Institute of Development Studies

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End date: 2019Subject: search.filters.subject.environment

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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    The effects of informal settlements on environmental management in Temeke Municipality
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Mwamhanga, Evaristo Benitho
    This study examined the effects of informal settlements on environmental management. Specifically, it aimed at identification of the socioeconomic effects of informal settlements on environmental management, examination of community role in environmental management in informal settlements and determination on the strategies that will improve environmental management in the study area. The study was conducted in Temeke Municipality and Keko ward in particular. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires while secondary data were collected through interview. The study involved 102 respondents in which 95 were household respondents and 7 were key informants. Data collected were subjected to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), multiple response and Chi-square for analysis. The study findings revealed that, socioeconomic effects of informal settlements have contributed negatively to environmental management. It was found that community role was ineffective to manage environments in informal settlements. It was further disclosed that environmental education, provision of environmental infrastructure and implementation of bylaws were found to be appropriate strategies for better environmental management in Temeke Municipality. Based on the study findings, it is concluded that, the Temeke Municipality Council should prepare an effective municipal environmental policy to address environmental problems occurring in informal settlements. Strategies such as provision of environmental education, public and private sector partnership creation of dumping sites and adequate supply of facilities for environmental management through clearly organized programmes, plans and projects should be used to improve the sustainability of environmental resources at the household, Streets and Ward with an emphasis of reversing the negative effect of informal settlements on environmental resources. Finally, areas including environmental education and community participation in environmental management were suggested for further studies.
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    Governance instruments and liquid wastes management in urban industrial areas of Tanzania: a case of Morogoro textile industry
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Mwakaboko, Humphrey Donald
    This research aimed at examining how governance instruments are applied in managing liquid wastes, its efficiency and effectiveness in the Morogoro Textile Industry. A case study research design was used and eighty-three (83) respondents were interviewed by using questionnaires and participant observations. Data collected were presented using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, version 16) and analysed using percentages, graphs, and tables. The findings show that, the Morogoro textile industry does not implement all the governance instruments for waste management, the applied one is 48.3% recycling, 16.7% environmental regulation, 6.7% environmental policy and 28.3% environmental standards, and the liquid waste management system/programs adopted by the Morogoro textile industry were less effective and efficient. The findings show that, 60% of workers were not satisfied with the situation of liquid waste management practices in the industry and 28.3% were less satisfied and 11.7% were completely dissatisfied. About 75% of the community said that no any environmental education concerned liquid waste was provided to them, while 25% they do not recall if there was environmental education provided to them. This study recommends improving infrastructures of waste collection and treatment plant, adhering to the rules and regulations from NEMC, applying governance instruments properly, improving the working environment for employees, to improve environmental education and public awareness to the people. The existing technologies need to be updated to minimize liquid wastes produced. Recycling and re-use of liquid wastes and adoption of cleaner or low liquid waste technologies should be emphasized. To date there is no policy for liquid waste management at the national level, thus the government should formulate a liquid waste management policy accompanied by the enabling legislation, to regulate the operations in liquid waste management.
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    Community perceptions on climate change effect and household food security in Karatu District, Tanzania
    (Mzumbe University, 2019) Kyusilu, Jacqueline
    This study assessed community perceptions on the effects of climate change and household food security in Karatu District, Tanzania. Climate change is leading to occurrence of events like precipitation and temperature changes, strong winds and occurrence of pests and diseases which have negative effects to crops growth. The study specific objectives were to examine community perception on climate change, to determine the effects of climate change on household food security, to determine the adaptation measures applied towards the effects of climate change to household food security and to examine the mitigation measures applied by household to reduce the impacts of climate change. Data were obtained through interview with key informants from the government, and a questionnaire used to interview households from small scale farmers of Ganako and Rhotia Wards in Karatu District Council. The findings show that community perceived there was changes in precipitation and temperature, occurrence of strong winds and emergency of weeds and insects destroying food crops. Perception of most of the respondents was that climate changes were due to anthropogenic causes and their effects led to the decline of food production and the status of food security to most of the household is low. The adaptation measures applied for climate change effects, were the adaptation of good farming methods that help to raise food production. Mitigation measures applied were raising awareness on environmental protection and conservation to reduce impacts of climate change in order to decrease the effects of climate change to household food security. The anthropogenic climate change effects led to food insecurity, although there were different adaptation and mitigation measures applied to address effects of climate change to food security but the results are not remarkable. Thus, it is important for the government and stakeholders to study community perception on climate change effects, to understand community challenges related to climate effects to household food security, and the findings can be used to improve national policies and viii legislations related to climate change and food security, like climate change strategy in Tanzania.
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    The use of phytoremediation technology for abatement soil and groundwater pollution in Tanzania: opportunities and challenges
    (Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 2008) Mwegoha, William J. S.
    Contamination of soil and groundwater from anthropogenic sources is a major concern in many developing countries including Tanzania. Improper handling of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) in many urban centers in Tanzania has often resulted into gas emissions and generation of leachate, which pose threat to the environment. Additionally, the use of pesticides for agricultural purposes is on the increase because of the need to improve crop production and control of pests, weed infestation and insect outbreaks. As a consequence, pesticide use has caused adverse contamination in soils and waters. The potentially negative impacts of these pesticide stocks on humans and the environment are of major concern. To make the situation more challenging, the country has experienced a substantially fast growth of the mining sector in many parts of the country over the past ten years, which has resulted in reported soil and water pollution from acid mine drainage with elevated concentrations of heavy metals. It is estimated that more than 30% of the Tanzanians depend on groundwater as their source of water. Most of the conventional methods for environmental remediation of these sites are expensive and often poorly implemented or not implemented at all. Thus, there is a clear need to develop new cost effective and environmentally friendly clean-up methods to remediate the contaminated areas in Tanzania. Phytoremediation is a relatively new and promising technology that uses plants to degrade, stabilize, metabolize or sequester potentially toxic compounds from the environment. This paper is aimed at assessing the potential of phytoremediation as a low-cost alternative, but which has yet to be studied and used in Tanzania.
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    Citizens’ expectations towards the achievement of development policy goals in Zanzibar: A case of oil and gas exploration in Mjini district
    (Mzumbe University, 2018) Mussa, Omar Omar
    This study on citizens‟ expectations towards the achievement of development policy goals with respect to oil and gas exploration and was conducted in Mjini District of Unguja, Zanzibar. The study intended to identify the perceptions of ordinary citizens about the expected public benefits and anticipated challenges emanating from the exploration of oil and gas in their ordinary life. It also intended to compare citizens‟ expectations with the national policy arrangements in the oil and gas sector; and lastly to explore the policy options for harmonising citizens‟ expectations with documented development policy goals in the oil and gas sector. A cross-sectional research design was adopted to guide the whole study. The study used triangulation methods, thus adopting multiple data collection methods and data sources. The quantitative data were collected through administration of a structured questionnaire to 100 citizens. The questionnaire was supplemented by qualitative data collected from 10 key informants in order to enrich the quality of the study findings. Documentary review was also applied in collection of the secondary data that informed the study. The data collected using a questionnaire were coded and analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics software package and the frequency analysis outputs were subjected to further analysis by using Yeh‟s Index of Perception (YIP). This index was used to estimate the magnitude of citizens‟ expectations along a three-point Likert scale. Regarding the perception of the citizens about the expected public benefits emanating from the exploration of oil and gas in their ordinary life, the results showed that a greater proportion of the respondents expected good outcomes. The results also indicated that there was no perceived expectation that oil and gas exploration would result in liberation of the country from donor dependence. The results showed, that despite the good outcomes expected, a great proportion of the respondents anticipated development challenges might occur leading to political disappointment or relative depravation among citizens. The perceived expectation vi that oil and gas exploration would result in threat to the status of the environment and land grabbing was very high compared to other anticipated development challenges. With regard to comparison between citizens‟ expectations and national policy arrangement in oil and gas sector, the results showed that some of the citizens‟ expectations were in line with the documented development policy goals. This indicates the shared vision between the narrow interest of government and broad interest of the citizens leading to collective satisfaction. While some others were not in line with documented development policy goals, they indicate mismatch between the narrow interest of the government and broad interest of the citizens leading to relative deprivation. The study recommends the need to strengthen institutional framework (establishment of coordinating unit among different policies in oil and gas sectors) and adoption of the environmental mitigation strategies from the beginning of the process of exploration of oil and gas to the final stage and dissemination of the accurate information to citizens. Lastly, this study advocates the use of public choice and relative deprivation theories together to provide a good blend of research findings.
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    Contribution of sustainable street vending to municipal solid waste management in Tanzania: a case of Morogoro municipality
    (Mzumbe University, 2018) Apolo, Didas
    This study provides an over view on the contribution of sustainable street vending to the municipal solid waste management in Tanzania a case of Morogoro Municipality. The main objective of this study was to determine the contribution of sustainable street vending to municipal solid waste management in Tanzania. The specific objectives were to examine the perception of street vendors on municipal solid waste management in Morogoro Municipality, to assess strategies used by street vendors to mitigate solid waste production in Morogoro Municipality, to assess strategies used by the Municipal government to ensure Sustainable street vending for sustainable SWM in Morogoro Municipality and to determine street vendors involvement in solid waste management in Morogoro Municipality. Mixed methods research design was employed. Questionnaires, interview and observation methods were used in data collection. The study had a sample of 96 respondents from: street vendors, environmental officers, ward health officers and sweeper leaders. Probability and non-probability sampling were used in which quasi-simple random was used to obtain a sample of street vendors and purposive sampling was applied to obtain the key informants. Data were analyzed by using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative descriptive analysis was done using frequencies and percentage, while qualitative employed content analysis. The findings revealed that street venders were not willing to participate in municipal solid waste management due to their negative perception towards the municipal solid waste management. The majority of street venders were found to have low level of knowledge on solid waste management. They also, neither had ID nor license as a strategy that contributes to sustainable municipal solid waste management in Morogoro Municipality. The study findings contribute to the knowledge on how municipals can mobilize resources for sustainable solid waste management. The study recommended that knowledge on solid waste management should be provided to street vendors for the purpose of influencing them to participate in municipal solid waste management. Lastly municipal council should develop and implement well integrated solid waste management action plan by involving street vendors.