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Item A systematic review of the extant literature on the Tanzanian e-government services for economic development(Sage, 2024) Mwilongo, Kardo J.; Kachota, BethThis paper investigates the existing Tanzanian e-government services for economic development through a systematic review of the literature. The main objective is to examine researchers’ articles on e-government services towards achieving the Tanzanian economic growth as well as the current issues and trends on e-government globally. Specifically, this study aims to answer three research questions on: what are the functional e-government services in Tanzania? What is the level of Tanzanian e-government service performance? And what are the factors influencing Tanzanian e-government service performance for economic development? A systematic literature search was conducted on four aggregate data sources, which included Google Scholar, ResearchGate, CORE, and Refseek. A combination of search key terms was employed to obtain the data sources from 2015 to 2022. One hundred and five articles were found by the combined search and screened, resulting to eighteen articles that were recommended for the study. Content and Microsoft Excel computer application were used to analyse the screened data sources. The findings reveal that, a number of functional services is offered and considered potential for revenue collection and contribute to the nation’s economic development. Nevertheless, Tanzania has improved and dynamically advanced to the transaction level of e-government implementation where the majority of the citizens interact for services and information. However, factors related to the activeness of the platforms, accessibility, usability, infrastructure, security issues, privacy, and technical support services among others, were identified to influence the performance of Tanzanian e-government services and thus call attention to the government in addressing these issues.Item Assessing journalists’ language tone and sources used in reporting HIV/AIDS information in Tanzanian newspapers(Sage, 2024) Kanyika, Martin E; Siyao, Peter OThis paper assesses the tone of the language and the key sources used by the journalists when reporting HIV/ AIDS information in Tanzania’s newspapers for six years between 2002–2004 and 2017–2019 respectively. Two leading broadsheets published on daily basis, the Daily News and Mwananchi were selected. Content analysis and discourse analysis were used as the data collection and analysis methods. Microsoft Office Excel 2010 was used to analyze quantitative data whereas NVivo was used to analyze qualitative data. The findings indicate that the language employed was offensive, discouraging, and laden with complex terminology. Additionally, the study uncovered an optimistic and positive tone in the messages, yet the structure of sentences lack persuasiveness. Moreover, the findings underscore a reliance on international sources for HIV/AIDS information. The research suggests that the overall language employed was inadequate. It asserts that despite the usage of positive tone, yet the language employed lack constructive, informative qualities and not suitably framed for the easy comprehension of their target audience. Furthermore, the findings advocate for journalists to consistently seek improved language tone for conveying HIV/AIDS information to the public. Moreover, the current study proposes that media outlets should provide training to the journalists on the good techniques of framing HIV/ AIDS information covered in Tanzanian newspapers for awareness creation. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the journalists’ importance of using positive language tones when covering and reporting HIV/AIDS information in the newspapers for awareness creation in Tanzania.Item A systematic review of the extant literature on the Tanzanian e-government services for economic development(Sage, 2024) Mwilongo, Kardo J.; Kachota, BethThis paper investigates the existing Tanzanian e-government services for economic development through a systematic review of the literature. The main objective is to examine researchers’ articles on e-government services towards achieving the Tanzanian economic growth as well as the current issues and trends on e-government globally. Specifically, this study aims to answer three research questions on: what are the functional e-government services in Tanzania? What is the level of Tanzanian e-government service performance? And what are the factors influencing Tanzanian e-government service performance for economic development? A systematic literature search was conducted on four aggregate data sources, which included Google Scholar, ResearchGate, CORE, and Refseek. A combination of search key terms was employed to obtain the data sources from 2015 to 2022. One hundred and five articles were found by the combined search and screened, resulting to eighteen articles that were recommended for the study. Content and Microsoft Excel computer application were used to analyse the screened data sources. The findings reveal that, a number of functional services is offered and considered potential for revenue collection and contribute to the nation’s economic development. Nevertheless, Tanzania has improved and dynamically advanced to the transaction level of e-government implementation where the majority of the citizens interact for services and information. However, factors related to the activeness of the platforms, accessibility, usability, infrastructure, security issues, privacy, and technical support services among others, were identified to influence the performance of Tanzanian e-government services and thus call attention to the government in addressing these issues.Item Library service provision for improved satisfaction among library users in selected university libraries in Tanzania(Regional Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 2024) Kaishe-Mulungu, Dativa Donati; Mugyabuso Julius Festo, Lwehabura; Consolata, AngelloRationale of Study – Libraries are crucial in providing services and information resources. However, university libraries in Tanzania lack sufficient services, facilities, and resources to meet the needs of their users. Therefore, this study assessed user satisfaction with library services in Tanzania. Specifically, to determine the existing library services provision in the selected universities, to determine the extent of users' satisfaction with library services, and to examine the influence of library service provision on user satisfaction. Methodology – The sample size was 397 respondents, who were academic staff, library staff and students from five selected universities, selected through simple random sampling as per Israel (1992) sample determination table, and 68 key informants, who were heads of university departments, were selected through purposive sampling. Both qualitative and quantitative information were collected using questionnaires and interviews. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS software, while the qualitative were analysed through content analysis. Findings – The results indicated that the primary services provided by libraries were circulation (22.2%), internet (15.6%) and reference services (14.9%). Furthermore, the study found that the satisfaction levels were statistically significant at 5% and 1% levels of significance. The majority of respondents (53%) rated the service quality in terms of information availability as high. Implications – The study also revealed that library service provision significantly influenced user satisfaction. These results imply that respondents were satisfied with library services. However, there are some challenges, such as internet connectivity, institutional repository and secretarial services, which were recommended for improvement. Originality – This is an original study conducted in five selected universities in TanzaniaItem Tanzania Modern Librarians in Research and Development Enquiry: A Literature Review(Library philosophy and practice (e-journal). 6644, 2021) Mwilongo, Kardo; Kotoroi, GladnessThe modern and advanced development in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has influenced various changes in the universe and resulted to phases of paradigm shifts and affected individuals, groups, organizations, institutions and states. The globalization of everything has similarly modernized and impacted the academic libraries and librarians. Modern academic libraries strive and undertake this development in facilitating sharing of research data and outputs with its potential stakeholders for Research and Development (R&D). Librarians and have to adapt new and emerging technologies, deploy the web technologies for cyberspaces, smart or digital library information and services, transform to embedded librarians for dynamic collaboration and partnership with stakeholders in sharing experience, research data and products for innovative R&D. Professionalism and personal competencies are the panacea for the modern librarians to remain relevant in the new environment. Technology and knowledge gaps lead to challenges that the modern libraries have to address and sustainably maintain their visibility, collaboration and sharing of research data and products for R&D. More important, modern libraries have to fully embrace the digital innovations, promote linkages and collaboration with R&D institutions or centres. Moreover, they have to integrate various innovative policies which foster sharing of research data and products and to make technology and innovative R&D among the core components of the university functions.Item Using open access institutional repositories (OAIRs) for enhancing access to local contents in Tanzanian Universities(Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2023) Mbughuni, Anna ShangweOpen Access Institutional Repositories (OAIRs) are technologies that enhance access to local content produced by academic staff members in universities. However, these OAIRs in Tanzania have fewer uploaded scholarly contents produced by academic staff members than is the case with OAIRs of universities in other countries. This study investigated how OAIRs in Tanzania enhance access to local content to meeting the diverse information needs of potential users. Specifically, the study established the extent to which academic staff members engage in self-archiving of local contents in OAIRs, and determined factors that influence self-archiving of local contents in OAIRs, the usage patterns of OAIRs and how OAIR policy can be used to improve the collection of OAIR contents in selected universities in Tanzania. The study area includes four selected public universities in Tanzania namely: Mzumbe University (MU), University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), and Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA). This study was guided by the pragmatic paradigm; and used a cross-sectional survey research design to investigate how OAIRs in Tanzania enhance access to local content to meet the diverse information needs of potential users. The study involved 2894 participants including 413 (academic staff) that were obtained through systematic random sampling, four Heads of Department, two ICT technicians, and two Library Technicians. These eight key informants were selected through purposive sampling techniques. The study collected both qualitative and quantitative data. Interviews and structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data while literature on OAIRs, OAIR policy documents, and statistics from ROAR and Open DOAR were v used to collect secondary data. The SPSS version 22- computer software programme was used to analyse quantitative data where descriptive and inferential statistics were obtained. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data, which were presented in a narrative form. The thesis is organized in paper format. The first paper explored academic staff members’ engagement in depositing locally produced content in OAIRs in public universities in Tanzania. Findings showed that 92.5 per cent of the academic staff members were aware of the OAIRs and 46.2 per cent reported to engage themselves in self-archiving their scholarly works in OAIRs. Furthermore, the study revealed that poor Internet connectivity and unstable power supply were the challenges academic staff members faced in depositing their scholarly publications in OAIRs. The second paper investigated how the self-archiving of scholarly publications in OAIRs can be strengthened for improved access to local content in Tanzania. Findings showed that the self-archiving of scholarly publications in OAIRs is influenced by factors such as motivating, technical support, influence of colleagues, OAIRs policy, and supporting services. Likewise, the study revealed, the lack of personal benefit, inadequate advocacy, the low level of awareness, the lack of sufficient ICT infrastructure and plagiarism as barriers against self-archiving. The third paper investigated how OAIR submission policy can be used to improve OAIR contents. Findings showed that the OAIR submission policy is available in their universities, as reported by 46.2 per cent of the respondents. The findings also revealed that OAIR submission policy has been used to direct academic staff to submit their scholarly publications in OAIRs (45.5%). Furthermore, in order to improve the collection of OAIR contents, regular awareness creation of the rules and regulations on how to submit in OAIRs was vii cited 24.5 per cent of the respondents as important strategy of increasing the use of OAIRs cited. About 18.5 per cent of the respondents suggested effective implementation of OAIR submission policy for academic staff members to submit in the university OAIRs as another strategy. About 16.3 per cent suggested for an increase visibility and accessibility of OAIR policy through the university website; and about 14 per cent suggested that OAIRs submission policy be made clear to authors and the institutions operating the OAIRs. The fourth paper investigated the usage patterns of OAIRs among academic staff members in Tanzanian universities. Findings indicated that 43.7 per cent of the respondents used OAIRs for accessing and downloading scholarly publications, 40.7 per cent used OAIRs for browsing and reviewing scholarly publications for teaching, learning, and research work and 32.9 per cent used OAIRs for self-archiving their scholarly outputs. Likewise, the study found that motivation and social factors were the only variables that had a unique influence on the use of OAIRs at a 1 per cent level of significance (p=0.000). Furthermore, awareness creation of the use of OAIRs and the provision of enough digital skills and ICT infrastructure were found important in improving the use of OAIRs. From the foregoing findings and observations, it is concluded that academic staff members are not engaged much in self-archiving their scholarly publications in OAIRs, and the OAIRs policy regarding submission requirements is not implemented as intended; as a result, local contents are poorly uploaded in OAIRs. Therefore, the management of universities should engage academic staff members in self-archiving their academic publications in OAIRs, raise awareness of staff; improve staff's digital skills; provide adequate ICT facilities, manuals and technical assistance to staff on the use of OAIRs and self-archiving; and implement OAIR submission policy in the collection of OAIR contents. These will increase the amount of content and thereby enhance access to local content in OAIRs.Item Collection development practices in academic libraries in Tanzania(Journal of librarianship and information science, 2020) Mwilongo, Kardo Joseph; Luambano, Ireneus; Lwehabura, Mugyabuso J.F.The aim of this study was to assess the collection development practices in academic libraries in Tanzania. Specifically, the study examined the collection development practices and factors that influence these practices. The study involved four academic libraries and employed both qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. Primary data were collected through informant interviews, observations and questionnaires methods. The study involved 44 library staff who filled in self-administered questionnaires. The study discloses that collection development practices and particularly evaluation and weeding or deselection are rarely conducted at these academic libraries. The findings further reveal that collection development practices in academic libraries in Tanzania are constrained by inadequate funding, lack of skills for hybrid collection management and lack of collection development policy catering for both print- and electronic-based information resources. On the basis of the findings, the study recommends that academic libraries should establish a comprehensive collection development policy and introduce professional development programmes to library staff for efficient management of hybrid collections.Item Using open access institutional repository policy to improve content in four Tanzanian public universities(Publisher regional institute of information and knowledge management, 2023) Mbughuni, Anna S.; Mtega, Wulystain P.; Malekani, Andrew W.This study investigated how OAIR policy can be used to improve OAIR contents. Specifically, the study sought to determine the level of awareness of the OAIR policy among academic staff members in the selected universities, examine the use of OAIR policy in the collection of OAIR contents in the selected universities, and find out how the OAIR policy can be used to improve the growth of OAIR content. Methodology – Systematic random and purposive sampling procedures were used to obtain the study sample. The sample size included 413 academic staff and eight key informants. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained from a structured questionnaire, interview and secondary data. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 22 and content analysis. Findings .Key findings revealed that 46.2 per cent of the respondents were aware of the OAIR policy. The findings also revealed that 45.5 per cent indicated that OAIR policy directs them to submit their scholarly publications in OAIRs and also specify the types of content to be held in OAIRs. Implications. Therefore, the study concluded that OAIRs policy forms the vital components that have a positive influence on the growth of content in OAIRs without a policy, OAIRs may remain virtually empty. Therefore, creating awareness of OAIR policy and emphasizing more in the area of submission of content would enhance the growth of OAIR content. Originality. This is an original study on how OAIR policy can be used to improve OAIR contents in four public universities in Tanzania.Item Usage patterns of Open access institutional repositories in Tanzania: A case of selected public universities(Library philosophy and practice (e-journal), 2022) Mbughuni, Anna ShangweThe purpose of this study was to investigate the usage patterns of OAIRs among university community members in Tanzania universities. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model used to guide this study. The study employed a cross-sectional research design. Systematic random and purposive sampling procedures were used to obtain a total of 292 respondents and eight key informants respectively. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were analyzed by using SPSS and qualitative data were analyzed by using content analysis. The study found that 54.5% of the respondents indicated the use of OAIRs are to collect, preserve and disseminate scholarly publications and 54.5% to provide information resources for teaching, learning, and research. The study found that faculty members are using OAIRs very often. 66.4% of the respondents indicated that factors motivate to use OAIRs are to enjoy access to articles without hindrance and charges, 54.5% provisional of open access to a wider audience of researchers and 47.4% to increase the impact of researchers’ work. The study found that challenges influencing the use of OAIRs are low level of awareness, lack of ICTs infrastructure and lack of skills in using OAIRs. The study concludes that there is still much to be done in Tanzanian universities to improve the extent of OAIRs usage. The study recommends for provisional of skills in using OAIRs, stable ICTs facilities such as enough computers, Internet, and creation of more awareness on the use of OAIRs.Item Self-archiving of scholarly publications for improved access to local content in Tanzania: A study of open access institutional repositories in universities in Tanzania(Journal of librarianship and information science, 2023) Mbughuni, Anna Shangwe; Mtega, Wulystan Pius; Malekani, Andrew WatsonThis study sought to investigate how the self-archiving of scholarly publications in Open Access Institutional Repositories can be strengthened for improved access to local content. Specifically, the study sought to investigate factors that influence self-archiving of scholarly publications in OAIRs, examine the implementation of OAIRs policies on self-archiving of scholarly publications in OAIRs and determine challenges that hinder self-archiving of scholarly publications in OAIRs. The population of the study consisted of 2894 faculty members and 413 sample size, obtained through a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews with eight key informants. Key findings indicated that there are factors that influenced self-archiving of scholarly publications in OAIRs among faculty members such motivating factors, availability of technical support, supervisors/peers/ colleagues and supporting services. Moreover, the study found challenges that hindered self-archiving as low level of awareness and inadequate advocacy for a self-archiving, lack of personal benefit such as rewards and promotions, fear of the plagiarism, lack of enough facilities like ICT and internet connectivity. The study also found that there was a need to implement OAIR policies in self-archiving of scholarly publications in the OAIRs. In order to strengthen self-archiving, the study recommends providing support services, technical supports, encouraging supervisors/peers/colleagues, creating awareness, providing personal benefits, provide education and give more time, effort and implement OAIR policies to enhance the process of self-archiving scholarly publications in OAIRs. The findings of this study shall contribute new knowledge to the existing research outputs that have been conducted in this field