School of Business (SOB)

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Welcome to the School of Business (SoB) Community at Mzumbe University Institutional Repository. Explore a wealth of scholarly works, research publications, and intellectual contributions from the dynamic academic community within the School of Business. Our repository showcases a diverse range of research outputs, including articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, and more, reflecting the innovative and impactful research endeavors of our academic staff, researchers, and students. Discover cutting-edge insights in business administration, procurement and supply chain management, marketing , entrepreneurship, accounting and finance, and related disciplines. The SoB Community is committed to fostering knowledge dissemination, collaboration, and academic excellence. Whether you're a researcher, student, or enthusiast, delve into the wealth of knowledge generated by the School of Business community at Mzumbe University. Join us on a journey of exploration, discovery, and collaboration within the School of Business community's rich academic landscape. Stay informed, inspired, and connected through the diverse research contributions housed in our dedicated repository.

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Factors influencing management of procurement records in Tanzania: A survey of selected procuring entities
(Mzumbe University) Mohamed, B.M
Assessment of the determinants towards inventory control performance in public hospitals in Tanzania: A case of selected public hospitals in Dar es Salaam region
(Mzumbe University, 0201) Shadrack, Judith
This dissertation was about to analyze the determinants towards inventory control performance in public hospitals in Tanzania. The specific objectives were to examine medical stock storage systems for hospitals and their influence on inventory control performance, to assess the effect of staff competence on inventory control performance, and to establish the suppliers’ influence on performance of inventory control. The study was conducted in selected public hospitals located in Dar es Salaam region. From the population of 198 a sample of 99 respondents was obtained. The methods of data collection were questionnaire and interviews the selection techniques of the respondents were purposive sampling and simple random sampling. This study involved mixed strategies which were qualitative and quantitative analysis .From the study, it was observed that the engagement of medical stock storage system which influence inventory control performance were storage location, size of warehouse, warehouse layout. Due to analysis, the researcher found that medical storage systems have significantly influence on inventory control performance. However, the analysis showed that training for incoming employees and development for existing employees are important to any organization. The suppliers which brought about influence on inventory control were capability, and delivery influence. The analysis showed suppliers have insignificantly influence on inventory control performance. The recommendations are management should make sure that they have competent staff and develop them who are in-house so as to help in the running of the system. The public hospital and other organization should take an action to improve communication and information system to assist in monitoring of inventory especially between vendors and public hospitals. Also, Organizations should allow their employees to attend training provided by PSPTB so as to improves their staff professionalism and hence obtain value for money
Analysis of local dairy value chain for smallholder pastoralists in Simanjiro district, Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 0201) Sumuni, Catholic
The study aimed at analysis of local dairy value chain for smallholder pastoralists. The first objective was to identify the structure of local diary value chain and key actors’ roles. This study found that, the local dairy value chain in Simanjiro consist five (5) distinct stages, namely; input supply, milk production, trading, processing and consumption. The main actors in the dairy value chain were input suppliers, milk producers, milk traders, milk processors and milk consumers. The second objective was to explore chain strategies developed by chain actors in market milking. Results showed that; actors’ chain-strategies developed were; contractual agreement between pastoralists and milk buyers, actors often attending trainings on milk marketing, and pastoralists’ collective actions whereby benefits are accrued by being member of milk marketing groups. Third objective was to identify business challenges facing local dairy value chain actors in the study area. Findings revealed that, challenges identified to exist were; Seasonal fluctuations in milk availability, Livestock diseases, lack/few market channels for milk and milk products, poor cold chain infrastructures, facility breakdowns, quality aspects and low capacity of existing processing units. The conclusions attained through findings discussion recommended the following; Sensitize value chain concept as an economic tool to develop milk and milk products value chain, Improving efforts of milk producers on milk production and livestock management, and improvement of existing small scale milk processing units.
The learning experiences of batik and tie and dye small-scale exporters in Arusha and Dar es salaam, Tanzania
(African Clothing and Footwear Research Network, 2005) Rasheli, G. A; Mosha, Goodluck E.
This study used the Learning Organization theoretical framework. It aimed at looking at how tie and dye and batik entrepreneurs are learning to export their products in both regional and international markets. The units of enquiry in this qualitative research were small-scale batik and tie and dye garment producers as well as firms involved in production and export. Arusha and Dar es Salaam were selected as areas of study because of their activeness in batik and tie and dye business. Seven cases from each town were selected with the snowballing technique being used, where one respondent was asked to identify the other. Primary data was collected for analysis using a structured interview guide. The results showed that the more experienced entrepreneurs learn how to export more than the relatively inexperienced ones, and there were more women entrepreneurs than men. That exporting had more children and dependents than those who sold locally. They learn e d to export to g e t m o re income to support their families. The impact of education was not clear as entrepreneurs with different levels are involved in export. Most export to the East African region. Entrepreneurs learn to export by participating in exhibitions, promoting their business, dealing with intermediaries and training received in their former jobs, including UNIDO, SIDO, ADAT, Tabata Development Fund and Anglican Development Agency. They also learn through work experience, networking, export procedures, business employees and also through solving customers’ complaints. Local authorities in areas where the batik business is active should help in training these people on marketing especially regionally and internationally. NGOs dealing with entrepreneurship should focus their training on marketing issues instead of dealing with production only. Since the study is a qualitative one with a small sample, a further survey is needed to quantify the results to make more general conclusions.
Financial sustainability of rural microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Tanzania
(University of Greenwich (London), 2010) Nyamsogoro, G. Daniel
Abstract An enduring problem facing microfinance institutions is how to attain financial sustainability. Several studies have been conducted to determine the factors affecting financial sustainability of microfinance institutions using large and well developed MFIs in various countries. However, no such study has been conducted in rural Tanzania where majority of MFIs are small, most of which are member-based (cooperatives). Consequently, the factors affecting their financial sustainability are not known. This study, therefore, was set to bridge this knowledge gap. This study followed a quantitative research approach using panel data regression as the main data analysis technique. The study was based on four years primary and secondary data obtained from 98 sampled rural MFIs in Tanzania. We found that microfinance capital structure, interest rates charged, differences in lending type, cost per borrower, product type, MFI size, number of borrowers, yield on gross loan portfolio, level of portfolio at risk, liquidity level, staff productivity, and the operating efficiency affect the financial sustainability of rural microfinance institutions in Tanzania. The study makes the following key contributions to knowledge in addition to determining factors affecting financial sustainability of rural microfinance institutions in Tanzania: First, the study reveals that there exists simultaneous causality relationship between financial sustainability and breadth of outreach. When this relationship is not considered in determining factors affecting financial sustainability there may be inconsistent evidence on the existence of mission drift. Second, it unveils the trade-off between financial sustainability and breadth of outreach with regards to the minimum loan size when group lending is used. That is, larger loan size, while improves profitability, reduces the breadth of outreach. Third, the study provides empirical evidence that the impact of a particular lending type on microfinance institution‟s profitability will depend on the term to maturity and number of instalments reflected in its lending terms. Fourth, consistent with the institutionists‟ view, the study provides empirical evidence that financial sustainability of microfinance institutions improves their breadth of outreach. Lastly, the study documents the applicability and limitations of previous studies to rural microfinance institutions in Tanzania.
Financial sustainability of rural micro finance institutions (MFIs) in Tanzania
(The University of Greenwich, 2010) Nyamsogoro, Ganka Daniel
Abstract An enduring problem facing microfinance institutions is how to attain financial sustainability. Several studies have been conducted to determine the factors affecting financial sustainability of microfinance institutions using large and well developed MFIs in various countries. However, no such study has been conducted in rural Tanzania where majority of MFIs are small, most of which are member-based (cooperatives). Consequently, the factors affecting their financial sustainability are not known. This study, therefore, was set to bridge this knowledge gap. This study followed a quantitative research approach using panel data regression as the main data analysis technique. The study was based on four years primary and secondary data obtained from 98 sampled rural MFIs in Tanzania. We found that microfinance capital structure, interest rates charged, differences in lending type, cost per borrower, product type, MFI size, number of borrowers, yield on gross loan portfolio, level of portfolio at risk, liquidity level, staff productivity, and the operating efficiency affect the financial sustainability of rural microfinance institutions in Tanzania. The study makes the following key contributions to knowledge in addition to determining factors affecting the financial sustainability of rural microfinance institutions in Tanzania: First, the study reveals that there exists a simultaneous causality relationship between financial sustainability and breadth of outreach. When this relationship is not considered in determining factors affecting financial sustainability there may be inconsistent evidence on the existence of mission drift. Second, it unveils the trade-off between financial sustainability and breadth of outreach with regards to the minimum loan size when group lending is used. That is, larger loan size, while improving profitability, reduces the breadth of outreach. Third, the study provides empirical evidence that the impact of a particular lending type on microfinance institution‟s profitability will depend on the term to maturity and number of instalments reflected in its lending terms. Fourth, consistent with the institutionists‟ view, the study provides empirical evidence that financial sustainability of microfinance institutions improves their breadth of outreach. Lastly, the study documents the applicability and limitations of previous studies to rural microfinance institutions in Tanzania.
Trade credit in the Tanzanian rice market
(University of Groningen, SOM research school, 2010-10-14) Kihanga, Ernest P.
To access "abstract" for this Thesis use this link : https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/197b89a2-c17c-4d00-80c7-b2ebe4c0bb12 Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum.
The Role of internal audit unit in safeguarding the public funds in local government authorities: The case of Sumbawanga Municipal council
(Mzumbe University, 2012) Mbasya, Ernest Baroma
The study aimed at looking on the role of Internal Audit Unit on Safeguarding Public Funds on Local Government Authorities ; the case of Sumbawanga Municipal Council. Safeguarding Public Funds on Local Government Authorities depends much the level of performance of the management and the IAU is supposed to check if the Management perform its duties according to the controls and guidelines, so the report of the IAU must reveal the level of performance of the management so if there is weaknesses we expect the IAU to be in the first line to reveal such weaknesses. Though there is IAU in SMC but still do not reveal the weak performance of the management of SMC. The objectives of the study were to identify the functions of the IAU in SMC so as to check why it does not reveal the weak performance of the management which causes the misuse of the public funds. The level of competence of the internal auditors was examined to see if they are competent to perform their work. The level of independence also was examined to check if they are independent in mind and appearance. The level of objectivity was examined to see if the internal auditors are free from conflict of interest in their normal works. Data for the study were collected by means of interviews and sample questionnaires in which a total of 90 respondents participated in the study. Research findings indicate that IAU has not done enough to safeguard Public funds in local governments because the section instead of ensuring that public funds are properly safeguarded , it ends-up with reports which do not reveal the misuse of the public funds so that many stakeholders recently decide to rely much on Safeguarding Public Funds like the CAG’s report. Based on these findings, it shows that the IAU in Sumbawanga Municipal Council failed to reveal the misuse of the public funds so as to make sure that the government officials accountable in various ways on safeguarding the public funds. Therefore, there is a need to check out the reporting channel of the IAU so as enable them to be more independent in their work for example the IAU have to report to the Internal Auditor General and not Municipal Director. There is a need also to provide on-job training so as to increase the level of competence and provision of proper guidelines and other support like adequate financial ability.
Customers’ switching behavior on banking performance: A case of National Bank of Commerce Morogoro.
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Murungu, Fadhili
The main objective of the study was to assess the customers’ switching behavior on banking performance. It analyzed the factors that contribute to increasing number of customers who switch banks and their influence on banking performance. NBC Ltd Company was chosen as a Case study, the purpose sampling and simple random sampling has been used to obtain a representative of the sample. A sample size consisted of 100 respondents; whereby 60 respondents out of 100 sample size were interviewed being non existing customers, existing customers and bank officers; this was done through interviews, questionnaires and observations. The qualitative analysis through explanatory was used basing on the percentages of data collected from the field. The research findings revealed that 83% of customers interviewed responded that quality of service offered has a great influence to customers’ switching banks while 65% of customers interviewed have a positive response on price. However, effective advertising of competing banks and long distance revealed 65% and 52% of customers interviewed has a positive response on customers’ switching respectively. Also, it revealed that high income earners especially high economical age groups are more likely to switch banks since they gain less compared to that they contribute to the bank. It is recommended that banks should not only rely on increasing prices for their benefits because doing so could bring downside effects to banks since price has the first impression to the customer once wants to purchase a product. To improve the service quality, it was suggested that the bank’s staffs are supposed to be trained with their ethics, professionalism, duties and responsibilities towards customers.
The role of internal audit in improving the performance of local government authorities: The case of Morogoro Municipal council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Masui, Denis S.
Local Governments in Tanzania have been featured with gross financial mismanagement to the extent that the government had decides to institute periodical restricting and reform programmers. In the existence of integrity, effectiveness and efficiency in utilization of resources, the council can easily obtain unqualified audit opinion from CAG. Failure to obtain unqualified audit reports may take the council into – access to LGCDG and therefore gives a negative impact to the authority in terms of service provision. It was that reason therefore, that prompted to carry about a study to assess whether local authorities effectively implement financial management systems by conducting a study at Morogoro Municipal Council. The research methods employed were: - questionnaires observation, and interviews. The researcher employed simple selection techniques. A sample of 45 respondents was selected from a total population of units of inquiry. The study findings reveled that; still there some weakness in terms of enforcing procedures and principles guiding the authorization and access of organization’s assets and documents. Also the study found an increasing rate of improperly vouched expenditure year after year and improper approvals, improper documentation and attachment. The study also found existence of over expenditure on some common items like fuels and allowances, caused by insistence of a reliable computerized system for budgeting and accounting activities. On the part of the functioning of the internal audit unit, the findings revealed a weakness on reporting channel. The study finally found that, the financial management systems in local government Authorities are slightly effective, so for improvement, the study recommends:- the immediate computerization of the accounting and budgeting systems, that performance. Finally; the council internal auditor should report direct to councilors and to ministry responsible. The researcher really hopes that the output of this research study shall be of practical use to other individual scholars, Institutions of higher learning and Local Government Authorities of Tanzania.
Influence of financial institutions in the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania: The case study of Morogoro municipal council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mlise, Jane A
This research report presents the findings of the study done in Morogoro Municipality, “influence of financial institutions to the development of SME’s.” Specifically, the research was undertaken to determine the existing financial institutions financing SMEs in Morogoro Municipality, determining the extent to which financial institutions have helped to finance SMEs in Morogoro Municipality as well as to determine constrains facing SMEs towards financial institution support. The study draws on primary and secondary data. In primary data collection, interviews were conducted with SME’s owners whereby women, men, MFI’s officers of Morogoro municipality were purposely involved. Personal observations were also used to collect some of the data. Secondary data were collected from the government offices, MFI’s and other literatures. By using the sample of 60 respondents in Morogoro SME’s owners, field survey shows that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are constrained by financing and other institutional obstacles than large enterprises, exacerbated by the weaknesses in the financial systems of many developing countries. We use the concept of the access possibilities frontier to explain how difficulties in managing risk and transaction costs involved in SME lending make financial institutions and markets so reluctant to reach out to this group of enterprises, especially in developing countries. We discuss different policies and reforms that can entice financial institutions and markets to lend to SMEs and comment on the role of the Government in institution building, providing the regulatory framework and undertake market-friendly activist policies. However, we also point to pitfalls in government's involvement in SME financing and suggest that restricted conditions in obtaining financial support should be reviewed.
Assessment of factors determining access to microfinance services in rural Tanzania: A case of Mvomero district
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Sigalla, Debora
This study aimed to examine factors that determine the access of Microfinance services in rural Tanzania, using Mvomero district as a study case. The study addressed the following research questions: What are micro-financial service providers that operate in Mvomero District? What are the limitations to access to microfinance services in rural areas? How acceptable are the financing mechanisms employed by different providers? And what are the impacts of microfinance institutions in rural Tanzania? The study was largely qualitative supplemented in some aspects by the quantitative research methodology that based on descriptive design. This facilitates facts findings and generalization on wide population. The methods used in the field were mainly in-depth interviews (IDIs), semistructured interviews and survey questionnaire. For secondary data reports, books and records were also used to supplement the primary data. The major findings show that there was inaccessible of MFI’s services in rural areas due to various factors such as poor infrastructure, negative perceptions toward microfinance institutions, high cost and risk of operating and acquiring services scattered low population in rural areas, low population that resulted in little profit and others like negative perception of community about microfinance services, as well as low collateral values. On the basis of the findings of the study, the following were recommended: There should be emphasis on the preferred financing mechanism as the best arrangement for securing loans in the rural areas; linkage in microfinance arrangement should be introduced to enhance effectiveness in financing services; the government has to use Credit Cooperative Societies to channel their agricultural credit and members of these societies should contribute on mutual consent; the credit provided should be revolving in such a way that every member will benefit; and the government and other development partners should take a necessary measure to provide important infrastructural facilities in rural areas so as to make these places conducive for microfinance services
Assessment of the impact of personal loans to primary school teachers in Tanzania: A case study of Mvomero district council, Morogoro region
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Massengo, Hezron
Microfinance in terms of personal loan is a veritable tool of mitigating the effects of poverty among vulnerable groups and enhancing the level of income of the beneficiaries. Interest rates could range from 12 to 30%, while the service charges and prepayment penalty being very high. However, Mvomero district primary school teachers have emerged to access personal loans as to boost their lives regardless of these challenges. The general objective of the study was to assess the impact of personal loans to primary school teachers in Mvomero district. Case study research design was utilized in the methodology. A sample size of 120 respondents was involved. The data collected were analysed and processed by SPSS computer software through the utilization of descriptive statistics where; frequencies, percentages and tables were run. The findings from the study indicated that, 82% of respondents affirmed the easy of access to personal loan and 85% applied for loans in order to improve their well being by raising income through buying and selling food crops available in their areas as among the reasons to apply for loans. However, 80% of the respondents utilized loans to buy/build modern houses and agricultural land and 83% utilized loans to buy home accessories. Yet, 80% of the respondents reported the presence of psychological discomfort as some teachers could not receive payments at the end of the month, 82% pointed out the dishonest behaviour as teachers accessed personal loans from more than one financial institution rendering them not fulfilling their responsibilities and 85% reported the lack of knowledge to utilize well the loan as planned which resulted into miseries in the time of repayment. The improvement of primary school teachers’ well being in Mvomero district council necessitated them to apply for loans from financial institutions in order to supplement what they get at the end of the month which is little. The research adds to the argument for enhancing primary school teachers’ income and ensuring that interest rates charged are minimized in order to improve their well being.
Assessment of the influence of micro-finance loans to small scale sugar cane growers: A case of Kilombero sugar cane out growers
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Nhyamah, John N.
This study attempted to assess the role played by loans provided by Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) to Small scale sugar cane out growers in Tanzania, a case study of Kilombero District in Morogoro Region. Currently, SMEs contributes significantly to Employment, Income generation and stimulation of the economic growth in both urban and rural areas in Tanzania. SMEs contribute about 40% to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (this is according to SMEs Development policy 2003). In Tanzania it is estimated that every year only 5.7% of the school leavers get employed in public sector while the remaining 94.4% end up being absorbed by SMEs sector. For these reasons there is a need for the government to provide conducive environment for the growth and sustainability of the SMEs in the country through loans/agricultural credit. The sample size was 78 respondents selected through random sampling drawn from population of 398 small scale cane growers at Kilombero District both from MFIs and FCGA to fulfil the requirements of the study. Both primary and secondary data were used or employed. The former used questionnaires and interviews, while the latter was used through reviewing documents in terms of performance reports, articles magazine. Both quantitative and qualitative data were also analyzed. The responses from the interviews were coded, summarized and entered in a computer. The data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 16. Part of the analysis was based on descriptive statistics to describe the responses, characteristics of the data and information. The findings were presented in form of figures, tables and graphs. The findings of the study revealed that collateral, security requirement and high interest rates were the major problems for SSSCG to secure loans from MFIs. Most of SSSCG 50(64.1%) agreed that loan improve agricultural production. The study also revealed that 33(42.3%) had primary level education this was a problem especially on the processing of agricultural credits from financial institutions. Majority obtained loan from SACCOS and other informal sources. The study also revealed that loan acquired had positive influence in the growth of agriculture. Requirement of collateral was a major problem in accessing of loan by small scale sugar cane growers it was supported by 65(83.3%) of all small scale farmer-respondents. From the study, it is concluded that there is significant impact of microfinance loan scheme on small scale sugar cane production since farmers’ access to microcredit also means access to better financial products and services. Thus, despite problems encountered by small scale sugar cane farmers in accessing loans from banks, loans from microfinance banks and SACCOS has to some extent helped farmers to reduce poverty and boost production through financial system that meets their needs. Lastly, the researcher recommends that in order to succeed and develop, small scale sugar cane growers (SSSCG) all over the country should be assisted in improving cooperative societies. The cooperative approach is one of the best means of self-protection for small farmers mainly due to its self-help concept and member’s participation. It is therefore vital for the government to strengthen cooperative credit and improve efficiency of agricultural credit supply by providing innovative financing scheme to SSSCG who lack collateral and minimize long processing of documents and other requirements.
Internal audit and corporate governance in local government in Tanzania: A case of Mwanza city counci
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Njunwa, Florian
A considerable number of items were covered by this study on the analysis of factors contributing to ineffectiveness of internal audit function in promoting good corporate governance in Public Sectors in Tanzania. The study employed a case study technique, where Mwanza City Council and few Staff and Councils were selected as sample size to provide information to this study a total of 136 (30%) of respondents out of 453 were drawn also all 17 councilors were drawn randomly . Both primary and secondary information were used in this study. Primary data through questionnaires was analyzed using Micro Soft Excel frequency tables. The results were presented using histograms, pie charts and tables. The major argument was that, efficient functioning of internal audit require among other things independence of auditors and internal audit function; proficiency of internal auditors; high ethical behavior of auditors and good coordination of internal audit functions. Ethical values are fundamental for the internal auditors because of two important reasons. However, Tanzanian public sector faces a perception and, to some extent, a credibility problem as a value adding unit of the organization. The results from the analysis of all respondents’ responses revealed that factors plays a major role on contributing to ineffectiveness of internal audit function in promoting good corporate governance in Public Sectors in Tanzania. Thus, according to the conceptual model of this study, these factors are independent variables and dependant variable. The study concluded that ineffectiveness of internal audit function in promoting good corporate governance in Public Sectors in Tanzania have influential factors. Recommendation was made to the Local Government Authorities and Central Government to take a leading role in the design and formulation of policy and standards and monitoring practices respectively. Also auditors to play their role of willingly improve their skills for the betterment of themselves and public at large.
Impact of internal controls on execution of payroll system :A case study of Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs – Zanzibar (MoFEA)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Ahmada, Ridhwan I.
Many of the organizations’ activities are not attained due to poor or ineffective of internal controls system; with proper internal controls however guarantee the efficiency of a particular system (activities). Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the impact of internal controls on execution of payroll system to the Ministry of finance and economics affairs Zanzibar (MoFEA). The research methodology used case study research approach. A sample size of 60 respondents who comprised of MoFEA’s employees and other staffs working with the government of Zanzibar was involved. The methods of data collection involved both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected by using questionnaires and interview guide whereas documentary review was used in secondary method. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, and simple calculations by calculator were used to analyze the data where simple frequencies and percentages were created. The study findings observed that, internal controls were available on the payroll system of the organization; these were 78.3% of the respondents. Specifically 83.3% said that pay slips are issued, 65% segregation of duties is available, 95% block of salaries is exercised and 80% government payroll review is too exercised. Also the study revealed that some payroll activities were good enough for the efficiency of payroll system. In addition to that, it was found that there was compliance of internal controls in relation to the payroll system through punishments and having responsible parties to monitor the compliance. The study however portrayed that, almost 31.7% of the total respondents said that there were some weaknesses in relation to internal controls over payroll system. Following these results the researcher therefore calls for the Ministry to analyze and take the corrective measures with those weaknesses of internal controls over payroll system. The ministry also should pay salaries based on time (attendance) as this will discourage employees being absent from their work, independent check by the auditor and governments’ payroll review should be carried on in a scheduled manner. i.e. at a regular interval.
Effect of share split on the shareholders’ wealth; A case of the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE)
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Rosemary, Luena
The study aimed at analysis the effects of share split on the shareholders’ wealth; a case of Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE). In attaining this, four specific objectives were set ascertained; to explore reasons for share split, to determine whether price of split share follow any definite identifiable pattern, to analyze pros and cons pertaining to share split, and to assess the effect of share split on return to shareholders. The study deployed a case study research design and conducted at the DSE where attained 94 percent response rate as 13 respondents were from DSE Staff, 8 respondents from Licensed Brokers and 96 respondents from Shareholders. Again, purposive and snowball sampling techniques were deployed in getting data from a total sample size of 117 respondents. As far as research findings is concerned, the study attained fully its specific objectives that revealed reasons for share split as psychological, increasing stock liquidity, withdraw of principal investor and speculative factors. Likewise, pros and cons pertaining to share split found to be price affordability, wider ownership base, fulfilling investors’ expectation, strengthening company’s image and rival competition. Among the cons included some investors perceive split share as cheap, cost of split, listing requirements and split shares being prone to unwanted investors. Moreover, the study recommended principal investors to think critically before deciding to withdraw their shares as would sometimes affect the general conduct of investing companies, while effectiveness of the Tanzania capital market was suggested as area for future study.
Assesment of the effectiveness of micro and small enterpesses contribution to poverty alleviation in Tanzania
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Salum, Adam
This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of MSEs Contribution to poverty alleviation in Morogoro Municipality. Specifically the research was undertaken to identify factors that influences the growth of SMEs business sector of indigenous in Morogoro Municipal, to determine the constraints that face MSEs in overcoming poverty and to assess the contribution of MSEs in poverty alleviation among the indigenous people. The survey was conducted on a sample of 60 respondents constituted furniture manufactures located in Morogoro Municipal. Both simple random sampling and purposive sampling methods were used whereby purposive sampling had been applied in the selection of the case study while simple random sampling was used in selection of respondents in Morogoro Municipal. A structured questionnaire and semi-structured interview was used to collect primary data. Secondary data were collected from Ministry reports such as Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs, websites and profiles. Data from questionnaires were analysed statistically using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) where frequencies and percentage were used for analysis. The study observed that SMEs are very important in alleviating poverty to the households as they plays a great role in contributing food, shelter and clothing to the family members. The study recommends that SMEs owners need to seek first an adequate knowledge of business before engaging into doing any kind of business idea they have. This will make SMEs successful, grow and sustainable in poverty alleviation
Factors obstructing local government authorities from attaining estimated revenue collection goal: The case of Arusha City Council
(Mzumbe University, 2013) Katunzi, Magdalena Z.
The study set out to evaluate the factors obstructing Local Government Authorities from achieving estimated revenue collection goals. Specifically the study aimed at identifying the economic activities undertaken in the LGAs and to evaluate the relationship between the identified economic activities and LGAs’ major own revenue sources, evaluating LGAs’ own source revenue collection methods, evaluate the trend of LGAs’ actual revenue collections in past four years and pointing out the factors behind LGAs’ failure to meet their estimates in actual revenue collections. The research design used was the case study taking into account the Arusha City Council (ACC). The sample size of 20 respondents was used while the sampling procedure applied was purpose sampling technique. Both primary and secondary data were obtained through questionnaires and interview for primary data and documentary review for secondary data. The data processing was done using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), while data analysis was been undertaken using both Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Analysis. Findings of the study revealed some of the economic activities undertaken in ACC to be Business activities comprised of large scale businesses, medium businesses and petty businesses, Tourism activities such as tour guiding, tourism hotels and tourism transportation. The some of the major sources of revenue of ACC were Service levy, Market levy, Guest house levy and Hotel levy, Public parking fees and Posters and billboards fee, where by two methods which are own council revenue collectors and outsourcing were in use. Also, the findings of the study concluded that Central Government's directives, weak and unbinding contracts given to revenue collecting agents to be some of the factors causing low revenue collections by LGAs. And finally the researcher recommended that, PMO-RALG to assist LGAs to have Taxpayers data base and as soon as possible to approve the draft by-laws submitted by LGAs. LGAs are argued to prepare bounding contracts to their revenue collecting contractors to minimize losses resulting from contractors default while the Central Government should respect LGAs’ autonomy.
Problems hindering the effectiveness of revenue collection: The case of Morogoro Municipal Council
(Mzumbe Unversity, 2013) Michael, Neema
This study examined the problems which hindered the effectiveness of revenue collection in Morogoro Municipality, inspired by the fact that there were statements of lower revenue collection making the national economy to remain stagnant and the causes were unexamined. The study looked at the institutional framework, the infrastructure and facilities, the others factors hindering revenue collection and the efforts taken in place. The study used a cross-sectional research design with a sample of thirty-four (34) respondents who were selected by using convenience sampling technique. Data were collected by using questionnaires, interviews, and documentary review method. Quantitative data were analyzed by using SPSS while qualitative required the use of Microsoft Word. Findings revealed that within the institutional framework the factor which hindered revenue collection was failure to put in place some of the procedures for revenue collection. The greatest problems were: political interference and or interference by policy markers, shortage of qualified personnel for revenue collection, lack of by-laws for some revenue sources, to mention just a few. These problems resulted to lack of effectiveness of municipal revenue collection to a great extent as affirmed by 83.3% of respondents. However fewer efforts were done to address these problems. The study recommended that the regulations and procedures be put in place, politicians communicate with the municipal council prior to taking any decision, facilities and qualified personnel be increased, corruption be fought, and that further studies be conducted while focusing on the daily challenges facing revenue collectors working under supervision of the accounting department.