Dissertations (Masters) EPS

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    Effects of Human Settlement and Activities on Water Resources in Morogoro region.
    (Mzumbe University, 2015) Semdoe, Mohammed S
    This study aimed at assessing the magnitude of the effects of human settlement and activities on water resources in line with the roles of IWRM Approach on ensuring equitable, economically sound, and environmentally sustainable management of water resources and provision of water services. The study objectives were specifically to assess the effects of human settlement and activities on water supply, water distribution, and water quality; the capacity of local institutions on water resources management, the effectiveness of fees system on water resources management, and the stakeholder’s involvement on planning water resources management. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study was conducted using cross sectional design where a total of 88 representative households were selected and interviewed. The study also involved two Focus Group Discussions to gather information necessary for in-depth analysis. The findings show that, the study area is dominated by agricultural activities as the main source of income. Human activities effects include; the problems in water supply, distribution, and quality which leads to slowing down of domestic and commercial activities; risk in drinking untreated water from open wells or surface waters; workload of women in the households becomes very heavy; too much time is wasted in search of water; of which only 40.9% of the respondents travel a short distance to access water services, also 31.8% of the respondents spent about 60 minutes in finding and fetching water for their families. Some water borne-diseases outbreak like diarrhea and cholera have been experienced in the study area. IWRM approach is not well rooted at village level, although few aspects of approach have been well implemented in the study area. Additionally, the study finds that; the National Water Policy (2002) is not much publicized to the local community; therefore, the local leaders in the study area especially at village and ward levels are not aware about the policy.
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    An assessment of high human population density and its impacts on land resources in Moshi district council, Tanzania
    (Mzumbe Unversity, 2013) Alphonce, Emmanuel
    This study attempted to assess the impacts of high human population density on land resources in Moshi District Council. Generally, other studies show that, developing countries experiencing the high demographic pressures while land resource to support the growth is fixed or limited and the mechanisms to adapt to, grow very slowly. Specifically, there is an extremely high human population density in areas around Kilimanjaro, especially in the Moshi District Council. This leads to land shortage that would be useful for agricultural production and infrastructure development, poor settlement planning, land use conflicts, land degradation, and serious environmental implications that can be linked to the increase of poverty level including lack of employment to the youth. This study used a case study design and sampling techniques based on purposive/non probability sampling and simple random sampling/probability sampling, while the sample size of a hundred respondents that was taken, was based on Nassiuma’s formula. The type and source of data were entirely on primary and secondary sources related to the study topic studied. The methods of data collection based on, written questionnaires/structured interview for key informants and field respondents, field observation of human settlement arrangement and cultivation areas. The documentary technique based on, written sources/secondary sources i.e. related reports, population census, books, and internet. Finally, the data were analysed and presented with descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency, graphs and tables. This was done by using the Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16. Microsoft Excel was used to produce charts and graphs and Microsoft Word was used in compiling and writing up the reports.
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    The effectiveness of community approach in solid waste management at household and street level in Tanzania : A case of Mbeya City Council
    (Mzumbe Unversity, 2013) Nguge, Josephine F.
    This study was conducted in Mbeya City Council to examine the effectiveness of the community approach in solid waste management at household and street levels. It aimed to identify the roles played by the community in the management of solid waste, the impact of the community involvement in the management of solid waste, factors affecting community participation in the management of solid waste and stakeholders’ views in improvement of the solid waste management. The study adopted a case study design, targeting the household and street levels in Mbeya City Council. A sample size of 65 respondents was drawn using purposive and systematic random sampling techniques. Questionnaires, interviews and observation were used to collect primary data while documentary review method was used to collect secondary data. Data collected were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel software and presented in tables, figures, and text. The findings revealed that the community approach in solid waste management at household and street level in Mbeya City Council is partially effective in consideration of Ghana, Mwakibete and Igawilo wards where 80 percent of the respondents are participating in collecting solid waste in waste bins at household level and then send them to the communal container (collection points) ready to be collected to the dump site, it is less effective at street level where only 20 percent of the respondents were paying for solid waste collection fee thus accumulation of solid waste at collection points. This has contributed to poor service provision on solid waste management by the city council. The study recommended that, education should continue to be given to the community so that they will understand the benefit to be obtained when solid wastes are well managed; urban local authorities should make faster decisions in involving community based organizations (CBOs) and private investors to help them in the solid waste provision services. Also enforce the existing bylaws so that everyone who generated waste has to manage them by having containers at their locality for collecting the solid waste and pay waste collection fee at street level thus reduced load to the city and ensure effective management at household and street level.
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    Community participation in solid waste management in Kigoma urban a case study of Kigoma ujiji municipality
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Luvakule, Deogratius Gaston
    Achieving full and effective community participation in development activities is a hard task. However, it has been a key element to project development and sustainability. The inability of municipalities to handle the increasing amount of waste generated is a growing problem in many African cities. This study conducted in KigomaUjiji Municipality 2013, attempts to address the problem of solid waste management by looking at community participation on waste management issues. Solid waste in Kigoma Ujiji Municipality mostly are generated during the extraction of raw materials, processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products, consumption of final products, and other human activities such as agriculture, fishing, construction, demolition and carpentry. Different methods of waste disposal for example, dumping and land fill leads to attraction of vermin example rats and mice which harbours diseases, dumping generate leachate which contaminate underground water, production of gas (carbon dioxide and methane) which produce unpleasant odor, green house gases and kills surface vegetation. Plastic bags when thrown in the farm reduces filtration of water into the soil, leading to low fertility of soil and low agricultural production also harbor mosquitoes and other pathogenic organisms. Eruption of diseases such as malaria, typhoid, and cholera can occur, especially when the plastic bags obstructed sewage system. Plastic bags lose attraction of the area. Burning of waste material and dust from industries can cause respiratory problems and air pollution to people and all these problems can lead to climatic change/global warming. This study recommended best ways which can make the environment clean. People have to pay for collection and transportation of solid waste, the community has to change attitude and culture. In doing so, one day we would have a clean Municipality
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    An assessment of beach management units in combating illegal fishing in Lake Victoria, Tanzania: A case of Bukoba district
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Kashililika, Edwin W.
    The study is about An Assessment of the Beach Management Units in combating illegal fishing with specific reference to Bukoba District. The aim of the study was to identify factors leading to ineffective performance of Beach Management Units in combating illegal fishing in Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Ninety six (96) respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaires also information collected from a fishery officials at District and Regional level by focused group discussion. Descriptive data were analyzed by the descriptive analysis method and SPSS 20 version and presented in frequencies. The findings revealed that the performance of the BMUs is poor because of, lack of boats for patrol (fishery patrol vessel), lack of source of revenue, difficult to get information about illegal fishing, BMUs leaders were found to be part of illegal fishing, also intimidation to BMUs’ leaders by big fishers who practiced illegal fishing and lastly voluntarism nature of work demoralizes the BMUs leaders to concentrate in combating illegal fishing. Given the above mentioned reasons fueling illegal fishing, this study recommends local and Central Government to support the BMUs to improve its performance to achieve the sustainable and equitable exploitation of fishery resources. The basic support recommended include: Adequate funds to support their operations including the purchase of the fishery patrol vessel, awareness raising/sensitization to local authorities and community living along Lake Victoria shores on the importance of these Community-Based Organizations in combating illegal fishing, the impact of illegal fishing and how to provide information to the BMUs leadership about illegal fishing
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    The effects of informal settlements on environmental management in Temeke municipality
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Mwamhanga, Evaristo B.
    This study examined the effects of informal settlements on environmental management. Specifically, it aimed at identification of the socioeconomic effects of informal settlements on environmental management, examination of community role in environmental management in informal settlements and determination on the strategies that will improve environmental management in the study area. The study was conducted in Temeke Municipality and Keko ward in particular. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires while secondary data were collected through interview. The study involved 102 respondents in which 95 were household respondents and 7 were key informants. Data collected were subjected to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), multiple response and Chi-square for analysis. The study findings revealed that, socioeconomic effects of informal settlements have contributed negatively to environmental management. It was found that community role was ineffective to manage environments in informal settlements. It was further disclosed that environmental education, provision of environmental infrastructure and implementation of bylaws were found to be appropriate strategies for better environmental management in Temeke Municipality. Based on the study findings, it is concluded that, the Temeke Municipality Council should prepare an effective municipal environmental policy to address environmental problems occurring in informal settlements. Strategies such as provision of environmental education, public and private sector partnership creation of dumping sites and adequate supply of facilities for environmental management through clearly organized programmes, plans and projects should be used to improve the sustainability of environmental resources at the household, Streets and Ward with an emphasis of reversing the negative effect of informal settlements on environmental resources. Finally, areas including environmental education and community participation in environmental management were suggested for further studies
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    The effects of informal settlements on environmental management in Temeke Municipality
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Mwamhanga, Evaristo Benitho
    This study examined the effects of informal settlements on environmental management. Specifically, it aimed at identification of the socioeconomic effects of informal settlements on environmental management, examination of community role in environmental management in informal settlements and determination on the strategies that will improve environmental management in the study area. The study was conducted in Temeke Municipality and Keko ward in particular. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires while secondary data were collected through interview. The study involved 102 respondents in which 95 were household respondents and 7 were key informants. Data collected were subjected to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), multiple response and Chi-square for analysis. The study findings revealed that, socioeconomic effects of informal settlements have contributed negatively to environmental management. It was found that community role was ineffective to manage environments in informal settlements. It was further disclosed that environmental education, provision of environmental infrastructure and implementation of bylaws were found to be appropriate strategies for better environmental management in Temeke Municipality. Based on the study findings, it is concluded that, the Temeke Municipality Council should prepare an effective municipal environmental policy to address environmental problems occurring in informal settlements. Strategies such as provision of environmental education, public and private sector partnership creation of dumping sites and adequate supply of facilities for environmental management through clearly organized programmes, plans and projects should be used to improve the sustainability of environmental resources at the household, Streets and Ward with an emphasis of reversing the negative effect of informal settlements on environmental resources. Finally, areas including environmental education and community participation in environmental management were suggested for further studies.
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    Governance instruments and liquid wastes management in urban industrial areas of Tanzania: a case of Morogoro textile industry
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Mwakaboko, Humphrey Donald
    This research aimed at examining how governance instruments are applied in managing liquid wastes, its efficiency and effectiveness in the Morogoro Textile Industry. A case study research design was used and eighty-three (83) respondents were interviewed by using questionnaires and participant observations. Data collected were presented using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, version 16) and analysed using percentages, graphs, and tables. The findings show that, the Morogoro textile industry does not implement all the governance instruments for waste management, the applied one is 48.3% recycling, 16.7% environmental regulation, 6.7% environmental policy and 28.3% environmental standards, and the liquid waste management system/programs adopted by the Morogoro textile industry were less effective and efficient. The findings show that, 60% of workers were not satisfied with the situation of liquid waste management practices in the industry and 28.3% were less satisfied and 11.7% were completely dissatisfied. About 75% of the community said that no any environmental education concerned liquid waste was provided to them, while 25% they do not recall if there was environmental education provided to them. This study recommends improving infrastructures of waste collection and treatment plant, adhering to the rules and regulations from NEMC, applying governance instruments properly, improving the working environment for employees, to improve environmental education and public awareness to the people. The existing technologies need to be updated to minimize liquid wastes produced. Recycling and re-use of liquid wastes and adoption of cleaner or low liquid waste technologies should be emphasized. To date there is no policy for liquid waste management at the national level, thus the government should formulate a liquid waste management policy accompanied by the enabling legislation, to regulate the operations in liquid waste management.
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    Community perceptions on climate change effect and household food security in Karatu District, Tanzania
    (Mzumbe University, 2019) Kyusilu, Jacqueline
    This study assessed community perceptions on the effects of climate change and household food security in Karatu District, Tanzania. Climate change is leading to occurrence of events like precipitation and temperature changes, strong winds and occurrence of pests and diseases which have negative effects to crops growth. The study specific objectives were to examine community perception on climate change, to determine the effects of climate change on household food security, to determine the adaptation measures applied towards the effects of climate change to household food security and to examine the mitigation measures applied by household to reduce the impacts of climate change. Data were obtained through interview with key informants from the government, and a questionnaire used to interview households from small scale farmers of Ganako and Rhotia Wards in Karatu District Council. The findings show that community perceived there was changes in precipitation and temperature, occurrence of strong winds and emergency of weeds and insects destroying food crops. Perception of most of the respondents was that climate changes were due to anthropogenic causes and their effects led to the decline of food production and the status of food security to most of the household is low. The adaptation measures applied for climate change effects, were the adaptation of good farming methods that help to raise food production. Mitigation measures applied were raising awareness on environmental protection and conservation to reduce impacts of climate change in order to decrease the effects of climate change to household food security. The anthropogenic climate change effects led to food insecurity, although there were different adaptation and mitigation measures applied to address effects of climate change to food security but the results are not remarkable. Thus, it is important for the government and stakeholders to study community perception on climate change effects, to understand community challenges related to climate effects to household food security, and the findings can be used to improve national policies and viii legislations related to climate change and food security, like climate change strategy in Tanzania.
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    An assessment of beach management units in combating illegal fishing in Lake Victoria, Tanzania: a case of Bukoba district
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Kashililika, Edwin Wakisa
    The study is about an assessment of the Beach Management Units in combating illegal fishing with specific reference to Bukoba District. The aim of the study was to identify factors leading to ineffective performance of Beach Management Units in combating illegal fishing in Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Ninety-six (96) respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaires also information collected from a fishery official at District and Regional level by focused group discussion. Descriptive data were analyzed by the descriptive analysis method and SPSS 20 version and presented in frequencies. The findings revealed that the performance of the BMUs is poor because of, lack of boats for patrol (fishery patrol vessel), lack of source of revenue, difficult to get information about illegal fishing, BMUs leaders were found to be part of illegal fishing, also intimidation to BMUs’ leaders by big fishers who practiced illegal fishing and lastly voluntarism nature of work demoralizes the BMUs leaders to concentrate in combating illegal fishing. Given the above-mentioned reasons fueling illegal fishing, this study recommends local and Central Government to support the BMUs to improve its performance to achieve the sustainable and equitable exploitation of fishery resources. The basic support recommended include: Adequate funds to support their operations including the purchase of the fishery patrol vessel, awareness raising/sensitization to local authorities and community living along Lake Victoria shores on the importance of these Community-Based Organizations in combating illegal fishing, the impact of illegal fishing and how to provide information to the BMUs leadership about illegal fishing.