Browsing by Author "Mkuna, Eliaza"

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    Determinants of household food expenditure in Tanzania: Implications on food security
    (Agriculture &Food Security, 2024) Ndakije Furaha R.; Sesabo,Jennifer K.; Lihawa, Robert M.; Mkuna, Eliaza
    Food expenditure in developing countries particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa constitutes about 65–70% of total household expenditure. Existing literature on the determinants of household food expenditure in developing countries have mixed results. Thus, this study aimed at examining the determinants of household food expenditure in Tanzania and their implications on food security using country representative data from the 2017/18 household budget survey. The Two-Stage least squares (2SLS) regression analysis was used as method of analysis. Results show that, on average, monthly household food expenditure in Tanzania is about TZS 159,072.80(≈ US $ 69.2). Food expenditure exhibited a non-linear relationship with age of household head with income elasticity of 0.72%. Expenditure also increases with household size, household head sex, education, asset ownership, group membership and marital status while being located in rural areas is negatively associated with food expenditure. To increase household’s food expenditure with dietary diversity for improved health, strategies aiming at improving household income, family planning, gender equity, education and social cohesion are important which will further increase household’s food security.
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    East Africa Community (EAC) non-tariff barriers and their effects on Tanzanian small and medium agro enterprises cross border trade
    (Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Mkuna, Eliaza
    This study was done to assess the East Africa Community (EAC) Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) and their effects on Tanzanian small and medium agro enterprises (SMAEs) engaged in EAC cross border trade. Specific objectives were; to describe the structure and characteristics of Tanzanian SMAEs; to examine determinants of Tanzanian SMAEs engagement in EAC cross border trade, to identify NTBs that affect Tanzanian SMAE’s engaged in the EAC cross Border trade; and, to analyze the effect of identified NTBs on Tanzanian SMAEs trading in the EAC cross border trade. Both secondary and primary data were collected from Arusha, Mwanza, and Kagera. The number of respondents who comprised owners of SMAEs was 105 for those who were trading locally within the country, and 105 for those who were engaged in the EAC cross border trade. Agricultural goods selected were maize, beans and rice as major crops traded within the EAC region. Descriptive Statistics and Binary Logistic linear regression model were used to examine determinants and characteristics of Tanzania SMAEs engaged in EAC cross border trade. Costs and Benefit Analysis method was used to ascertain the projected Net Present Value between exporting agricultural products to EAC countries and trading similar products within the country , and to analyze the effect of NTBs. The results indicate that SMAEs engaged in EAC cross border trade are affected by 26 % of additional transport costs resulting from NTBs. However, there are potential benefits to be earned by SMAEs engaged in cross border trade if NTBs are reduced. Major recommendations are as follows; i) Government and private institutions should decentralize to help in registering and monitoring Agribusiness sector at regional and district level and help to abolish NTBs ii) Increase the pace of harmonizing the trading procedures and policies in the EAC region to assist in smoothing trade activities
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    Social life cycle assessment in solar dryer house for postharvest loss management technology: Application of UNEP / SETAC in Tanzania
    (Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Kuwait Chapter), 2024) Sungau, Joseph; Mkuna, Eliaza; Abeid, Ashiraf; Lyakurwa, Felichesmi; Manouchehr, Shokri
    Social Life Cycle Assessment is inherently an extension of sustainability assessment that is limited to environmental and economic pillars. Social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) on the other hand is a methodology used to cover the social aspects of sustainability. This article integrates three pillars of sustainability; economy, environment and society on Solar Dryer House technology for reduction of post-harvest losses. The purpose of the article is to examine the extent of sustainability of Solar Dryer House technology by exploring the environmental, economic and social pillars. A textual analysis was undertaken on United Nations Environment Program/Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (UNEP-SETAC) Life Cycle Initiative to examine the social life cycle assessment of SDH manufacturing technology on major categories of producers, workers, distributors, consumers. Analysis of social indicators were developed with the scoring system to describe the potential positive and negative social impacts on related stakeholders within life cycle stages. Lack of clarity in conceptualizing of UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle Initiative to examine the social life cycle assessment of SDH manufacturing technology limit the application of sustainability assessment on manufacturing technologies in Tanzania. Social Life Cycle Assessment supports social and labour policies as well as Sustainable Development Goal 8 which entails that people should have jobs that pay decently to support their livelihoods while other social welfare aspects and labour rights are considered. Manufacturing technologies that adhere to S-LCA principles guarantee sustainability.