Directorate of Library Services
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Item Majukumu ya msingi ya Maktaba katika kuleta mabadiliko kwenye sekta ya elimu nchini Tanzania: Uchunguzi yakinifu(Tanzania Library Service Board (TLSB), 2022-11-24) Mosha, Goodluck E.Sekta ya elimu ni msingi wa maendeleo ya taifa, inatoa mchango na nguvu na ya kuboresha maisha ya watu. Elimu ni haki ya msingi kwa kila mtu. Maktaba na elimu ni dhana zisizotenganishwa; maktaba ni sehemu muhimu ya taasisi za elimu, zikichangia katika kujisomea na utafiti. Utafiti umebainisha kuwa maktaba ni muhimu katika kuimarisha hamu (reading passion) ya kusoma na kuongeza ujuzi wa wanafunzi. Mwongozo wa Viwango na Sheria ya Elimu ya Vyuo Vikuu Tanzania unaweka viwango vya maktaba kwa vyuo vikuu ili kuhakikisha ubora wa elimu. Katika miaka ya 1970, Tanzania ilianzisha maktaba za vijijini kusaidia Elimu ya Watu Wazima na kuongeza kiwango cha kusoma na kuandika. Hata hivyo, kiwango cha elimu kimeshuka tangu miaka ya 1990 kutokana na changamoto kama ukosefu wa wakutubi wenye ujuzi, bajeti pungufu, na ukosefu wa maktaba za kisasa. Ili kuboresha elimu, huduma ya maktaba shuleni inapaswa kupewa kipaumbele. Maktaba zinahitaji bajeti ya kutosha, vitabu vya kisasa, na teknolojia ya kidigitali. Pia, maktaba zishirikiane na wadau wengine na kutumia mitandao ya kijamii kuwafikia watumiaji hususani wanafunzi. Maktaba ni muhimu kwa kila mkakati wa kisomo, elimu, na maendeleo ya kijamii. Zinaweza kuwa sehemu ya uvumbuzi wa maarifa na kutoa huduma zinazolenga mahitaji ya watumiaji. Kuwa na maktaba bora kutasaidia kuboresha elimu na maendeleo ya taifa kwa ujumla.Item Fostering knowledge management and organizational learning recital: Experiential scrutiny of human resource’ best practices in banking, Tanzania.(International journal of recent scientific research, 2022) Mollel, Daud; Kotoroi, GladnessThis paper assessed the influence of human resource management best practices on Employees‟ performance among accessible pensionable banking employees in Dodoma City, Tanzania. Quantitative and qualitative paradigms were employed using mixed sequential Approaches. Data collection was from documentary reviews, interviews, observations and Questionnaires. Purposive and convenience sampling, descriptive statistics, correlation, Regressions and ANOVA techniques were adopted. It was revealed that a bundle of human Resources best practices, knowledge management (KM) and organizational learning (OL) Have great influence on employees‟ performance. While training and development assures the individual of competences, compensation and reward contribute a lot to employees‟ Motivation to perform.Item Tanzania Modern Librarians in Research and Development Enquiry: A Literature Review(Library philosophy and practice (e-journal). 6644, 2021) Mwilongo, Kardo; Kotoroi, GladnessThe modern and advanced development in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has influenced various changes in the universe and resulted to phases of paradigm shifts and affected individuals, groups, organizations, institutions and states. The globalization of everything has similarly modernized and impacted the academic libraries and librarians. Modern academic libraries strive and undertake this development in facilitating sharing of research data and outputs with its potential stakeholders for Research and Development (R&D). Librarians and have to adapt new and emerging technologies, deploy the web technologies for cyberspaces, smart or digital library information and services, transform to embedded librarians for dynamic collaboration and partnership with stakeholders in sharing experience, research data and products for innovative R&D. Professionalism and personal competencies are the panacea for the modern librarians to remain relevant in the new environment. Technology and knowledge gaps lead to challenges that the modern libraries have to address and sustainably maintain their visibility, collaboration and sharing of research data and products for R&D. More important, modern libraries have to fully embrace the digital innovations, promote linkages and collaboration with R&D institutions or centres. Moreover, they have to integrate various innovative policies which foster sharing of research data and products and to make technology and innovative R&D among the core components of the university functions.Item Prisoners’ information dissemination by national central library in Tanzania: Challenges and the way forward(Serial librarian, 2022) Kotoroi, Gladness L.; Tukae, Nancy E.This study discussed challenges facing the Tanzania National Central Library (TNCL) in providing information services to prisoners. Data were collected using a structured interview and standardized questionnaire that were administered to 41 librarians. Face to Face interview was conducted with the Library Director and two Heads of Departments who were purposefully selected. Each interview lasted between 30 and 40 minutes. All 41 TNCL employees were included in the sample of the study. The quantitative data outputs were presented in the form of descriptive statistics, mainly in tabular form while qualitative data, which were subjected to content analysis were presented mainly in a narrative form. The findings indicated that TNCL uses various sources to disseminate information to prisoners. Moreover, they also indicated that TNCL faces several challenges including inadequate funds, poor infrastructure systems, restrictive prison policies and lack of library buildings which is deterring provision of information services to prisoners. The study recommended that all of the raised challenges should be solved to facilitate information provision services to prisonersItem Socio-demographic determinants of access to climate change information among tomato growing farmers in Mvomero district, Tanzania(2020) Sanga, Evaristo Eliakim; Elia, Emmanuel FThis study investigated tomato farmers’ access to climate information in Mvomero District in Tanzania. This study used mixed approach where both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The study comprised of 60 farmers’ who were systematically randomly selected. Questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGDs), and in-depth interviews were the methods used in data collection. Quantitative data were analysed by using SPSS while content analysis was used for qualitative data. Key findings show that majority of farmers use radio as a source of climate change information. The study discovered that gender, marital status, age, level of education and income were the socio-demographic factors influencing access to climate change information. The study concludes that socio-demographic factors influence farmers’ adaptation to climate change. The study recommends the establishment of ICT climate change information systems that can provide timely, relevant, and reliable climate change information to farmers. The study also suggests the use of mobile phone technology to reach out a wider population of farmers.Item Constraints facing African academic libraries in applying electronic security systems to protect library materials(International journal of librarianship, 2023) Kotoroi, GladnessThis article reviews published literature to identify factors that impede the application of electronic security systems (ESSs) in protecting library materials in African academic libraries. The information for the study was gathered through a review of online literature from databases, namely ProQuest, EBSCO, Emerald, Library Literature, Research Gate Information, and Google search engine. The scope of the literature covered the time when African academic libraries began to use ESSs to protect their collections to the present. It covered only literature that addresses the challenges that hinder African academic libraries from utilizing ESSs to protect library materials. Information was collected by reading the abstracts and conclusion of the online documents. In the beginning, a total of 91 articles were collected as a population of the study. However, only fifty-four (54) articles were found to be relevant to the area of the study. Basic keywords and advanced searching, namely truncations, headings, Boolean operators, electronic security systems, academic libraries, security, African Libraries, theft and mutilation were also used to get relevant literature on the topic from peer-reviewed and scholarly resources. Based on the findings of the reviewed literatures it is concluded that African academic libraries undergo nearly the same challenges where most of which can be addressed because they are generated by the managements, library staff and the environment in which the libraries operate rather than the ESSs. The researcher recommends that African academic library managements should cope with the technological changes so as to compete with the market demand. With that regard, the reported ESSs challenges facing African academic libraries should be aggressively addressed in order to make the application of ESSs effective. Equally, another study should be carried out to inform about the ramifications of not addressing electronic security systemsItem Using open access institutional repositories (OAIRs) for enhancing access to local contents in Tanzanian Universities(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2023) Mbughuni, Anna ShangweOpen Access Institutional Repositories (OAIRs) are technologies that enhance access to local content produced by academic staff members in universities. However, these OAIRs in Tanzania have fewer uploaded scholarly contents produced by academic staff members than is the case with OAIRs of universities in other countries. This study investigated how OAIRs in Tanzania enhance access to local content to meeting the diverse information needs of potential users. Specifically, the study established the extent to which academic staff members engage in self-archiving of local contents in OAIRs, and determined factors that influence self-archiving of local contents in OAIRs, the usage patterns of OAIRs and how OAIR policy can be used to improve the collection of OAIR contents in selected universities in Tanzania. The study area includes four selected public universities in Tanzania namely: Mzumbe University (MU), University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), and Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA). This study was guided by the pragmatic paradigm; and used a cross-sectional survey research design to investigate how OAIRs in Tanzania enhance access to local content to meet the diverse information needs of potential users. The study involved 2894 participants including 413 (academic staff) that were obtained through systematic random sampling, four Heads of Department, two ICT technicians, and two Library Technicians. These eight key informants were selected through purposive sampling techniques. The study collected both qualitative and quantitative data. Interviews and structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data while literature on OAIRs, OAIR policy documents, and statistics from ROAR and Open DOAR were v used to collect secondary data. The SPSS version 22- computer software programme was used to analyse quantitative data where descriptive and inferential statistics were obtained. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data, which were presented in a narrative form. The thesis is organized in paper format. The first paper explored academic staff members’ engagement in depositing locally produced content in OAIRs in public universities in Tanzania. Findings showed that 92.5 per cent of the academic staff members were aware of the OAIRs and 46.2 per cent reported to engage themselves in self-archiving their scholarly works in OAIRs. Furthermore, the study revealed that poor Internet connectivity and unstable power supply were the challenges academic staff members faced in depositing their scholarly publications in OAIRs. The second paper investigated how the self-archiving of scholarly publications in OAIRs can be strengthened for improved access to local content in Tanzania. Findings showed that the self-archiving of scholarly publications in OAIRs is influenced by factors such as motivating, technical support, influence of colleagues, OAIRs policy, and supporting services. Likewise, the study revealed, the lack of personal benefit, inadequate advocacy, the low level of awareness, the lack of sufficient ICT infrastructure and plagiarism as barriers against self-archiving. The third paper investigated how OAIR submission policy can be used to improve OAIR contents. Findings showed that the OAIR submission policy is available in their universities, as reported by 46.2 per cent of the respondents. The findings also revealed that OAIR submission policy has been used to direct academic staff to submit their scholarly publications in OAIRs (45.5%). Furthermore, in order to improve the collection of OAIR contents, regular awareness creation of the rules and regulations on how to submit in OAIRs was vii cited 24.5 per cent of the respondents as important strategy of increasing the use of OAIRs cited. About 18.5 per cent of the respondents suggested effective implementation of OAIR submission policy for academic staff members to submit in the university OAIRs as another strategy. About 16.3 per cent suggested for an increase visibility and accessibility of OAIR policy through the university website; and about 14 per cent suggested that OAIRs submission policy be made clear to authors and the institutions operating the OAIRs. The fourth paper investigated the usage patterns of OAIRs among academic staff members in Tanzanian universities. Findings indicated that 43.7 per cent of the respondents used OAIRs for accessing and downloading scholarly publications, 40.7 per cent used OAIRs for browsing and reviewing scholarly publications for teaching, learning, and research work and 32.9 per cent used OAIRs for self-archiving their scholarly outputs. Likewise, the study found that motivation and social factors were the only variables that had a unique influence on the use of OAIRs at a 1 per cent level of significance (p=0.000). Furthermore, awareness creation of the use of OAIRs and the provision of enough digital skills and ICT infrastructure were found important in improving the use of OAIRs. From the foregoing findings and observations, it is concluded that academic staff members are not engaged much in self-archiving their scholarly publications in OAIRs, and the OAIRs policy regarding submission requirements is not implemented as intended; as a result, local contents are poorly uploaded in OAIRs. Therefore, the management of universities should engage academic staff members in self-archiving their academic publications in OAIRs, raise awareness of staff; improve staff's digital skills; provide adequate ICT facilities, manuals and technical assistance to staff on the use of OAIRs and self-archiving; and implement OAIR submission policy in the collection of OAIR contents. These will increase the amount of content and thereby enhance access to local content in OAIRs.Item A systematic review on the extant of outdoor advertisements literature in developing countries(Open journal of business and management, 2022) Mwilongo, Kardo; Swallehe, OmaryPurpose: The current paper aims at investigating outdoor billboards advertising marketing in developing countries by looking at the current literature through systematic review of literature. The main purpose is to look at how researchers are studying outdoor billboards advertising marketing, what are the current issues investigated and what is going to be the direction of outdoor billboards advertising marketing in this part of the world. Design/ methodology/approach: The paper employed a systematic review of literature in which 42 research papers were investigated. These 42 papers were searched from five databases namely; Google Scholar, REFSEEK, Base, CORE and Research gate. Findings: The findings revealed that three areas seemed to be investigated more frequently by researchers in this area. These themes are; designing and modelling of billboards, billboards and drivers destruction as well as billboards and consumers buying behavior. Limitations/implications: The current study is limited to the facts that, it only employed a systematic review of outdoor billboards advertising marketing in developing countries. Future studies should embark on studying outdoor billboards advertising marketing from different perspective using different methods. The findings further reveal that little has been studied regarding the effects/impact of outdoor billboards advertising marketing on organizational performance from the literature we have reviewed. The findings also revealed that this area is not attracting many researchers at least in developing countries. Practical implications: This investigation is an eye opener to the researchers in the outdoor billboards advertising arena on the directions for future studies. The study has identified the area where the researchers are putting much emphasis and the area which has not been studied significantly. It also shows the dominant methodologies and the gap to be filled by future researchers. Originality/ value: This paper achieved the main purpose of studying the outdoor bill boards advertising marketing in developing countries.Item Collection development practices in academic libraries in Tanzania(Journal of librarianship and information science, 2020) Mwilongo, Kardo Joseph; Luambano, Ireneus; Lwehabura, Mugyabuso J.F.The aim of this study was to assess the collection development practices in academic libraries in Tanzania. Specifically, the study examined the collection development practices and factors that influence these practices. The study involved four academic libraries and employed both qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. Primary data were collected through informant interviews, observations and questionnaires methods. The study involved 44 library staff who filled in self-administered questionnaires. The study discloses that collection development practices and particularly evaluation and weeding or deselection are rarely conducted at these academic libraries. The findings further reveal that collection development practices in academic libraries in Tanzania are constrained by inadequate funding, lack of skills for hybrid collection management and lack of collection development policy catering for both print- and electronic-based information resources. On the basis of the findings, the study recommends that academic libraries should establish a comprehensive collection development policy and introduce professional development programmes to library staff for efficient management of hybrid collections.Item Systematic review of open education resources repository: A gateway for scholarly communication in developing countries(Dar es Salaam University Press(DUP), 2023) Kachota, Beth; Mwilongo, Kardo J.Development in information technology has universally led to an increase of the importance of Open Education Resources Repository in achieving the sustainable development goals on the promotion of quality education and supporting innovation in the community. The technology of open education resources repository has been prominent since 2010 and comprehensively adopted in developed countries but dynamically improving in developing regions though its performance fairly convince appreciations on the invested initiatives. This paper establishes the need to examine the users’ awareness of the repository, performance and influencing factors on the performance of open education resources repositories in developing countries. A systematic review of literature was employed in which 25 research papers were investigated. The papers were searched from four aggregate tools, namely Google Scholar, Research Gate, Open Praxis and Refseek. The Excel computer application software was used to analyse quantitative data whereas qualitative data was subjected to content analysis. Among other things, higher learning institution open education resource repositories in developing countries are becoming common among the academic community. Their performance is significantly remarked in erratic context between regions and diagnostically hampered by varying factors, including technological and infrastructural aspects, financial disputes, environmental and institutional issues. On this, the institutional management support, commitment on creating open access resources which resulted to minimal satisfaction on the contribution of the repositories among the scholars and open education resources repository guidelines such as policy, procedures and standards impacted the repositories performance. The paper encourages on the need for improving information resources acquisition, efforts on raising awareness, dissemination, advocacy, marketing, and management and user support services. However, open education resources repository policy needs to be improvised for quality control and procedures for backup to enhance security, intrusion and mitigation of the effects of potential disasters and fostering sustainability of the open education resources repository.