Dissertations (Masters)-HME-SOPAM

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2015 - 20193

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    Assessment of quality of PMTCT service provided to HIV positive women and their HIV exposed infants in the Iringa District Council
    (Mzumbe University, 2015) Kisika Firma Ambrose
    This study was conducted to assess the quality of PMTCT services provided to HIV positive woman and their HIV exposed infants following the challenges of increasing dropouts. Specific objectives of the study were: to assess the input factors and their effects on the perceived quality to the satisfaction of the clients; and to assess the process factors and their effects on the perceived quality to the satisfaction of the clients. The study employed cross-sectional and descriptive designs in which data collection methods were questionnaire, in-depth interview, observation and documentary analysis. Data was analysed using Atlas it and SPSS version 16. The study findings revealed presence of some supplies and facilities requited for the provision of PMTCT services. However, it has been found that there are gaps/deficiencies in the structure, process and outcome that requited for providing PMTCT services. The study indicated that about half of the respondents had different views, both negative and positive, on the quality of PMTCT they received due to deficiencies in structural and process attributes that resulted in dissatisfaction. The study further showed deficiencies in structural attributes, in which majority of health care providers are not trained in PMTCT services, whereas it has been found that there is stock out of basic drugs for prevention of opportunistic infection. The study had opinions from CHMT concerning the problem of poor implementation at PMTCT services. The most and commonest problem is inadequate supervision. Further analysis indicated gaps in the process, where the majority of midwives demonstrated poor skills in counselling, whereas about half did not gather information. With regard to client provider interaction as they were not involved in the discussion. The study also revealed that none of the midwives used guidelines during provision of PMTCT services. In relation to history taking, it was observed that the majority of midwives did not obtain history and those few who attempted it came out with incomplete history. Almost all women and their HIV exposed infants were not examined. It is concluded that PMTCT services providers in Iringa District are poor quality.
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    Perception and experiences of young key population on provision of responsive services for men who have sex with men & female sex workers: A case of pasada project, Dar es salaam Tanzania.
    (Mzumbe university, 2016) Shayo, John Ambrose
    Present disparities in access to HIV services among KPs are significant. Stigma and discrimination, violence, disciplinary harassment by police and social environments are major issues which fuel increased HIV vulnerability among KPs, thus availability, access, and uptake of HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support for MSM, sex workers and their clients are limited. In response to the problem both local and international NGOs collaborated in initiating and implementing a responsive programme for KPs in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. PASADA, PSI and the Government of Tanzania implement a programme with a focus on providing care and treatment services to MSM and FSWs in Dar Es Salaam. A descriptive qualitative study using in depth interviews and focus group discussions were employed. Seven KPs (Four MSM, three FSWs) were enrolled for in depth interviews and one FGD conducted with peers of KPs. Three service providers were recruited for in-depth interviews from PASADA clinic centre. We used Andersen’s Behavioral Models for vulnerable populations and a framework for Monitoring and Evaluation for marginalized populations as a framework to interpret on the perceptions and experiences on health seeking and influences on the provision of services by health providers for KPs The results highlight on the concerns of service providers lack of skills and low motivation related to the provision of services to KPs. KPs demonstrated awareness and knowledge of the comprehensive responsive services and issues which hinder accessibility. There was general unawareness of Hepatitis B and C, vaccination and appropriate prevention information among the group. The qualitative study underscores the significance of information on both HIV risks and acceptable, effective HIV prevention options for MSM and FSWs. Learning and skills development should be available to the wider KPs community. Drop-centre interventions may be excellence sites to address health problems experienced by MSM and FSWs.
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    Outcome evaluation of micro credit scheme saving and internal lending community intervention from people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Magu District
    (Mzumbe University, 2019) Iriya, Lucy C
    Background and rationale: HIV/AIDS has caused negative impacts on livelihoods including socio-economic problem, food insecurity and increased number of orphans among Sub Saharan countries including Tanzania. Following this, TAZAMA, the project operated under the Tanzania National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) initiated the so called Microfinance schemes with the main objective to mitigate the negative impact of HIV/AIDS among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) and vulnerable populations in rural areas. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of microfinance Saving Internal Lending Community (SILC) intervention under TAZAMA project to the living standard of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Kisesa, Bujora and Bukandwe in Magu district within Mwanza city Tanzania Methods: Analytical cross-section study design was used which adapted mixed research methods; both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. About 119 participants aged 18 years old and above, PLHIV and beneficiaries of the SILC programme in Magu District suburb of Kisesa, Bujora and Bukandwe wards were enrolled for the study. Both self-administered questionnaires and interviews were used for data collection. STATA Statistical Software Package and ATLAS.ti V. 7 were used for data analysis. Inferential t-test and chi-squire test were used; also descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were presented in form of tables, figures and graphs. Results: The findings revealed that the majority of PLHIV had manage to save and receive credit through SILC groups, all beneficiaries of PLHIV manage to start entrepreneur activities after joining SILC groups such as horticulture, shops ,transportation (bodaboda) and tailoring. Also, the findings show SILC members were able to increase meal intake and increased food stock. About success of SILC programme results shows PLHIV in improving their Living standard by owning assets and business. Statistically, there is significance difference on Ox-plough farm equipment before loan and after loan at P-value of 0.0095 Conclusion: The scheme has been positively impacted to PLHIV through operational SILC groups by saving and receiving microcredit. It had improved lives of the PLHIV in the three wards in Magu district and therefore, the Government and other stakeholders should allocate resources to scale-up SILC initiatives to other areas of Magu District and beyond to cover unmet needs of PLHIV since the project did not cover the entire community of people who are living with HIV/AIDS.