Public Service and Human Resource Management
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Item Transformative effects of local government authorities in promoting public involvement in decision making process in Tanzania: The case of Mvomero district council(Mzumbe University, 2013) Ngao, Shose L.This study was carried out to assess the transformative effects of LGAs in promoting public involvement in decision making process in Mvomero district, given that little research was carried out on transformative effects of LGAs in promoting public involvement in decision making process. The study specifically found out on public involvement in LGAs, determined the level of transparency and accountability, assessed the perception of public on LGAs, and found the specific challenges which hindered effective public involvement in decision making process. The study used a case study research design with a sample of 100 respondents selected through convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected by using questionnaires, interviews and FGDs. They were analysed by using SPSS and Microsoft Word for text processing. Findings revealed there was a policy or regulation which advocated public involvement but few employees and public servants were not aware of the policy. The public was involved in LGA meeting and activities more than three times. The way of involving the public was not constant. The public was involved satisfactorily in different activities other than financial. It was because the public was not satisfied with the manner financial transactions were being handled without their involvement. In other words there was less trust among public members. The district faced challenges like inadequacy of financial means, poor communication, and poor management. The study recommended that new employees be made aware of the policy / Transparency in financial transactions, that public servants be held, communication be improved, corruption be fought and that further studies be conducted.Item Stakeholders’ perception on cash transfer program as a strategy for poverty reduction in Tanzania: A case Rorya district(Mzumbe University, 2017) Benasius, Anuciata G.The Government of Tanzania introduced PSSN that provides Cash Transfer (CT) to poor and vulnerable groups so as to improve their living standards while generating sustainable improvement on human capital, health, and food consumption. Evidence from literature has demonstrated that people have different views on CT, therefore the researcher intended to explore stakeholders‟ perception on CT in Rorya district. The specific objectives were: - To explore the perceptions of CT beneficiaries, implementers and non-beneficiaries on the CT programme, to examine the contribution of CT on improving living standard of the community and to examine the effectiveness of procedures used in selecting household beneficiaries of CT. The study applied a case study design and simple random, convenient as well as purposive sampling in drawing a sample of 130 respondents. Moreover, interview, FGD and observation method were used to obtain information from the respondents. The study revealed that perception varies according to the categories of respondents; positive perception were highly found in beneficiaries and implementers side while negative perception was most found on non-beneficiaries side. The study further revealed that CT has brought direct impact on food consumption, HIV treatment, and gender empowerment and taking children under age to clinics. Indirect impact was seen in human capital development. Furthermore, the study revealed that the process of selecting household beneficiaries was hampered by poor community participation in Village assembly and other problems such as biasness and incompetence of CMC. Finally it is concluded that, although the programme failed to address all the problems that poor people are facing but the unconditional cash transfer has brought significant impact on food consumption while the conditionality promoted human capital development. Then after it is recommended that the Government should conduct inflation analysis to make sure the supply of CT meets food price and there should be food and drug transfer to elder beneficiaries. The selection process should involve the broader community so as to reduce selection errors.Item Strategies to reduce teachers’ turnover in public schools: A case of secondary schools in Morogoro municipality(Mzumbe University, 2015) Kimaro, Joseph W.The major objective of this study was to examine the approaches established and employed by the government in dealing with teachers‟ turnover in public secondary schools in Tanzania. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the current situation of teacher‟s turnover in the study area; to examine how the council has dealt with teacher turnover rate; to assess achievements reached by the council in reducing teachers‟ turnover; and to examine challenges faced by the council in reducing teacher turnover. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires of open and closed questions, to obtain quantitative and qualitative data. Interviews of key informants were undertaken under the guidance of checklist questions. The major part of the results were analysed qualitatively. Some results were presented using texts, tables and figures to illustrate findings. The study found that the strategies to reduced teachers‟ turnover include improving allowances, construction of teachers‟ houses; creating environment for teachers to get loans from financial institutions, and seminars and workshops for training. The success of the strategies was very little as the implementation of the strategies was of the low standard. The challenges that the council faces in reducing teachers‟ turnover include financial constraints, corruption among leaders, shortage of teachers, and undisciplined students. From the results it was concluded that the rate of teachers‟ turnover in Morogoro municipality was still high; several strategies were established at the school level and council level in order to motivated teachers but they were not workable; council faced various challenges in its efforts to reduce teachers‟ turnover. These challenges include financial problems, corruption among leaders, shortage of teachers and undisciplined students. The study recommends that government should give teacher the transport facilities like motorcycles and cars in terms of loans so that to facilitate teachers‟ transport to their working stations. Also the teachers should be involved in priority setting and planning so that to include the teachers‟ needs.Item A study on local government autonomy in recruitment and selection functions in Ilala Municipal Council(Mzumbe University, 2013) Herman, ValerianLocal Government Reform Programme of Tanzania centered on the basic assumption of decentralization of political, administrative and financial powers and functions in the structure of a unitary state. Administratively local authorities expected to have mandate and free to carry out responsibilities concerning provision of public services and social development along its area of influence authorized under legal framework (LGRP, 1998). This study investigate on the degree at which Ilala Municipal is independent in recruitment and selection functions as directed in administrative decentralization as well as to other legal provisions. The study carries six chapters sequentially, from chapter one the introductory part of the study; there are, background of the problem, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, research assumptions, significances, limitations, delimitations of the study, conceptual framework, and definition of the key terms and concept. Chapter two is on literature review, also there is theoretical/philosophical review, operationalization of concepts, literature review from earlier studies and the synthesis. Chapter three talks about research methodology which provides information about, research design, research area, population of the study, sampling procedures and sample size, data collection methods and data analysis methods. Chapter four is about presentation and analysis of the findings. Chapter five is about discussion of research findings and chapter six is about conclusion and recommendation. Finally, the Bibliography and appendices.Item Teacher turnover in public secondary schools: A case of Wete district, Pemba(Mzumbe University, 2016) Fadhil, Juma O.The study is about teachers‟ turnover in Public Secondary Schools with reference to Wete District, Pemba between October 2015 and February 2016. The study aimed to assess the existence of Teacher Turnover in the area of concern, to know its causes and effects as well as suggesting several remedial methods of combating teacher turnover in public secondary school. The case study design was used where 49 respondents were involved. 29 were selected via simple random sampling and 20 were obtained using purposive sampling according to their positions. The study used both primary and secondary data which were collected using different means of data collection; while the data collected were analyzed using various statistical means. Findings revealed that, Teacher Turnover has a great impact to all educational stakeholders even though it is not considered as a problem by the employer. The common causes of teacher turnover mentioned are; overburdening of duties, poor working environment, status of teacher in community, level of salary paid, employment security, students‟ behaviour and so on. While others are impacted by falling down of educational performance, un-manageable shortage of teacher, losing of students learning Morale, to enforce poor parents on paying over freelance teachers and alike. Apparently, this can be managed by the restructuring pay system, employing appropriate number of teachers per school, enabling conducive teaching and learning environment and ensuring equity and equality among public servant as well as close participation among educational stakeholders. The study has recommended that, there is a need of making teaching an enjoyable field like other in the public sectors, hence retaining teachers may influence educational improvement in the world of science and technology in Zanzibar.Item Teachers absenteeism in public secondary schools in Bukoba district council(Mzumbe University, 2016) Paul, PaschaziaThe general objective of the study was to assess the factors which influence teachers‟ absenteeism in public secondary schools in Bukoba District Council in Tanzania. Specific objectives were to examine whether there is teachers‟ absenteeism in public secondary schools in Bukoba District Council., to examine personal factors for teachers‟ absenteeism in public secondary schools, to examine school factors for teachers‟ absenteeism in public secondary schools, to examine environmental factors for teachers‟ absenteeism in public secondary schools and to identify measures of reducing teachers‟ absenteeism in public secondary schools in Bukoba District Council. The study was conducted in four public secondary schools namely Maruku, Nyakato, Kikomelo and Katoro secondary schools. The study involved the sample of 57 respondents including secondary school teacher, Heads of school, Head of TSD, Head of school Inspection Department and Head of Secondary Education Department. Both primary and secondary data were collected using various data collection methods and techniques including questionnaire, interview, observation and documentary review. Data was analyzed by using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study found that young age, gender, illness, education level and job dissatisfaction are personal factors that influence teachers absenteeism while old age was found in this study to have no influence on teachers‟ absenteeism. Also poor leadership style of the head of school, poor school environment, high pupil – teacher ratio and assignment of non-teaching tasks to the teacher were found to be school factors that influence teachers‟ absenteeism. Moreover, location of school, residence of the teacher and education level of the parents as environmental factors influence teachers; absenteeism as it was discovered in this study. The study recommends that the government should make all stake holders aware of secondary school teachers‟ absenteeism problem so that they can join together to minimize or eradicate the problem. Further research should be conducted by looking into the loss in terms of fund caused by teachers‟ absenteeism in Bukoba District Council.Item School performance: A comparative study between public and private secondary schools in Kinondoni municipal council(Mzumbe University, 2015) Kivenule, GloriaThe purpose of this study was to assess the causes of school performance difference between public and private secondary schools in Tanzania. Three research objectives were addressed namely: to assess the reasons for private secondary schools to outperform public secondary schools; to compare the resources available in public schools and private schools; and compare the teachers‟ motivation in public schools and private schools in Kinondoni Municipal Council. A case study design was used. The target population included 50 secondary school students, 50 teachers, five heads of schools, one District Secondary Education Officer, and 50 parents in Kinondoni Municipality. Data were gathered from the questionnaire, observation, interview schedule, and documentary review. Qualitative data analysis method was used for analyzing the data collected. The major findings revealed that,about 40 (80%) teachers and parents shows that private schools perform better than public secondary schools due to their recruitment of competent teachers, good pay for their teachers, making availability of teaching and learning resources, good set control system of school management team(SMT), and good students enrollment system. Also the finding indicate that the level of school managers involvement in decision making about the school issues is high in private secondary schools, 45 (90%) teachers agreed in private schools have committed teachers, financial capability, good and competent school managers, and active inspectorate personnel. Moreover, the findings revealed that the most incentives used by 5 (100%) heads of schools to enhance private secondary school teachers’ classroom performances were a delegation of duties. Finally, the researcher has put forth that, the government has made more effort to steadiness education delivered by public secondary schools to its people. There is a need to make sure that the gap developed between these private and public secondary schools is removed or reduced. Hence, it is high time for the government to make sure that public secondary schools are provided with all resources as require same to private schools.Item Secondary education development plan (SEDP) in Tanzania; An assessment of its implementation: A case study of Temeke municipality(Mzumbe University, 2014) Felix, FrancisThis study examined the effectiveness of the implementation of secondary education development plan phase I (SEDP I) in Temeke Municipality. Specifically, it was an attempt to address the achievements of SEDP I in the municipality, to identify the perceptions of teachers and educational stakeholders on the implementation of SEDP I in Temeke, to find out the challenges hindering the effectiveness of the SEDP I in Temeke and lastly to find out the government’s strategies in improving secondary education in Temeke and the entire of Tanzania. Both theoretical and empirical reviews were done. The study employed a descriptive research design which portrayed an accurate description and a better understanding on the topic under the study. Data collection was carried out through questionnaire, interview and documentary review. Then analyzed through quantitative and qualitative techniques and presented in diagrams, tables and charts. The findings indicated that SEDP I has been accredited for the increase of ward secondary schools and students enrollment in the municipality, employment of both teachers and school contractors. It is also accredited for decrease of illiteracy rate among Tanzanians, decrease in number of street youths, early marriage and pregnancy for school girls. It also ensured availability of teaching and learning materials. In spite of those achievements, there were still various challenges facing the established ward secondary schools. Such challenges included inadequate number of teachers especially for science subjects, lack of hostels, low salaries and motivation for teachers, inadequate working facilities and other physical infrastructures, lack of non-teaching staffs, remoteness of schools and poor academic performance among students. In line with the strategies that are being taken by the government through SEDP II Big Results Now (BRN) and National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP II), different recommendations were made so as to alleviate these vii challenges. Such recommendations included provision of teaching and learning, facilities, improvement of social and physical infrastructures, increase of salary and teaching allowance for teachers, increase of the community accountability as well as teachers’ involvement in planning and decision making on matters pertaining to education.Item Security of mobile money transfer in telecommunication industry in Tanzania,(Mzumbe University, 2013) Mikumuo, ShamteThis study was done to examine the level of security of mobile money transfer in Telecommunication industry in Tanzania as insecurity resulted to frauds for Mobile money customers and reduce profits for mobile money operators in Tanzania in the years to come. Despite a lot of efforts done by TCRA and BOT still Mobile Money seemed to have paved an easy way of swindling, causing fraud for Tanzania mobile money consumers. Fraud did not only take place during interactive transfers, but has also expanded towards fake hard, money laundering circulating cash and operating system used in the mobile money sector. Data were collected by undertaking survey from sample obtained by using primary and secondary data collection method. These instruments enabled to obtain data from various units of enquiry. Collected data were summarized, classified, presented and analyzed using readily technology available to research, MS- Excel, where necessary, specialized software and SPSS were used. The findings from this study indicated that 79.5% are aware of the electronic money transfer, 46% knows methods used to transfer E-money, 54% know mobile money operating system and 99.5% of respondents were not experience any Fake money in electronic money transfer since they start to use the service. It was concluded that, despite of little awareness of the mobile money methods and operating systems used in transferring electronics money from one customer account to another, still mobile money transfer is safe to both customers and telecommunication companies that are providing mobile money transfer services. To enhance security of Mobile Money transfers, the mobile money operators should increase advertisements regarding customer’s awareness on the important of not sharing mobile money PIN because 13% of customers are sharing E- money PIN. Also should come up with new systems that accommodate new technology which does not allow any mobile money transactions that are stacking, this means all mobile money customers will be allowed to use STK SIM card instead of normal SIM cards that are delaying in getting notification SMS.Item The role of trust in councillors-staffs work relationships in local government authorities in Tanzania: The case of Misungwi district council,(Mzumbe University, 2013) Lwegoshora, Pesha MosesThe study aimed at assessing the role of trust in councilors’ and staffs’ relationship in LGAs in Tanzania. Specifically, three main objectives were established: (i) to examine the factors that build trust between councilors’ and staffs in LGAs; (ii) to investigate the importance of trust in maintaining good working relationship between councilors’ and staffs; and (iii) to examine the possible ways to ensure trustful relationship between councilors’ and staffs in LGAs. The study was conducted at Misungwi District Council. A total of 98 respondents (17 councilors and 81 staffs) were depicted to form a study sample from a total population of 2616. Data collection tools included questionnaires whereby 72 questionnaires were circulated to 60 staffs and 12 councilors’, interviews conducted to 26 respondents including 21 staffs and 5 councilor’s and some minutes and reports were reviewed. Collected data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis; the findings were reported using descriptive statistics. The findings of this study revealed that trust has a significant role in maintaining effective work relationship between councilors’ and staffs in LGAs as it fosters team work spirit and reduces conflicts and misunderstandings hence creating harmonious work relationship with more trust between them. Another considerable role of trust is to increase cooperation and collaboration which are vital elements of an effective work relationship. Indeed, trust increases openness and transparency in work relationship. The observation revealed lack of social interactions between councilors and staffs in MDC as one of the missing trust building factors. Finally, the recommendations provided include the council management to take further steps to address the problem of low trust between councilors and staffs. There is a need to review the council code of conduct to include issues of how professional relationships should be managed. To further confirm these findings there is a need to conduct more studies on councilors/staffs relationships in other LGAs.