Faculty of Social Sciences

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Author: search.filters.author.Mkuna, Eliaza

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    East Africa Community (EAC) non-tariff barriers and their effects on Tanzanian small and medium agro enterprises cross border trade
    (Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2014) Mkuna, Eliaza
    This study was done to assess the East Africa Community (EAC) Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) and their effects on Tanzanian small and medium agro enterprises (SMAEs) engaged in EAC cross border trade. Specific objectives were; to describe the structure and characteristics of Tanzanian SMAEs; to examine determinants of Tanzanian SMAEs engagement in EAC cross border trade, to identify NTBs that affect Tanzanian SMAE’s engaged in the EAC cross Border trade; and, to analyze the effect of identified NTBs on Tanzanian SMAEs trading in the EAC cross border trade. Both secondary and primary data were collected from Arusha, Mwanza, and Kagera. The number of respondents who comprised owners of SMAEs was 105 for those who were trading locally within the country, and 105 for those who were engaged in the EAC cross border trade. Agricultural goods selected were maize, beans and rice as major crops traded within the EAC region. Descriptive Statistics and Binary Logistic linear regression model were used to examine determinants and characteristics of Tanzania SMAEs engaged in EAC cross border trade. Costs and Benefit Analysis method was used to ascertain the projected Net Present Value between exporting agricultural products to EAC countries and trading similar products within the country , and to analyze the effect of NTBs. The results indicate that SMAEs engaged in EAC cross border trade are affected by 26 % of additional transport costs resulting from NTBs. However, there are potential benefits to be earned by SMAEs engaged in cross border trade if NTBs are reduced. Major recommendations are as follows; i) Government and private institutions should decentralize to help in registering and monitoring Agribusiness sector at regional and district level and help to abolish NTBs ii) Increase the pace of harmonizing the trading procedures and policies in the EAC region to assist in smoothing trade activities
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    Determinants of household food expenditure in Tanzania: Implications on food security
    (Agriculture &Food Security, 2024) Ndakije Furaha R.; Sesabo,Jennifer K.; Lihawa, Robert M.; Mkuna, Eliaza
    Food expenditure in developing countries particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa constitutes about 65–70% of total household expenditure. Existing literature on the determinants of household food expenditure in developing countries have mixed results. Thus, this study aimed at examining the determinants of household food expenditure in Tanzania and their implications on food security using country representative data from the 2017/18 household budget survey. The Two-Stage least squares (2SLS) regression analysis was used as method of analysis. Results show that, on average, monthly household food expenditure in Tanzania is about TZS 159,072.80(≈ US $ 69.2). Food expenditure exhibited a non-linear relationship with age of household head with income elasticity of 0.72%. Expenditure also increases with household size, household head sex, education, asset ownership, group membership and marital status while being located in rural areas is negatively associated with food expenditure. To increase household’s food expenditure with dietary diversity for improved health, strategies aiming at improving household income, family planning, gender equity, education and social cohesion are important which will further increase household’s food security.
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    Comparative analysis oftrading Between East Africa Community member states and local markets by Tanzanian small and medium agroenterprises
    (International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2016) Mkuna, Eliaza; Temu, Andrew E.
    Intra-Africa trade is one of the most upcoming approaches of economic growth within the continent of Africa through regional economic integrations established. East Africa Community is one of the newly upcoming strong regional integration with the aim of creating a harmonious trade environment among its member countries and propels economic growth among them. This study was done to compare the trading costs and benefit between Tanzanian small and medium agro- enterprises (SMAEs) trading to EAC countries and those trading locally within Tanzania. The study collected a sample of 105 SMAEs trading to EAC countries and 105 SMAEs trading locally. Costs and Benefit Analysis tool and descriptive statistics were used and three regions of Tanzania namely Arusha, Kagera and Mwanza were involved with three types of agricultural crops Beans, Maize and Rice. Results indicate that trading to EAC member countries is more benefit than trading locally. Moreover there are number of obstacles such as unstable agricultural export policy, infrastructural problems such as roads, police stops and other non-tariff-barriers that hinder the smoothness of the trade. However the study recommended that more assistance is required by EAC Secretariat, East African Business Council and ministry of agriculture in Tanzania to support these growing SME so as to tap more benefits and acknowledge their contributions such as enabling proper infrastructures such as roads from the remote to the market areas as well as flow of information and access to finance so as SMAEs can obtain enough capital to expand their business.
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    Farmer’s perceptions on climate change impacts in different rice production systems in Morogoro Tanzania
    (International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2016) Mugula, Victoria Jovin; Mkuna, Eliaza
    This study was done to assess farmers’ perceptions on climate change impacts in different rice production systems in Morogoro Tanzania. In specific the study analyzed farmers socio-economic characteristics in different rice production systems in Morogoro Tanzania and also examined farmers perceptions on climate change impacts in different rice production systems in Morogoro Tanzania. Both secondary and primary data using a structured questionnaires and focus group discussion were collected from Morogoro rural and Mvomero Districts in Morogoro Region, Tanzania. The study employed cross sectional research design by which data were collected at one point in time. However the sample size involved was 150 respondents. The analyses were done using descriptive statistics to analyze farmers socio-economic characteristics and Likert scale was used to assess respondents’ perceptions on the climate change impacts in different rice production systems. The results indicate that socio-economic factors such as age, education level, household size and main activities of the household affect the climate change adaptation and coping strategies perception of rice farmers. Moreover small number of respondents believed that the climate change is threat to future food security, and also majority of farmers perceived that climate change might lead to crop failure, unpredicted seasons, drought and floods. The study suggested that there is a need for upscalling of awarewness, education and capacity building on good agricultural practices which will assist farmers to cope with climatic changes.