Economics (FSS)

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    Contribution of horticulture farming on smallholder farmers income and food security in Tanzania : A case of Arumeru district
    (Mzumbe University, 2020) Loishoo, Likinjiye
    Horticultural farming is a most and potential agricultural sub-sector which contributes to the income of smallholder farmers and also acess to food security. Tanzania is among of the countries in the world where horticulture farming growing and contributes to the income generation and access to food security to small farmers. This study intended to assess the contribution of horticulture farming to smallholder farmer’s income and food security in four selected wards atArumeru district in Tanzania. Purposely the study aimed at examine the role of horticulture farming to smallholder farmer’s income and food security, determinants of small farmer’s participation to horticulture farming and describe the challenges that hinders the performance of horticulture farming in Arumerudistrict.The study used cross sectional research design in data collection while purposive sampling was used in selection of wards and horticultural small farmerswith the sample size of 210. The primary data were collected by using interview and questionnaires and few data on secondary were obtained from horticulture stakeholders such as TAHA and HODECT. The analysis of data done by using multiple linear regression, probit and ordered probit model in relation to the specific objectives. The study found that; marital status, employed and self employed farmer, land size, farming experience, household size and access to credit are statistically significant influencing small farmer’s income from horticulture farming. For probit model; land size, employed and self-employed and land size were statistically significant to determine farmer’s participation and lastly ordered probit where marital status, self employed, land size and membership of a farmer to farming group were found to be statistically significant on influencing food security. Lastly the study recommended on agricultural policy reforms and strategies as measures to be implemented by the government and other horticultural farming stakeholders towards improvement and sustainability of horticulture farming to smallholder farmers in the country. These includes provision of agricultural subsidies ( fertilizers, seeds and pests), Market extension and access to credits.
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    Contribution of horticulture farming on smallholder farmers’ income and food security in Tanzania: A case of Arumeru district
    (Mzumbe University, 2020) Loishoo, Likinjiye
    Horticultural farming is a most and potential agricultural sub-sector which contributes to the income of smallholder farmers and also access to food security. Tanzania is among of the countries in the world where horticulture farming growing and contributes to the income generation and access to food security to small farmers. This study intended to assess the contribution of horticulture farming to smallholder farmer’s income and food security in four selected wards at Arumeru district in Tanzania. Purposely the study aimed at examine the role of horticulture farming to smallholder farmer’s income and food security, determinants of small farmer’s participation to horticulture farming and describe the challenges that hinders the performance of horticulture farming in Arumeru district. The study used cross sectional research design in data collection while purposive sampling was used in selection of wards and horticultural small farmers with the sample size of 210. The primary data were collected by using interview and questionnaires and few data on secondary were obtained from horticulture stakeholders such as TAHA and HODECT. The analysis of data done by using multiple linear regression, probit and ordered probit model in relation to the specific objectives. The study found that; marital status, employed and self-employed farmer, land size, farming experience, household size and access to credit are statistically significant influencing small farmer’s income from horticulture farming. For probit model; land size, employed and self-employed and land size were statistically significant to determine farmer’s participation and lastly ordered probit where marital status, self-employed, land size and membership of a farmer to farming group were found to be statistically significant on influencing food security. Lastly the study recommended on agricultural policy reforms and strategies as measures to be implemented by the government and other horticultural farming stakeholders towards improvement and sustainability of horticulture farming to smallholder farmers in the country. These includes provision of agricultural subsidies (fertilizers, seeds and pests), Market extension and access to credits.
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    Climate change, food security, and diarrhoea prevalence nexus in Tanzania
    (Humanities and Social Sciences Communications., 2024) Kitole, Felician A.; Mbukwa, Justine N.; Tibamanya, Felister Y.; Sesabo , Jennifer K.
    The impact of climate change on food security and public health has hindered poverty reduction efforts in developing nations, including Tanzania, resulting in the impoverishment of millions and compromising both health and food production. To unravel these complex interactions, rigorous scientific research is indispensable. Leveraging three waves of the Agriculture Sample Census (2002/03, 2007/08, 2019/20), this study meticulously examines the interplay between climate change, food security, and diarrhoea prevalence in Tanzania. Employing Instrumental Variable Probit and Control Function Approach models to address endogeneity and heterogeneity, temperature anomalies serve as instrumental variables. The findings reveal a substantial impact of climate change on both food security (−0.331142, p < 0.01) and diarrhoea incidence (0.214602, p < 0.01). These results signify that climate change places significant stress on food security, rendering households more susceptible to insecurities, and heightens health concerns through increased diarrhoea prevalence. This underscores the urgency of prioritizing public health and well-being through an agricultural lens in climate change mitigation. A comprehensive strategy is imperative, entailing a synergy of sustainable agricultural practices, robust public health interventions, and targeted policies to fortify the adaptive capacity of communities. Special emphasis should be placed on cultivating climate-resilient agricultural systems, ensuring food security, and implementing health programs tailored to address the unique challenges posed by climate-induced factors. Moreover, community engagement and awareness initiatives play a pivotal role in fostering a collective understanding and commitment to sustainable practices, contributing to the overall resilience of societies amidst the challenges of climate change
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    Digitalization and agricultural transformation in developing countries: Empirical evidence from Tanzania agriculture sector
    (Smart Agricultural Technology, 2024) Kitole, Felician A.; Mkuna Eliaza; Sesabo, Jennifer K.
    Agribusiness can potentially increase value for agriculture and the entire value chain, but it is hard to achieve these goals without digitalizing the sector. The transformation reforms modern technology and digital infrastructure adoption to facilitate growth and inclusively. These conditions make the agricultural digitization transformation more appealing. Therefore, using a survey of 400 smallholder farmers in four regions of Rukwa, Ruvuma, Morogoro and Tabora, this study examines the interplay between digitization and agriculture transformation in Tanzania by focusing on the determinants and effects of digitization on smallholder farmers' welfare. The study used the double hurdle model to estimate the determinants and extent of digitization adoption; the Two-stage least square (2SLS) and the Control function approach (CFA) to estimate its effects on smallholder farmers' welfare. The findings revealed that access to credit (0.17428, p < 0.01), extension services (0.52884, p < 0.01), education and government support (0.10922, p < 0.05) are key determinants for agricultural digitization. Moreover, digitization was found to influence smallholder farmers' welfare significantly. The benefits of digitization across smallholder farmers in all regions were observed in enhancing extension services (76.50 %), pest management (71.25 %), and accessibility of the market information (72.25 %), enhance an access to financial services (74.75 %). In sum, to promote digital technology adoption among smallholder farmers, policymakers in Tanzania and developing nations should prioritize financial inclusion through tailored microfinance programs, educational initiatives must integrate digital literacy, enhance extension services, subsidized technology access, and encouraging public-private partnerships to create incentives for sustainable agricultural development.