School of Public Administration and Management (SOPAM)

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Tanzania

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    Factors affecting adherence to occupational health and safety rules and regulations in improving public health in the informal sector workers in Mabibo- Dar es Salaam
    (The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2019) Mushi, Lawrencia
    Although significant advances have been made in Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) over the past decades, little is known about its adherence in the informal sector in Tanzania. Globally, it is estimated that 2.3 million workers die every year from occupational accidents and work-related diseases. Most of these deaths occur in informal sectors. We assessed factors affecting adherence to OSH rules and regulations in improving public health in the informal sector workers at Mabibo, Dar es Salaam. We used a mixed study design applying both quantitative and quantitative approach. 72 informal workers and two officials from the Occupational Safety and Health Authority were included. Both questionnaires and key informant Interviews were used to collect data. We used (SPSS) 20 and content analysis was used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data respectively. We found that a majority (55.7%) of informal sector workers had low knowledge of OHS rules and regulations. Moreover, most of them (87.1%) were not trained in OHS and a majority (37.1%) rarely used protective gear when performing their duties. Informal sector workers are at high risk of occupational accidents and diseases. This has a huge economic burden on individuals, enterprises and the nation as a whole. Therefore, the government must put in place mechanisms aimed to protecting their health and working rights by putting in place integrative and comprehensive programs and policies meant to protect their health rights.
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    Cost of dialysis in Tanzania: Evidence from the provider’s perspective
    (Health Economics Review, 2015) Mushi, Lawrencia; Krohn, Markus; Flessa, Steffen
    Background: Although End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a disease of increasing epidemiological relevance very little is known about the cost of providing the respective dialysis services in Tanzania. This paper estimates the costs of dialysis for ESRD patients at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Tanzania in the year 2014. Methods: Cost calculations are based on the provider's perspective and include only the direct cost of dialysis treatment. The cost of drugs and consumables was obtained from the price list issued by the Medical Stores Department (MSD) in Tanzania. Additional data were collected through face-to-face interviews with experts at the dialysis unit. Results: MNH performs on average 442 hemodialysis per month (34 patients, with three sessions per week) with a personnel placement of 20 nurses, four nephrologists, eight registrars, one nutritionist, two biomedical engineers, four health attendants and nine dialysis machines. The respective average unit cost per hemodialysis is 176 US$. Consequently, an average patient requiring three dialyses per week (i.e. 156 dialyses per year) will incur annual costs of 27,440 US$. Conclusion: The cost of dialysis is enormous for a least-developed country like Tanzania where resources and technology are rather limited. Thus, from the economic point of view, it seems rational to allocate health care budgets towards curable diseases, which have a higher cost-effectiveness and cater for the majority of the population. However, before a final decision on allocation of budgets towards dialysis is made all efforts must be invested to improve technical efficiency by cutting the enormous unit cost.
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    Health insurance for informal workers: What is hindering uptake? Perspectives from female food vendors in Kinondoni district, Tanzania
    (East African Journal of Applied Health Monitoring and Evaluation, 2019) Mushi, Lawrencia; Milanzi, Peter
    BACKGROUND Health insurance among people of low income, such as female food vendors and others in the informal sector, is one of the vital steps towards universal health coverage in Tanzania. Little is known to explain the reasons for the low enrolment of informal workers in health insurance schemes. We studied what is hindering the uptake of health insurance among female food vendors in Kinondoni district in Dar es Salaam. METHODS The study took place from January to March 2018. A mixed methods design was employed using a quantitative questionnaire and qualitative interviews. We included 75 respondents of which 70 were female food vendors selected using the snow-balling method. Five respondents were officials from the National Health Insurance Fund, who were purposefully selected. RESULTS Almost half of respondents (45.7%) were earning less than TZS 100,000 (equivalent to US $44.80) a month. Most (82.9%) could not afford health insurance. Attitudes did not affect the uptake of health insurance as the majority (60.0%) agreed that health insurance is vital for their survival. However, a majority (63.4%) of respondents did not know how health insurance works. CONCLUSION The low level of income and limited awareness of health insurance options limited enrolment into health insurance. Interventions should ensure that everyone is enrolled irrespective of economic status. Moreover, the government should design innovative strategies to increase awareness about health insurance.
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    The role of green human resource management practices on environmental management in Tanzanian industries: Lessons from Mohammed enterprises Tanzania limited
    (Science Journal of Business and Management, 2020) Mwita, Kelvin Magoko; Mwakasangula, Eliza
    In the last few years, global concerns have increased regarding environmental issues. These concerns generated more pressure and necessitated businesses and industries to develop and use green management by adopting green practices and products. Green HRM practices have emerged to be one of effective management initiatives in environmental management. Tanzania intends to be a semi-industrialized country and the government has been showing recommendable efforts to ensure that the goal is successfully achieved. In considering industrialization process in Tanzania there is a need to look for best practices in dealing with the side effects of industrialization to ensure that the process does not only benefit the economy but also protects the planet earth. This study used a case study design to learn how industries use Green HRM practices to ensure that their operations do not lead to environmental degradation. The study found that green recruitment and selection, green training, green performance management and green rewards management are essential in environmental management. The study recommends industries to formalize and adopt green human resource management practices in order to increase environmental management performance for successful industrialization of the Tanzania economy.
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    The challenges facing bottom up planning process in Korogwe town council in Tanzania
    (Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 2018) Mwakasangula, Eliza; Tefurukwa, W. Oscar
    This paper focuses on the main challenges facing participation in the bottom up planning processes at Korogwe Town Council (KTC). The study used 329 respondents and employed interviews, informal discussion, observation, and documentary reviews to gather data. Mainly narration and content analyses were used to scrutinize all data. The findings show that there were: inadequate community participation in planning at KTC due to lack of motivation and training, shortage of staff, lack of funds, inflexibility, irresponsibility, and lack of council mechanism for participation. Consequently, there was low level of community members participating in bottom up planning process. In order to encourage more people to be part of planning process, among other things, there is need to improve (or introduce) motivation to and training of community members, leaders and officers for effective bottom up participation participate.
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    The influence of training and development strategy on the performance of Tanzania’s local government authorities
    (Journal of Policy and Leadership (JPL), 2023) Mwakasangula, Eliza
    This study aimed to determine the effect of the Training and Development (T&D) strategy on the performance of Tanzania's Local Government Authorities (LGAs). The adoption of training and development strategies in LGAs gained momentum during decentralization by devolution, which aimed to empower LGAs to train and develop their personnel. The study was carried out in ten (10) LGAs found in three regions and used a survey design to collect data from a sample of 59 respondents through questionnaires and interviews. The results showed that T&D strategy had a significant influence on LGA performance, with 25.3 per cent of performance being attributed to T&D while 74.7 per cent was attributed to other factors. Also, the coefficient of determination (𝑅2 = 0.253) at the alpha of 0.05 implies that 25.3 per cent of the variation in the Performance of Tanzania’s LGAs is contributed by T and D strategy and 74.7 per cent is explained by other factors which were not considered in this study. The study concludes that T&D plays a significant role in improving performance in Tanzania's LGAs and that appropriate training programs informed by Training Needs Assessment (TNA) are crucial for workforce commitment and performance.