Economics (FSS)

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://192.168.30.20:4000/handle/123456789/130

Browse

Subject: search.filters.subject.Climate change

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Social networks influencing climate change adaptations among smallholder farmers in Mvomero districts, Tanzania
    (Mzumbe University, 2019) Kuruchimila, Msyangi M
    This study investigated the influence of social networks on climate change adaptation among smallholder farmers in Mvomero District-Tanzania. The study used data from a cross-sectional survey of 200 smallholder farmers in Mlali and Mzumbe wards. This study adopted both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Questionnaires and focus group discussions were used as the methods of data collection. For quantitative data, the study employed descriptive analysis and probit regression model for analysis of the relationship of interest. The study used STATA13.1 to analyze the quantitative data. The study used content analysis for the qualitative data. The findings obtained from this study indicate that the dominant climate change adaptation strategies used by smallholder farmers in Mvomero District are changing planting dates or periods, the use of improved seeds and breeds, livestock diversification, diversification to non-farm activities, and crop diversification. Majority of respondents have strong ties within their social networks as up to 92% of the respondents have reciprocal ties. Moreover, friendship ties, strong ties, social network size, social network duration and group affiliation were found to influence different climate change adaptation strategies. In the light of the findings, it is reasonable to think that awareness raising on the benefits of social networks should constitute good agenda in agriculture policies formulation. These are essential tool which enable smallholder farmers to adapt to climate change. Therefore, policy makers should not only appreciate the influence of social networks on climate change adaptation among smallholder farmers but also provide an enabling environment for societies.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Climate change, food security, and diarrhoea prevalence nexus in Tanzania
    (Humanities and Social Sciences Communications., 2024) Kitole, Felician A.; Mbukwa, Justine N.; Tibamanya, Felister Y.; Sesabo , Jennifer K.
    The impact of climate change on food security and public health has hindered poverty reduction efforts in developing nations, including Tanzania, resulting in the impoverishment of millions and compromising both health and food production. To unravel these complex interactions, rigorous scientific research is indispensable. Leveraging three waves of the Agriculture Sample Census (2002/03, 2007/08, 2019/20), this study meticulously examines the interplay between climate change, food security, and diarrhoea prevalence in Tanzania. Employing Instrumental Variable Probit and Control Function Approach models to address endogeneity and heterogeneity, temperature anomalies serve as instrumental variables. The findings reveal a substantial impact of climate change on both food security (−0.331142, p < 0.01) and diarrhoea incidence (0.214602, p < 0.01). These results signify that climate change places significant stress on food security, rendering households more susceptible to insecurities, and heightens health concerns through increased diarrhoea prevalence. This underscores the urgency of prioritizing public health and well-being through an agricultural lens in climate change mitigation. A comprehensive strategy is imperative, entailing a synergy of sustainable agricultural practices, robust public health interventions, and targeted policies to fortify the adaptive capacity of communities. Special emphasis should be placed on cultivating climate-resilient agricultural systems, ensuring food security, and implementing health programs tailored to address the unique challenges posed by climate-induced factors. Moreover, community engagement and awareness initiatives play a pivotal role in fostering a collective understanding and commitment to sustainable practices, contributing to the overall resilience of societies amidst the challenges of climate change
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Large herbivore assemblages in a changing climate: Incorporating water dependence and thermoregulation
    (Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2019) Veldhuis,M. P; Kihwele, E. S; Cromsigt, J. P; Ogutu,G. M; Hopcraft, J. O; Smith, J. G. C.; Owen, N.; Olff, H.
    The coexistence of different species of large herbivores (ungulates) in grasslands and savannas has fascinated ecologists for decades. However, changes in climate, land-use and trophic structure of ecosystems increasingly jeopardise the persistence of such diverse assemblages. Body size has been used successfully to explain ungulate niche differentiation with regard to food requirements and predation sensitivity. But this single trait axis insufficiently captures interspecific differences in water requirements and thermoregulatory capacity and thus sensitivity to climate change. Here, we develop a two-dimensional trait space of body size and minimum dung moisture content that characterises the combined food and water requirements of large herbivores. From this, we predict that increased spatial homogeneity in water availability in drylands reduces the number of Ungu late species that will coexist. But we also predict that extreme droughts will cause the larger, water-dependent grazers as wildebeest, zebra and buffalo–dominant species in savanna ecosystems– to be replaced by smaller, less water-dependent species. Subsequently, we explore how other constraints such as predation risk and thermoregulation are connected to this two-dimensional framework. Our novel framework integrates multiple simultaneous stressors for herbivores and yields an extensive set of testable hypotheses about the expected changes in large herbivore community composition following climate change