and an expansion in the business outlets at different significant intervals. This therefore concludes that the microfinance does not only drive or stimulate the empowerment of women but also play a catalyst role in promoting women entrepreneurial activities. Hence recommended that there should be a promotion and advancement of the microfinance services so as to promote the development of small and medium enterprises and especially women-based businesses by financing them through various microfinance institutions.
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    Assessing the effect of agricultural export values on foreign exchange rate in Tanzania
    (Mzumbe University, 2020) Mlay, Noel
    Agricultural sector in Tanzania employs over 65% of the Tanzania population (NBS, 2017 and contributes to foreign exchange earnings through crops exports. This study aimed at examining the effect of agricultural export values to Tanzanian foreign exchange rate and assessed if there is long-run relationship between agricultural exports value and foreign exchange rate using secondary data on total exports, agricultural exports, imports and foreign exchange data from 1989/1990 to 2018/2019. The Regression analysis, Unit Root Test, Johansen Test, Vector Autoregression and Granger causality test were used for analysis. The study concludes that, both total imports and total exports have significant influence on Tanzania exchange rate. Furthermore, it was observed that, there is a causality between total agricultural exports and foreign exchange rate in Tanzania whereby, foreign exchange rate causes agricultural exports and not otherwise. Also, the causality between total imports and total exchange rate is that total import cause’s foreign exchange rate in Tanzania. Regarding the long run relationship between agricultural exports value and foreign exchange rate in Tanzania, it was observed that there is long-run relationship that exists between agricultural export value and foreign exchange rate in Tanzania. The conclusions obtained in this study are very useful for policy making especially on use of foreign exchange rate to stimulate exports. For the Tanzania case, it was observed that devaluation will increase agricultural exports and not total exports. Also, regarding to imports, it was observed that, the total imports have negative impact on Tanzania Shilling hence effort to reduce imports pressure should be implemented to reduce importation.
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    Impact of international trade on economic growth of Tanzania
    (Mzumbe University, 2020) Nguto, Tumaini A
    Tanzania as an open economy engages herself in international trade which constitutes significantly a proportion of the country’s aggregate output. As in other developing countries, Tanzania regards trade as the main instrument for the development and growth of the country. Different empirical studies explain the existing relationship between international trade and the country’s economic growth. However, the empirical findings produce mixed findings which then developed more curiosity to conduct this study. Under this review, the researcher examines the impact of international trade on the economic growth of Tanzania, whereby goods exports, service exports, goods imports, and service imports make the independent variables. Otherwise, interest rate and inflation rate are the control variables while GDP makes the dependent variable. The study employs a time-series data-set for 31 years (1988 to 2018) gathered from the World Bank data site. Besides, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method is used to estimate a multiple linear regressions model, and the findings suggest that goods exports and service exports have a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of Tanzania; goods imports, service imports and exchange rate have a negative but significant impact on the economic growth while the inflation rate has a negative but insignificant impact on the economic growth. These findings correspond to the economic theories of international trade both classical and neoclassical theories which regard foreign trade as a catalyst for economic growth. However, foreign trade has both negative and positive impact on the growth of the economy. This study concludes that international trade plays a substantial role in the economic growth of Tanzania. Therefore the study recommends that the government of Tanzania should effectively enhance export promotion policies, import substitution strategy of industrialization, and strengthen investment in science and technology to increase Tanzania’s competitive edge in the international market
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    Evaluation of teachers’ inservice training on improving pupils’ mastery of 3rs for Tanzanian public primary schools: A case of Chalinze District council
    (Mzumbe University, 2020) Elias, Romwald
    The aim of this study was to evaluate teachers‟ in-service training on improving mastery of 3Rs in Tanzanian public primary schools. Specific objectives were: to examine pupils‟ abilities to read write and do arithmetic within a specified time; to assess pupils‟ participation in 3Rs during teaching and learning process, and find out whether there is an increasing rate of pupils in standard three who are able to demonstrate mastery of 3Rs for the past three years. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to form a sample of 44 participants; including: 9 teachers, 3 from each of the sampled 3 public primary schools and 3 Head teachers; 30 pupils; and 2 Quality Assurance Officers from Chalinze District council who provided the data. The data for this study were analyzed by thematic analysis approach and Microsoft Excel 2016. The findings showed that teachers‟ in-service training has helped to increase pupil‟s ability in 3Rs in a period of three years for about 7% from 55% (2016) to 48% (2019) public primary schools. The availability of Room to Read in some schools in Chalinze District Council, teacher seminars, workshops and refresher courses are seen as central mechanisms for the improvement of teachers‟ content knowledge and their teaching skills hence, improvement of pupil‟s mastery of 3Rs. The problem of 3Rs for about 48% is still very high compared to education policy 1995, whereby pupils who complete standard two are expected to be competent in skills of reading, writing and doing arithmetic at their curriculum level by 100%. Shortage of teaching and learning materials, overcrowded classes, inadequate teachers for class one and two and parents‟ levels of education are among the challenges which led to unsuccessful achievement of teaching 3Rs. The study recommends schools management and teachers to continue supporting teachers‟ efforts to improve pupils‟ mastery of 3Rs.They should strive to improve both teacher and learner related factors which seem to influence pupils‟ mastery of 3Rs like in service trainings and seek for support from the government and non- government organisations for the purpose of improving pupils‟ mastery of 3Rs.