Institute of Development Studies

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A review of co-management interventions in the Lake Victoria Basin, Tanzania
(African Journals Online (AJOL), 2018) Mwegoha, William J. S.
This paper presents appraisal of Co-Management Interventions (CMI) focusing on their successes and challenges associated with the environmental and social aspects carried out as part of the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project, Phase Two (LVEMP-II) in Tanzania. A total of 23 sub-projects were appraised in accordance with the Environmental Management Act in four regions in Tanzania. The effectiveness of the appraisal process, including involvement of different parties, was assessed during the whole project cycle. Long delays in the process by the National Environment Management Council have often created a time conflict with the implementation schedule falling behind and delaying projects. Challenges relating to policy, regulatory and institutional issues for selected projects are discussed and recommendations for refining the assessment process are made.
An analysis of challenges facing folk development colleges in the southern highlands zone, Tanzania
(2013) Kalole, Josephine G
This study examined the challenges which faced the development of FDCs in the Southern Highland Zone of Tanzania. It was inspired by the fact that FDCs’ development was moving backward, and the challenges were less known. The study specifically identified the causes of the challenges facing FDCs, found out how the challenges facing FDCs in the southern highlands zone of Tanzania could be addressed, and explored measures for strengthening FDCs. The study used a cross-sectional research design with a sample of 36 respondents who were selected though convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected by using questionnaires, interviews, and documentary review methods. They were analyzed by using SPSS and Microsoft Word for text processing and editing. The study shows that inadequate facilities, poor infrastructure, shortage of qualified personnel, inadequate technological tools, and community’ negative attitude were the challenges which affected FDCs in the study areas. The effects of those challenges were lack of qualified teachers, poor teaching, dropouts, students’ poor performance, students’ failure, unwillingness to teach, teachers’ resignation, and hence bad reputation of FDCs. Measures such as enough budget allocation for FDCs, employing adequate qualified personnel, increasing facilities, involving stakeholders in planning, were proposed. There was also a need to strengthen FDCs through involving development partners, conducting fundraising activities, staff capacity building. Relevant recommendations are made.
An analysis of challenges facing folk development colleges in the Southern Highlands Zone, Tanzania
(Mzumbe Univesity, 2013) Kalole, Josephine G.
This study examined the challenges which faced the development of FDCs in the Southern Highland Zone of Tanzania. It was inspired by the fact that FDCs’ development was moving backward and the challenges were less known. The study specifically identified the causes of the challenges facing FDCs, found out how the challenges facing FDCs in the southern highlands zone of Tanzania could be addressed, and explored measures for strengthening FDCs. The study used a cross-sectional research design with a sample of 36 respondents who were selected though convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected by using questionnaires, interviews, and documentary review methods. They were analyzed by using SPSS and Microsoft Word for text processing and editing. The study shows that inadequate facilities, poor infrastructure, shortage of qualified personnel, inadequate technological tools, and community’ negative attitude were the challenges which affected FDCs in the study areas. The effects of those challenges were lack of qualified teachers, poor teaching, drop outs, students’ poor performance, students’ failure, unwillingness to teach, teachers’ resignation, and hence bad reputation of FDCs. Measures such as enough budget allocation for FDCs, employing adequate qualified personnel, increasing facilities, involving stakeholders in planning, were proposed. There was also a need to strengthen FDCs through involving development partners, conducting fundraising activities, staff capacity building. Relevant recommendations are made.
An analysis of challenges facing folk development colleges in the Southern Highlands zone, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kalole, Josephine G.
This study examined the challenges which faced the development of FDCs in the Southern Highland Zone of Tanzania. It was inspired by the fact that FDCs’ development was moving backward and the challenges were less known. The study specifically identified the causes of the challenges facing FDCs, found out how the challenges facing FDCs in the southern highlands zone of Tanzania could be addressed, and explored measures for strengthening FDCs. The study used a cross-sectional research design with a sample of 36 respondents who were selected though convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected by using questionnaires, interviews, and documentary review methods. They were analyzed by using SPSS and Microsoft Word for text processing and editing. The study shows that inadequate facilities, poor infrastructure, shortage of qualified personnel, inadequate technological tools, and community’ negative attitude were the challenges which affected FDCs in the study areas. The effects of those challenges were lack of qualified teachers, poor teaching, drop outs, students’ poor performance, students’ failure, unwillingness to teach, teachers’ resignation, and hence bad reputation of FDCs. Measures such as enough budget allocation for FDCs, employing adequate qualified personnel, increasing facilities, involving stakeholders in planning, were proposed. There was also a need to strengthen FDCs through involving development partners, conducting fundraising activities, staff capacity building. Relevant recommendations are made.
An assessment of beach management units in combating illegal fishing in Lake Victoria, Tanzania: A case of Bukoba district
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kashililika, Edwin W.
The study is about An Assessment of the Beach Management Units in combating illegal fishing with specific reference to Bukoba District. The aim of the study was to identify factors leading to ineffective performance of Beach Management Units in combating illegal fishing in Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Ninety six (96) respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaires also information collected from a fishery officials at District and Regional level by focused group discussion. Descriptive data were analyzed by the descriptive analysis method and SPSS 20 version and presented in frequencies. The findings revealed that the performance of the BMUs is poor because of, lack of boats for patrol (fishery patrol vessel), lack of source of revenue, difficult to get information about illegal fishing, BMUs leaders were found to be part of illegal fishing, also intimidation to BMUs’ leaders by big fishers who practiced illegal fishing and lastly voluntarism nature of work demoralizes the BMUs leaders to concentrate in combating illegal fishing. Given the above mentioned reasons fueling illegal fishing, this study recommends local and Central Government to support the BMUs to improve its performance to achieve the sustainable and equitable exploitation of fishery resources. The basic support recommended include: Adequate funds to support their operations including the purchase of the fishery patrol vessel, awareness raising/sensitization to local authorities and community living along Lake Victoria shores on the importance of these Community-Based Organizations in combating illegal fishing, the impact of illegal fishing and how to provide information to the BMUs leadership about illegal fishing
An Assessment of beach management units in combating illegal fishing in lake Victoria, Tanzania: A case of Bukoba district
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kashililika, Edwin W.
The study is about An Assessment of the Beach Management Units in combating illegal fishing with specific reference to Bukoba District. The aim of the study was to identify factors leading to the ineffective performance of Beach Management Units in combating illegal fishing in Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Ninety-six (96) respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaires also information collected from a fishery official at District and Regional level by focused group discussion. Descriptive data were analyzed by the descriptive analysis method and SPSS 20 version and presented in frequencies. The findings revealed that the performance of the BMUs is poor because of, the lack of boats for patrol (fishery patrol vessel), lack of source of revenue, and difficulty to get information about illegal fishing, BMUs leaders were found to be part of illegal fishing, also intimidation to BMUs’ leaders by big fishers who practised illegal fishing and lastly voluntarism nature of work demoralizes the BMUs leaders to concentrate in combating illegal fishing. Given the above-mentioned reasons fueling illegal fishing, this study recommends local and Central Governments to support the BMUs to improve their performance to achieve the sustainable and equitable exploitation of fishery resources. The basic support recommended includes Adequate funds to support their operations including the purchase of the fishery patrol vessel, awareness raising/sensitization to local authorities and community living along Lake Victoria shores on the importance of these Community-Based Organizations in combating illegal fishing, the impact of illegal fishing and how to provide information to the BMUs leadership about illegal fishing.
An assessment of beach management units in combating illegal fishing in Lake Victoria, Tanzania: a case of Bukoba district
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Kashililika, Edwin Wakisa
The study is about an assessment of the Beach Management Units in combating illegal fishing with specific reference to Bukoba District. The aim of the study was to identify factors leading to ineffective performance of Beach Management Units in combating illegal fishing in Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Ninety-six (96) respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaires also information collected from a fishery official at District and Regional level by focused group discussion. Descriptive data were analyzed by the descriptive analysis method and SPSS 20 version and presented in frequencies. The findings revealed that the performance of the BMUs is poor because of, lack of boats for patrol (fishery patrol vessel), lack of source of revenue, difficult to get information about illegal fishing, BMUs leaders were found to be part of illegal fishing, also intimidation to BMUs’ leaders by big fishers who practiced illegal fishing and lastly voluntarism nature of work demoralizes the BMUs leaders to concentrate in combating illegal fishing. Given the above-mentioned reasons fueling illegal fishing, this study recommends local and Central Government to support the BMUs to improve its performance to achieve the sustainable and equitable exploitation of fishery resources. The basic support recommended include: Adequate funds to support their operations including the purchase of the fishery patrol vessel, awareness raising/sensitization to local authorities and community living along Lake Victoria shores on the importance of these Community-Based Organizations in combating illegal fishing, the impact of illegal fishing and how to provide information to the BMUs leadership about illegal fishing.
An assessment of high human population density and its impacts on land resources in Moshi district council, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Alphonce, Emmanuel
This study attempted to assess the impacts of high human population density on land resources in Moshi District Council. Generally, other studies show that, developing countries experiencing the high demographic pressures while land resource to support the growth is fixed or limited and the mechanisms to adapt to, grow very slowly. Specifically, there is an extremely high human population density in areas around Kilimanjaro, especially in the Moshi District Council. This leads to land shortage that would be useful for agricultural production and infrastructure development, poor settlement planning, land use conflicts, land degradation, and serious environmental implications that can be linked to the increase of poverty level including lack of employment to the youth. This study used a case study design and sampling techniques based on purposive/non probability sampling and simple random sampling/probability sampling, while the sample size of a hundred respondents that was taken, was based on Nassiuma’s formula. The type and source of data were entirely on primary and secondary sources related to the study topic studied. The methods of data collection based on, written questionnaires/structured interview for key informants and field respondents, field observation of human settlement arrangement and cultivation areas. The documentary technique based on, written sources/secondary sources i.e. related reports, population census, books, and internet. Finally, the data were analyzed and presented with descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency, graphs and tables. This was done by using the Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16. Microsoft Excel was used to produce charts and graphs and Microsoft Word was used in compiling and writing up the reports.
An assessment of high human population density and its impacts on land resources in Moshi district council, Tanzania
(Mzumbe Unversity, 2013) Alphonce, Emmanuel
This study attempted to assess the impacts of high human population density on land resources in Moshi District Council. Generally, other studies show that, developing countries experiencing the high demographic pressures while land resource to support the growth is fixed or limited and the mechanisms to adapt to, grow very slowly. Specifically, there is an extremely high human population density in areas around Kilimanjaro, especially in the Moshi District Council. This leads to land shortage that would be useful for agricultural production and infrastructure development, poor settlement planning, land use conflicts, land degradation, and serious environmental implications that can be linked to the increase of poverty level including lack of employment to the youth. This study used a case study design and sampling techniques based on purposive/non probability sampling and simple random sampling/probability sampling, while the sample size of a hundred respondents that was taken, was based on Nassiuma’s formula. The type and source of data were entirely on primary and secondary sources related to the study topic studied. The methods of data collection based on, written questionnaires/structured interview for key informants and field respondents, field observation of human settlement arrangement and cultivation areas. The documentary technique based on, written sources/secondary sources i.e. related reports, population census, books, and internet. Finally, the data were analysed and presented with descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency, graphs and tables. This was done by using the Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16. Microsoft Excel was used to produce charts and graphs and Microsoft Word was used in compiling and writing up the reports.
An assessment of high human population density and its impacts on land resources in Moshi district council, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Alphonce, Emmanuel
This study attempted to assess the impacts of high human population density on land resources in Moshi District Council. Generally, other studies show that, developing countries experiencing the high demographic pressures while land resource to support the growth is fixed or limited and the mechanisms to adapt to, grow very slowly. Specifically, there is an extremely high human population density in areas around Kilimanjaro, especially in the Moshi District Council. This leads to land shortage that would be useful for agricultural production and infrastructure development, poor settlement planning, land use conflicts, land degradation, and serious environmental implications that can be linked to the increase of poverty level including lack of employment to the youth. This study used a case study design and sampling techniques based on purposive/non probability sampling and simple random sampling/probability sampling, while the sample size of a hundred respondents that was taken, was based on Nassiuma’s formula. The type and source of data were entirely on primary and secondary sources related to the study topic studied. The methods of data collection based on, written questionnaires/structured interview for key informants and field respondents, field observation of human settlement arrangement and cultivation areas. The documentary technique based on, written sources/secondary sources i.e. related reports, population census, books, and internet. Finally, the data were analysed and presented with descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency, graphs and tables. This was done by using the Statistic Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16. Microsoft Excel was used to produce charts and graphs and Microsoft Word was used in compiling and writing up the reports.
Analysing the effectiveness of the proposed child protection system model in preventing and responding to violence against children in Temeke district, Tanzania
(Mzumbe university, 2015) Kayoza, Harold K.
Generally, the study intended to analyse the effectiveness of the proposed child protection system model in preventing and responding to violence against children. The study was conducted at Temeke District. The objectives of the study were; to examine 3 the status of violence against children in Temeke District, to assess the implementation of Child Protection System Model (CPSM), to identify the extent to which the child protection system model has been effective and to examine challenges in implementing the child protection system model. The case study research design was used whereas a sample of 40 respondents was used in collecting data. Primary data was collected through questionnaire and interview guide while secondary data was collected through documentary analysis. The study found that, there are 54 cases that are recorded from July 2013 to June 2014. The study found that, the number of recorded cases dropped from 3 to 2 cases in July and September respectively. In October the number of recorded cases increases to 11 cases. Also, the study found that, there are different types of VAC in Temeke District. Moreover, the study found that, the large number of the respondents identified mental impairment as a major effect facing victims. The major effects facing victims involve; death, aggressive behavior and physical impairment. The study concludes that child protection system model has been effective for some extent. Although significant steps have been taken to improve child protection system model for the protection of the rights of children in the piloted areas in Tanzania, the study recommends that there is a need to improve the effectiveness of the child protection system model, this requires accountability and transparency, good laws and policies cannot protect children unless all duty bearers are held accountable to them.
Analysing the effectiveness of the proposed child protection system model in preventing and responding to violence against children in Temeke district, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Kayoza, Harold K.
Generally, the study intended to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed child protection system model in preventing and responding to violence against children. The study was conducted at Temeke District. The objectives of the study were; to examine 3 the status of violence against children in Temeke District, to assess the implementation of Child Protection System Model (CPSM), to identify the extent to which the child protection system model has been effective and to examine challenges in implementing the child protection system model. The case study research design was used whereas a sample of 40 respondents was used in collecting data. Primary data was collected through questionnaire and interview guide while secondary data was collected through documentary analysis. The study found that, there are 54 cases that are recorded from July 2013 to June 2014. The study found that, the number of recorded cases dropped from 3 to 2 cases in July and September respectively. In October the number of recorded cases increases to 11 cases. Also, the study found that, there are different types of VAC in Temeke District. Moreover, the study found that, the large number of the respondents identified mental impairment as a major effect facing victims. The major effects facing victims involve; death, aggressive behavior and physical impairment. The study concludes that child protection system model has been effective for some extent. Although significant steps have been taken to improve child protection system model for the protection of the rights of children in the piloted areas in Tanzania, the study recommends that there is a need to improve the effectiveness of the child protection system model, this requires accountability and transparency, good laws and policies cannot protect children unless all duty bearers are held accountable to them.
Analysing the effectiveness of the proposed child protection system model in preventing and responding to violence against children in Temeke District, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Kayoza, Harold K.
Generally, the study intended to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed child protection system model in preventing and responding to violence against children. The study was conducted at Temeke District. The objectives of the study were; to examine 3 the status of violence against children in Temeke District, to assess the implementation of Child Protection System Model (CPSM), to identify the extent to which the child protection system model has been effective and to examine challenges in implementing the child protection system model. The case study research design was used whereas a sample of 40 respondents was used in collecting data. Primary data was collected through questionnaire and interview guide while secondary data was collected through documentary analysis. The study found that, there are 54 cases that are recorded from July 2013 to June 2014. The study found that, the number of recorded cases dropped from 3 to 2 cases in July and September respectively. In October the number of recorded cases increases to 11 cases. Also, the study found that, there are different types of VAC in Temeke District. Moreover, the study found that, the large number of the respondents identified mental impairment as a major effect facing victims. The major effects facing victims involve; death, aggressive behavior and physical impairment. The study concludes that child protection system model has been effective for some extent. Although significant steps have been taken to improve child protection system model for the protection of the rights of children in the piloted areas in Tanzania, the study recommends that there is a need to improve the effectiveness of the child protection system model, this requires accountability and transparency, good laws and policies cannot protect children unless all duty bearers are held accountable to them.
“Analysis of the resistance to change towards the establishment of Max Malipo: Case study of Maxcom Africa Company Limited, Kinondoni district
(2015) Kelvin, John
This study was about the analysis of resistance to the use of Max Malipo. Precisely, the purpose of the study was to investigate and assess the extent to the resistance of introduction of Max Malipo. Thus the researcher came up an issue as the problem which triggered him to select the topic where businessmen abandoned and others decided not to use those devices. The study involved a sample of 72 respondents who are using Max Malipo and a number of 20 staffs and 4 head of selected departments in Maxcom Africa Company which make a total of 96 respondents who were participated in the study. Different methods were used to collect information; this includes questionnaires, Observation and interviews for primary data and documental review for secondary data. The data collected have been analysed by using both qualitative and quantitative methods thoroughly and results were presented and summarized in tables, percentages and charts. Findings indicated that many respondents were aware about Max Malipo. They revealed that the reason for the establishment of Max Malipo was for the sake of collecting tax through electronic means. Findings showed that an organization faced a lot of challenges after establishment of Max Malipo. With an emergence/ presence of competitors, no track record, unawareness of the users and the problem of network being the challenges. The study also revealed that Maxcom Company employs different measures. These were public awareness campaign via radio, television and magazines, participation in events like Sabasaba, Corporate social responsibility, and training agents to educate clients. The researcher concluded by recommending that negotiation and agreement should be used and group interaction should be encouraged. Also the researcher revealed that one of the best ways to get your employees to stop resisting change is to simply talk to them about it.
Applicability of information and communication technologies in enriching curriculum implementation in selected teachers colleges in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Noyi, Said
This study investigated the applicability of Information and Communication Technologies in enriching curriculum implementation in teachers' colleges in Mara Regions in Tanzania. The study specifically examined the extent to which the ICT is applied by tutors in the teaching and learning process in TCs, identifies the challenges facing tutors when applying ICT in the teaching and learning process in TCs and establishes the strategies for effective use of ICT by tutors in the teaching and learning process in TCs. A total of 46 participants from one diploma teachers college and grade A teachers college were used. The sample category involved 2 principals, 2 heads of ICT departments, 2 academic deans obtained through purposive sampling and 40 tutors obtained through simple random sampling. The study employed exploratory research designs, while the research approach involved qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The data were gathered through closed-ended questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, observation and documentary review. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative data was analysed by using SPSS version sixteen descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation was used to present data. Qualitative data was analysed by using thematic and content methods and presented by statements. The findings show that the tutors' ICT applications are commonly applied while the rest are not because of a lack of ICT knowledge or skills and infrastructure support. Major problems faced were personal or college based such as insufficiency in ICT knowledge and skills, lack of technical support and inadequacy of ICT facilities. Strategies to be applied should be personal-based, college based and ministry based. Study recommendations were based on teachers' colleges including principals of the college, academic deans, heads of ICT departments and tutors and the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training including teacher's departments and ICT units. Additionally, there is a need to review Education and Training Policy (ETP) of 1995 to accommodate changes in time that are occurring everywhere in the world.
Applicability of information and communication technologies in enriching curriculum implementation in selected teachers colleges in Tanzania
(Mzumbe Unversity, 2013) Noyi, Said
This study investigated the applicability of Information and Communication Technologies in enriching curriculum implementation in teachers colleges in Mara Regions in Tanzania. The study specifically examined the extent to which the ICT is applied by tutors in teaching and learning process in TCs, identifies the challenges facing tutors when applying ICT in the teaching and learning process in TCs and establishes the strategies for effective use of ICT by tutors in the teaching and learning process in TCs. A total of 46 participants from one diploma teachers colleges and grade A teachers college were used. The sample category involved 2 principals, 2 heads of ICT departments, 2 academic deans obtained through purposive sampling and 40 tutors obtained through simple random sampling. The study employed exploratory research designs, while the research approach involved qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The data were gathered through closed ended questionnaires, semi structured interviews, observation and documentary review. Data were analysed through quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitatively data analysed by using SPSS version sixteen descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation was used to present data. Qualitatively data was analysed by using thematic and content methods and presented by statements. The findings show that the tutors ICT applications commonly applied while the rest not because of lack of ICT knowledge or skills and infrastructure support. Major problems faced were personal or college based such as insufficiency in ICT knowledge and skills, lack technical support and inadequacy of ICT facilities. Strategies to be applied should be personal based, college based and ministry based. Study recommendations were based to teachers colleges includes principals of the college, academic deans, heads of ICT departments and tutors and Ministry of Education and Vocational Training include teachers departments and ICT units. Additional, there is a need to review education and training Policy (ETP) of 1995 in order to accommodate changes in time that are occurring everywhere in the world.
Assessing implementation of Zanzibar forest policy (1999) on major reforestation challenges in North A District: The case of Jongowe and Mkokotoni Shehias
(2015) Haji, Mwadin
The study designed to assess the implementation of the National Forest Policy for Zanzibar (1999). The focus was to assess major reforestation challenges in North "A” district – Zanzibar including the community's support of tree planting, other socio-economic effects on the program, the availability of seedlings, and perception about the program. Data were collected from a sample of 90 community members and 1 Forest District Officer, 1 Assistant Planning Officer and 2 She has from the selected village in the district. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, charts and tables were used. The key finding of the study shows that the community was supported in some areas on tree planting but that this was not enough. Also, people have positive perception on tree planting but there was poor community participation in tree planting meetings and programmes, shortage of land for planting trees, difficulty in obtaining tree seedlings and shortage of extension services. The study concluded that the tree planting campaigns will not be successful to the extent that people may not participate in those campaigns; more support is needed to enable the community to plant more trees; the efforts made to promote sustainable forest-related community activities were not effectively implemented; the size of land owned by the community in the study area was small; and it was difficult to obtain tree seedlings for the community. Policy implications are that there is the need, first, to have policy interventions to enable community to access enough land for tree planting; second, to provide adequate support to the community; third, to obtain relevant information concerning tree planting; and, fourth, to have laws and regulations that enable community to access land for forestation and to have knowledge and skills on production of tree seedlings and of forest in general
Assessing implementation of Zanzibar Forest Policy (1999) on major reforestation challenges in North “A” District: A case of Jongowe and Mkokotoni Shehias
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Mwadin, M. Haji
The study was designed to assess the implementation of the National Forest Policy for Zanzibar (1999). The focus was to assess major reforestation challenges in North “A” district – Zanzibar including the community‟s support of tree planting, other socio-economic effects on the program, the availability of seedlings, and perception about the program. Data were collected from a sample of 90 community members and 1 Forest District Officer, 1 Assistant Planning Officer and 2 Shehas from the selected village in the district. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, charts and tables were used. The key finding of the study shows that the community was supported in some areas on tree planting but that this was not enough. Also, people have positive perceptions of tree planting but there was poor community participation in tree planting meetings and programmes, a shortage of land for planting trees, difficulty in obtaining tree seedlings and a shortage of extension services. The study concluded that the tree planting campaigns will not be successful to the extent that people may not participate in those campaigns; more support is needed to enable the community to plant more trees; the efforts made to promote sustainable forest-related community activities were not effectively implemented; the size of land owned by the community in the study area was small; and it was difficult to obtain tree seedlings for the community. Policy implications are that there is the need, first, to have policy interventions to enable the community to access enough land for tree planting; second, to provide adequate support to the community; third, to obtain relevant information concerning tree planting; and, fourth, to have laws and regulations that enable the community to access land for forestation and to have knowledge and skills on the production of tree seedlings and of forest in general.
Assessing implementation of Zanzibar Forest Policy (1999) on major reforestation challenges in north ‘A’ district: A case of Jongowe and Mkokotoni Shehias
(Mzumbe University, 2015) Haji, Mwadini M.
The study designed to assess the implementation of the National Forest Policy for Zanzibar (1999). The focus was to assess major reforestation challenges in North “A” district – Zanzibar including the community‟s support of tree planting, other socio-economic effects on the program, the availability of seedlings, and perception about the program. Data were collected from a sample of 90 community members and 1 Forest District Officer, 1 Assistant Planning Officer and 2 Shehas from the selected village in the district. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, charts and tables were used. The key finding of the study shows that the community was supported in some areas on tree planting but that this was not enough. Also, people have positive perception on tree planting but there was poor community participation in tree planting meetings and programmes, shortage of land for planting trees, difficulty in obtaining tree seedlings and shortage of extension services. The study concluded that the tree planting campaigns will not be successful to the extent that people may not participate in those campaigns; more support is needed to enable the community to plant more trees; the efforts made to promote sustainable forest-related community activities were not effectively implemented; the size of land owned by the community in the study area was small; and it was difficult to obtain tree seedlings for the community. Policy implications are that there is the need, first, to have policy interventions to enable community to access enough land for tree planting; second, to provide adequate support to the community; third, to obtain relevant information concerning tree planting; and, fourth, to have laws and regulations that enable community to access land for forestation and to have knowledge and skills on production of tree seedlings and of forest in general.
Assessing the impact of computerized accounting system usage on organization performance in Tanzania: A case study on LGAs in Arusha region
(2018) Anaeli, adelisa
Information communication technology on computerized accounting system was intended to be effectively utilized in local governments to bring impact in the accounting and organization performance in LGA`s. This study aimed at assessing the impact of computerized accounting system usage on organization performance in Tanzania with special focus in local government authorities (LGA`s) in Arusha Region. The study used mainly primary data from 90 respondents selected using purposive sampling techniques. This study employed both descriptive analysis and regression analysis. A probit model was used to examine the relationship between computerized accounting system and organization performance. Under the descriptive analysis the study found that, all respondents surveyed in the LGAs use Computerized Accounting System. About 42% of respondents use Epicor in accounting system in organization, 30% use Excel, 21% use Tally, and the remaining 7% use Pastel. There was a significant difference in the means of the four groups of users of accounting systems with higher performance being associated with Epicor users. On the challenges encountered with the use of computerized accounting systems, it was found that 39% of respondents complained that CAS necessitate training to staff, 26% reported that computerized accounting system caused loss of data, 21% are challenged with the associated additional costs, and about 14% claimed it has resulted into wrong data entry. About 61 per cent of respondent reported that the organization is taking measures to overcome these challenges. In investigating the factors that are considered in choosing the accounting software, it was found that about 57% of respondents consider cost of training, 23% claimed initial cost of installation, and about 20% consider the acceptance by users. The Probit regression results indicate that, Marital Status, Education, Experience, Awareness, Training, Access to Use, and Other Use are significant factors influencing organization performance in LGAs in Arusha. This implies that government should capitalize in providing trainings to its employees to keep them updated with the changes in technology so as to achieve higher performance.