Accounting and Finance

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Welcome to the Accounting and Finance Community at the School of Business, Mzumbe University (SoB MUIR)! Our Institutional Repository is a central hub for academic excellence, featuring a wide range of research, theses,dissertations, and contributions from our faculty and students. We focus on the latest in financial management, accounting, and economic trends, encouraging researchers, students, and professionals to explore our work. Our community is dedicated to advancing knowledge, fostering innovation, and highlighting our achievements in accounting and finance. Join us as we contribute to the evolving field of financial education and research.

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 173
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    Impact of corporate governance toward organization performance : A case of Tanzania Portland Cement Company Limited
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Mavika, Alex F.
    The study investigated the impact of corporate governance toward organization performance with the case study of Tanzania Portland Cement Company Limited. To achieve this, specific objectives were formulated including (i) to assess the effect of board of directors‟ independence on effectiveness of corporate governance practices, (ii) to assess the effect of board of directors‟ composition on effectiveness of corporate governance practices and (iii) to assess the effect of board of directors‟ leadership structure on effectiveness of corporate governance practices. The study was carried out at the Tanzania Portland Cement Company limited. A sample of 120 respondents was selected and data collected through questionnaires, interview and FGDs. Data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The study found out that the non-executive directors influence to some extent executive directors duties; annual audited reports including half-yearly reports; shareholders to exercise their right to vote on directors‟ proposals; and the existence of non-executive directors influences all decisions made by voting at TPCC Other findings include more non-executive directors on the board relative to executive directors and Board size influences organization performance in public listed companies in Tanzania. However, these findings are not assertive since they scored below the ≥90% decision criterion. Lastly, the study found that the separation of the two highest level positions in a company: those of the chairman of the board of directors and of the CEO have impact on corporate governance toward organization performance. The study recommends that within the public sector, government bodies should develop significant body of material which addresses corporate governance issues. It is therefore recommended to other scholars/researchers to conduct studies on the following variables which this research was not able to cover due to limiting factors; Technology, Quality of Staff and Company Policy
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    Impact of Internal Audit Unit in enhencing efficient use of public resources: A case study of Ministry of Finance – Zanzibar (MOF).
    (Mzumbe university, 2014) Rubea, Hamad O.
    It’s important to every public sector organization to establish the strong internal audit department in order to minimize or eradicate the problem of mismanagement of public resources. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of internal audit unit in enhancing efficient use of public resources with a case study at Ministry of Finance (MoF) Zanzibar. Under this study, a sample of 50 respondents were selected judgmental from MoF employees so as to obtained required information and the Likert scale instrument which was ordered from 1to 5 scores where 1 represents least effect and 5 represent most effect were used to measures the variables of the study. Meanwhile the descriptive analysis, MSexcell and simple calculations by calculator were used to analyse the data where simple frequencies and percentages were created. Findings of the study indicated that before the establishment of internal audit unit there was largely misuse of resources at MoF compare to the time when the internal audit department was established. This also was supported by MoF chief Accountant during interviewed by said that” Now there is compliance of laws and regulations in using physical resources than before, because past resources were used according to leaders’ judgments”. The study recommended that management in public sector organization should provide necessary facilities to internal audit department in order to creating a committed work force for better organization performance.
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    Impact of internal revenue collection on the development of infrastructure: A case study of Bukoba Municipal Council
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Titus, Emmanuel
    This study aimed at examining the impact of internal revenue collection on the development of infrastructure in Bukoba Municipal Council. Infrastructure of the council depends much on internal revenue. Therefore internal revenue collection of the Council is the cause of the development. The methodology used were non participatory method, the study used a case study design, Bukoba municipal was used, and primary data were collected using questionnaire while secondary data were collected through documentary review. The information collected were analyzed using computer packages and processed them using manual method. The decision criterion was taken to the highest percentage. The researcher used primary and secondary methods of data collection to generate the needed data. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative research designs with a sample of 90 respondents included the staff of Bukoba Municipal Council. The data obtained through questionnaire and documentary. The data presented in tables and expressed in simple percentages. The major findings found were under collection of internal source of revenue. The following were some of the findings which lead to insufficient development of the Bukoba Municipal: Bukoba Municipal council were incapable to deliver services and development expected by the people and insufficient of internal revenue collected to maintain the existing infrastructures. The researcher therefore recommended that the challenge that contribute to the declining trend of internal revenue collections in Bukoba that include, political interference, poor collection systems, inadequate facilitation, traditional defaulting. Such challenges should be addressed using the following measures because were not beyond management control;- motivating revenue collector, mobilizing politician not to interfere in revenue collection, outsourcing of internal revenue collection and training revenue collectors because Internal revenue collection had a positive or negative correlation on development. The researcher suggested that future studies should be conducted to analyze any other factors that affect internal revenue collection as well as development in local governments‟ authorities in Tanzania
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    Impact of internal revenue collection on the development of infrastructure: A case study of Bukoba Municipal Council
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Titus, Emmanuel
    This study aimed at examining the impact of internal revenue collection on the development of infrastructure in Bukoba Municipal Council. Infrastructure of the council depends much on internal revenue. Therefore internal revenue collection of the Council is the cause of the development. The methodology used were non participatory method, the study used a case study design, Bukoba municipal was used, and primary data were collected using questionnaire while secondary data were collected through documentary review. The information collected were analyzed using computer packages and processed them using manual method. The decision criterion was taken to the highest percentage. The researcher used primary and secondary methods of data collection to generate the needed data. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative research designs with a sample of 90 respondents included the staff of Bukoba Municipal Council. The data obtained through questionnaire and documentary. The data presented in tables and expressed in simple percentages. The major findings found were under collection of internal source of revenue. The following were some of the findings which lead to insufficient development of the Bukoba Municipal: Bukoba Municipal council were incapable to deliver services and development expected by the people and insufficient of internal revenue collected to maintain the existing infrastructures. The researcher therefore recommended that the challenge that contribute to the declining trend of internal revenue collections in Bukoba that include, political interference, poor collection systems, inadequate facilitation, traditional defaulting. Such challenges should be addressed using the following measures because were not beyond management control;- motivating revenue collector, mobilizing politician not to interfere in revenue collection, outsourcing of internal revenue collection and training revenue collectors because Internal revenue collection had a positive or negative correlation on development. The researcher suggested that future studies should be conducted to analyze any other factors that affect internal revenue collection as well as development in local governments‟ authorities in Tanzania
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    The impact of microfinance efficiency on sustainability of microfinance institutions in Tanzania
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Masawe, Nicholaus
    The fast growing microfinance sector industry in Tanzania has called for the need of microfinance efficiency to fuel their financial and social sustainability. Although different MFIs exist for different reasons, it is through microfinance efficiency where such MFIs converge. Regardless of their type and goals, MFIs are strongly recommended to be strong sustainable both operationally and financially. However, sustainability of MFIs is impossible to achieve without first strive to achieve microfinance efficiency. This is particularly important if the level of competition in the industry is growing fast like the one in Tanzania. Therefore, there is undeniable a link between MFIs sustainability and microfinance efficiency, and the two concepts cannot be separated. A lot of studies have been done in the area of financial sustainability, but no one, if any, has been done to find out the impact of microfinance efficiency on sustainability of MFIs in Tanzania. This study, therefore, intended to bridge this gape. This study employed quantitative approach using panel data to analyze data of seven MFIs whose information are contained in the MIX database. It was revealed that Cost per borrower, borrowers per loan office and number of borrowers influence the microfinance efficiency of MFIs in Tanzania. In addition, the study revealed a positive relationship between microfinance efficiency, as measured by number of borrowers and borrowers per loan officer, and the sustainability of MFIs. On the other side, negative correlation appear to exist between write off ratio, risk coverage ratio, cost per borrower & loan size with the financial sustainability. From the study findings, among others, it is recommended that the policy makers to step in the industry and impose the regulation to all MFIs regardless of their size, type and location just like what is done by the Bank of Tanzania in regulating financial institutions. Otherwise MFIs may end up reversing the primary reason of their existence.
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    Assessment of the effects of employees job satisfaction on work performance in insurance company: A case of Jubilee insurance company
    (Mzumbe University, 2015) Mahene, Esther John
    The overall purpose of the research was to assess the effects of employees’ Job Satisfaction on work performance in Jubilee Insurance Company. The study also took a wide role by looking at the most influencing factors affecting Job Satisfaction in Jubilee Insurance Company on the basis of the factors that were presumed to affect Job Satisfaction included, payment, and teamwork, opportunities for promotion, Job security and working conditions. The following specific objectives were covered; first was to explore the factors that influence job satisfaction, second was to assess work performance in theJubilee Insurance Company, and third was to find out the relationship between Job satisfaction and work performance. The study adopted a case study research design. The area of the study was Jubilee Insurance Company. The total population was 30 employees. Purposive sampling technique was applied. Employees were divided in four categories, namely, operation staff, middle staff, senior staff and the management. Data was obtained through a questionnaire and the analysis was done with the help of SPSS. The study shows that a high percent of employees are not satisfied with pay and opportunities for promotion and to a large extent they are not motivated by them too. Factors like working condition, job security, supervision and leadership, team work, organizational policy,technological change and organizational culture affects employees’ performance in Jubilee Insurance Company. The study recommends that, Jubilee Insurance Company should improve the whole compensation package and promotion opportunities, to make sure that they relate to the employees performance so as to enhance the overall goal achievement in Jubilee Insurance Company
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    Impact of internal audit efficiency on effectiveness of financial management in public sector organizations: A case study of local government authorities in Shinyanga Region
    (Mzumbe University, 2014) Kitojo, Christian
    The motive of this study was to evaluate the impact of internal audit efficiency in improving financial management effectiveness in public sector, specifically just after establishment of the Internal audit General Division (IAGD). Fifty-eight responses from six district councils at shinyanga region were gathered using questionnaires, interviews and documentations and they were analyzed using descriptive analysis, simple and multiple regression from excel and SPSS software programs. The findings revealed that there was inefficiency of internal audit units that is two out of six councils had efficiency while the rest were not efficient. In addition, it found that two out of six councils had better in financial management. Moreover, there a positive was relationship between internal audit efficiency and financial management effectiveness in Shinyanga LGAs. It seems to be strong with positive correlation of about 87.3%. Results also revealed that there were many factors that hindered financial management effectiveness these included: poor leadership in finance department, low salary, political interference and inconsistency of government policies. In the meantime, inadequate resources, lack of experience and poor relationship between internal audit efficiency and financial management effectiveness were main factors hindered efficiency of the internal audit. This study recommends the government and responsible agencies to increase efforts in ensuring the internal audits in public sector are strengthened in order to meet citizen’s expectation towards public funds
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    Impact of internal controls on execution of payroll system :A case study of Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs – Zanzibar (MoFEA)
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Ahmada, Ridhwan I.
    Many of the organizations’ activities are not attained due to poor or ineffective of internal controls system; with proper internal controls however guarantee the efficiency of a particular system (activities). Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the impact of internal controls on execution of payroll system to the Ministry of finance and economics affairs Zanzibar (MoFEA). The research methodology used case study research approach. A sample size of 60 respondents who comprised of MoFEA’s employees and other staffs working with the government of Zanzibar was involved. The methods of data collection involved both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected by using questionnaires and interview guide whereas documentary review was used in secondary method. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, and simple calculations by calculator were used to analyze the data where simple frequencies and percentages were created. The study findings observed that, internal controls were available on the payroll system of the organization; these were 78.3% of the respondents. Specifically 83.3% said that pay slips are issued, 65% segregation of duties is available, 95% block of salaries is exercised and 80% government payroll review is too exercised. Also the study revealed that some payroll activities were good enough for the efficiency of payroll system. In addition to that, it was found that there was compliance of internal controls in relation to the payroll system through punishments and having responsible parties to monitor the compliance. The study however portrayed that, almost 31.7% of the total respondents said that there were some weaknesses in relation to internal controls over payroll system. Following these results the researcher therefore calls for the Ministry to analyze and take the corrective measures with those weaknesses of internal controls over payroll system. The ministry also should pay salaries based on time (attendance) as this will discourage employees being absent from their work, independent check by the auditor and governments’ payroll review should be carried on in a scheduled manner. i.e. at a regular interval.
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    The impact of privatizing banking industry in Tanzania: A case study of National Bank of Commerce, Headquarter
    (Mzumbe University, 2013) Kisenge, Frank Fredrick
    Financial support from the banking industry and other financial institutions is a key element for a business to succeed in their move towards contributing to the poverty alleviation, creation of employment, winning business competitions and increase productivity capacities. Without finance, small entrepreneurs cannot acquire or absorb new technologies nor can they expand to compete in the global markets or even strive to business linkages with large firms. Failure to finance access has been cited as a major problem in recent years. However, there are significant perceptions as to the size and causes of financing gap. The major objective of the study was to identify impact caused by privatizing banking industry in Tanzania. A detailed relevant literature, review was done so as to set the study within its wide context and to show the reader how the study supplements the work that has already been done. A case study designed was adopted where NBC, was chosen as a case. Findings of this study show that there is a major positive effect by privatizing bank industry due to great changes done by those who might have taken the business by expand the business which result increase in employment, increase number of branches which brought services near citizen, also they brought new technologies which facilitate the use of bank services without being in the bank premises for example the use ATM machine, Internet Banking, On line payment service example –purchase of Luku, Telephone credits and the payroll processing service.
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    Assessment of the budget and budgetary control in enhancing financial performance of an organization: The case of TANESCO
    (Mzumbe University, 2014) Joseph, Marygoreth Lyaruu
    The study aimed at assessing budget and budgetary control in enhancing financial performance of an organization. Specifically the study focused on identifying the budgeting process of TANESCO, assessing the trend of budget performance of TANESCO from the year 2006-2012, and to determine the contribution of budget in the financial performance of the company. The study adopted a case study research design as the best way of collecting data and assessing the budget and budgetary control in enhancing financial performance of an organization. The study comprised 80 respondents from TANESO-Headquarter. Questionnaire, interview and group discussion were used to collect data. Data were presented into tables, graphs and charts for easy analysis and discussion of findings. The study findings indicated that budgeting process starts with identification of financial objectives and it end up with monitoring, adjustments and providing feedback for the necessary corrective measures. Also the study indicated that TANESCO is experiencing negative variance in its budget trend for each financial year and lastly the study revealed that budget and budgetary control contribute much to the effectiveness of the organization. The study concluded that in order to enhance the financial performance of TANESCO there must be proper control and management of the organization’s budget. The study therefore; recommended that in order to enhance performance budgetary control need to be done from the beginning of the budgeting process until the end of the budget implementation and formulation of the new budget.